ObjectiveIn order to investigate the effects of shock wave on atrial natriuretic peptides immunoreactivity in the stria vascularis and hair cells of cochlear and correlation of auditory threshold shift,to study the mechanism of deafness caused by blast trauma. MethodsAfter shock wave, different groups of guinea pigs were studied by ABC immunohistochemistry, image analysis and auditory brainstem response. ResultsANP - IR optic density in experimental group was higher than that of control in the stria vascularis and inner hair cells. The change of ANP- IR optic density was directy correlated with ABR threshold shift (r2 =0.9185. P2＜0.05). There was no change of ABR and ANP - IR optic density on outer hair cells. ConclusionThe change of ANP in the stria vascularis may be a compensatory mechanism to heating lose caused by shock wave; ANP in inner cells may be a pathological manifestation of shock wave. The changes of ANP - IR in outer cells may be a false appearance, it was the shock wave which lead to outer cells ANP running off.