The present paper is to study the center line of the plantar pressure of normal young people, and to find the relation between center line of the plantar pressure and gait stability and balance. The paper gives the testing principle and calculating methods for geometric center of plantar pressure distribution and the center of pressure due to the techniques of footprint frame. The calculating formulas in both x direction and y direction are also deduced in the paper. In the experiments carried out in our laboratory, the gait parameters of 131 young subjects walking as usual speed were acquired, and 14 young subjects of the total were specially analyzed. We then provided reference data for the walking gait database of young people, including time parameters, space parameters and plantar pressure parameters. We also obtained the line of geometry center and pressure center under the foot. We found that the differences existed in normal people's geometric center line and the pressure center line. The center of pressure trajectory revealed foot movement stability. The length and lateral changes of the center line of the plantar pressure could be applied to analysis of the plantar pressure of all kinds of people. The results in this paper are useful in clinical foot disease diagnosis and evaluation of surgical effect.
Foot ; physiology ; Gait ; Humans ; Pressure ; Reference Values ; Walking

Objective To explore the interaction of foot placement, trunk control and weight-bearing (WB) during sit-to-stand (STS) movement. Methods 32 hemiplegic stroke patients (experimental group) and 32 healthy people (control group) were recruited and completed STS movement with 3 different foot positions: ankle dorsiflexed 10° of both feet (BF), with the paretic foot posterior (PFP) or the undominant foot posterior (UDFP), with the non-paretic foot posterior (NPFP) or the dominant foot posterior (DFP). Balance function assessment system (model AL-080) was used for collecting the WB, WB asymmetry (WBasym), and the center of pressure of the buttocks in medial-lateral (CoPx) and anterior-posterior (CoPy) sway during STS movement. Results The control group had the mostly WB symmetry, and little trunk side movement in BF, and there was significant difference in all indicators compared with in DFP or UDFP. For the experiment group, the WB, WBasym and CoPx were different as BF from as NPFP (P<0.05); while all the indicators except CoPx were different from PFP. When PFP, the trunk moved to the non-paretic side, and then to paretic side, all the indicators were different from NPFP. When BF and NPFP of the experiment group compared with BF and DFP of the control group, all the indicators were different (P<0.05). CoPx and CoPy increased in the experiment group compared with the control group. CoPx negatively correlate with WBasym in the experiment group (r=-0.626, P<0.001) and in the control group (r=-0.776, P<0.001). Conclusion The trunk side movement affects weight-bearing symmetry, and foot placement can modify weight-bearing distribution during the STS movement in hemiplegic stroke patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the genetic variation and typing of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in patients with chronic hepatitis B in relation to HBeAg status.

METHODSFluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect serum HBV DNA in patients with chronic hepatitis B negative for HBeAg. Real-time fluorescent PCR and PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization were used to detect HBV genotypes and mutations, respectively.

RESULTSOf the 389 patients, 214 (55.01%) were positive and 175 (44.99%) were negative for HBV DNA; 102 (26.22%) had a HBV DNA copy number of 1×10(3), and 41 (10.54%) had a copy number of 1×10(4) (Χ(2)=226.6729, P<0.001). Of the 21 patients with a HBV DNA load of 1×10(5), 15 (71.43%) were found to have precore mutations, and 11 (52.38%) had basic core promoter (BCP) mutations; a higher HBV-DNA load was associated with an increased incidence of HBV mutations. In the 214 patients positive for HBV DNA, HBV genotypes A, B, C, D and the mixed type were found in 6 (2.80%), 84 (39.25%), 106 (49.53%), and 7 (3.27%), and 11 (5.14%) patients, who showed precore mutation rates of 16.67% (1 case), 36.90% (31 cases), 44.34% (47 cases), 0, and 0, and BCP mutation rates of 0, 19.05% ( 16 cases), 26.42% (28 cases), 0, and 0, respectively, demonstrating significant differences in HBV mutations between the genotype groups (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONHBeAg-negative and HBV DNA-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B have a relatively low HBV replication level, and HBV DNA load is associated with HBV mutations. The B and C genotypes are more likely to have HBV mutations in HBeAg-negative patients.

DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; classification ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Viral Core Proteins ; genetics ; Viral Load

Objective To investigate the feasibility and efifcacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (GI-NENs).Methods 52 patients with conifrmed histological diagnosis of GI-NENs performed ESD from January 2011 to December 2015 were included. The endoscopic morphology of tumor was summarized. Complete resection rate, complications, clinicopathological characteristics, and follow-up results were evaluated.Results There were 16 cases of stomach, 9 cases of colon and rectum 27 cases. Most of the lesions were submucosal uplift. A few of lesions looked like polyps. All the lesions were one-time whole diseased. 44 lesions were NET-G1, 8 lesions were NET-G2. Complete resection rate was 94.23%. 2 cases of rectal lesions infringemented intrinsic muscle layer, and got additional surgery. 1 case of rectal perforation, which was managed by endoscopic treatment and conservative treatment. All cases did not appear haemorrhage. During a mean follow-up period of 22.6 months, local recurrences occurred in 1 case of stomach, and treated with second line ESD. No cases lymph node and distant metastasis were found.Conclusion ESD appears to be a feasible, safe and effective treatment for GI-NENs with strict endoscopic treatment indications.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of early gastroscopy for patients with hypopharyngeal cancer.Methods:A total of 231 cases of hypopharyngeal cancer diagnosed and treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2010 to December 2014 were included in the retrospective analysis. The 5-year survival rate of hypopharyngeal cancer and patients accompanied with synchronous esophageal cancer (including early and advanced esophageal cancer), as well as the detection rate of synchronous esophageal cancer by gastroscopy and systemic PET-CT examination were statistically analyzed.Results:The 5-year survival rate of hypopharyngeal cancer was 38.96% (90/231). The 5-year survival rates of 62 patients accompanied with synchronous esophageal cancer and 169 patients without were 27.42% (17/62) and 43.20% (73/169), respectively, with statistic difference ( χ2=4.747, P=0.029). The 5-year survival rate of 49 patients accompanied with synchronous early esophageal cancer was 30.69% (17/49). Among the 13 patients with synchronous progressive esophageal cancer, none had a survival period of 5 years, which was significantly different compared with the patients with synchronous early esophageal cancer ( P=0.013). The detection rates of synchronous esophageal carcinoma by gastroscopy and by systemic PET-CT were 26.84% (62/231) and 14.29% (33/231), respectively, with statistic difference ( χ2=11.14, P<0.01). The detection rates of synchronous early esophageal carcinoma by gastroscopy and by systemic PET-CT were 21.21% (49/231) and 8.66% (20/231), respectively, and the difference was also statistically significant ( χ2=14.328, P<0.01). Conclusion:Hypopharyngeal cancer accompanied with synchronous esophageal cancer is of high risk, which affects the survival rate of patients. Early gastroscopy in hypopharyngeal cancer patients can significantly improve the detection rate of synchronous esophageal cancer, which helps to design individualized regimen to improve the survival rate of patients.

Objective:To study the efficacy of dental floss traction-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric angle mucosal lesions.Methods:Data of 127 patients with gastric angle mucosal lesions admitted to the endoscopic center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the surgical methods, patients were divided into the dental floss traction-assisted ESD group (the traction group, n=51) and the traditional ESD group (the traditional group, n=76). The 41 fibrosis cases were further divided into the traction group (n=23) and the traditional group (n=18). The operation time, en block resection rate, curative resection rate and the incidence of adverse events such as bleeding, muscle layer injury and perforation were compared between the two groups.Results:There was no significant difference in age, sex, lesion size or morphology between the traction group and the traditional group ( P > 0.05). The operation time of the traction group was significantly shorter than that of the traditional group (65.4±36.5 min VS 103.5±43.2 min, P=0.012). The en block resection rate was higher in the traction group [100.00% (51/51) VS 90.79% (69/76), P=0.026], and the curative resection rate was higher too [94.12% (48/51) VS 81.58% (62/76), P=0.042]. The incidences of muscular layer damage [5.88% (3/51) VS 25.00% (19/76), P=0.010] and intraoperative bleeding [47.06% (24/51)VS 82.89% (63/76), P=0.010] were lower in the traction group. Perforation occurred in two patients (2.63%) of fibrosis in the traditional group; no perforation occurred in the traction group. There was no significant difference in the perforation incidence ( P=0.243). In the cases of fibrosis, the operation time of the traction group was significantly shorter compared with that of the traditional group (81.4±29.3 min VS 119.3±37.6 min, P=0.010). The en block resection rate and curative resection rate were also higher in the traction group [100.00% (23/23) VS 72.22% (13/18), P=0.007; 95.65% (22/23) VS 72.22% (13/18), P=0.035]. The incidences of muscular layer damage [8.70% (2/23) VS 72.22% (13/18), P=0.001] and intraoperative bleeding [78.26% (18/23) VS 100.00% (18/18), P=0.035] were lower in the traction group. Conclusion:The dental floss traction-assisted ESD is safe and effective for gastric angle mucosal lesions and fibrotic lesions, with shorter operation time, higher curative resection rate and lower incidence of adverse events.