According to the historical records such as The Rules and Regulations in Force of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and raw files of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911) kept in the First Historical Archives of China,a systematic study was made on the establishment,cancel and restoration of the Imperial Drug Institution,the medical organization of the Qing Dynasty after Beijing was established as its capital.A textual research was made into the scale of all the personnel such as officials and bailiffs in the Imperial Drug Institution throughout the Qing Dynasty.All the researches reflect the course of change and development of the imperial medical organizations in the Qing Dynasty.

ZHAO Bing-nan is a famous doctor in treating dermatogic disease.He is good at harmonizing yin and yang when he treats dermatogic disease.The basic Chinese materia medica he commonly used are: Dutchmanspipe Vine,Suberect Spatholobus,Tuber Fleeceflower Stem and Gambir Plant.Except application of promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis,he also gives consideration to excessiveness of heart and liver fire,syndrome of damp disturbing spleen.He creats sevel curative methods,such as clearing liver and purging gallbladder,clearing heart fire,dispelling wind and removing dampness.He also creats ‘San Xin Fang’(Lotus Plumule,Weeping Forsythia Capsule Plumule,gardenia).The methods of treatment and prescriptions used by ZHAO Bing-nan have a good effect in treating acute inflammatory dermatogic disease(in excessive heat stage),for example,acute eczema,acute dermatitis,herpes zoster,sensitization dermatitis,drug eruption.

It is the most important mission that preserving and developing advancement of TCM theory and practice.We need defi nitive medical standard to standardize the development.Whether there was any standards in the history of traditional Chinese medicine is a hot question.Though the history research,we found that TCM classic literature was the medical standard in ancient China,which was confirmed by Tang-song government though official action.The standard teaching materials promoted the communication and development of TCM.After Song dynastythe standard position and function was strengthened continuouslywhich had a profound effect.

According Ming dynasty,Qing dynasty established the imperial drug institution(IDI) and set up service offices or pharmacy in several temporary imperial palaces besides office in Forbidden City,which was IDI offices outside Forbidden City.Base on assorting historical information and literature,eld research about historical remains,this article preliminary clari ed the o ces' names and locations of IDI outside Forbidden City.

Objective To study the levels of bone alkaline phosphate (BALP) in healthy children in the specific hospital.Methods Totally 990 healthy children from 0-16 years old were selected,all of whom received physical examination in the Xiasha branch of Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM during August 2013 to April 2014.Serum was collected and tested for BALP levels with a Beckman Coulter Immunoassay System UniCel DxI 800.Z-test was used to verify age and gender grouping,after which the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile values of serum BALP levels were calculated.Results The levels of serum BALP(bilateral 95％ range) in healthy children were as follows:trottie stage (0-1 years old):37-300μg/L;infancy to school stage (＞ 1-9 years old):40-196 μg/L;puberty stage (＞9-16 year-old):25-284 μg/L (male),30-199 μg/L (female).The serum BALP levels of male children showed a weak correlation with height,while the correlation for female children was not significant.Conclusions The levels of BALP in healthy children of the specific hospital and area were established.Serum BALP levels in children varied with age and sex.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of nerve-related acupoints electrical stimulation in preventing urinary retention after hemorrhoid surgery. Method Ninety-seven patients were randomized into two groups: the treatment group received nerve-related acupoints electrical stimulation 1 h after Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy for mixed hemorrhoids, while the control group was taken as a blank control. The incidence of postoperative urinary retention, residual urine volume after the first urination, general urinary condition score, and satisfaction evaluation were compared between the two groups. Result The incidence of postoperative urinary retention and residual urine volume after the first urinary were lower, and the general urination condition and satisfaction evaluation were higher in the treatment group compared to those in the control group. Conclusion Nerve-related acupoints electrical stimulation can prevent and reduce the adverse reactions such as urinary retention after hemorrhoidectomy, and it can effectively protect the bladder function and improve the prognosis.

Objective:To observe the effect of Weijinkang Oral Liquid on rats'models with siliconic nodules and the diffuse fibrosis of the lungs.Methods:45 rats were randomly divided into the blank group,dust-affected group,and treatment group.The rats in the blank group were fed in normal environment.The rats in the dust-affected group were given regular feed.The dust-affected rats in the treatment group were administrated 1.0mL/100g of Weijinkang condensed liquid in 30% by stomach perfusion,two times daily(33 times of human's dosage).Five of each group were killed and anatomized in turn on the 15th day,the 30th and the 90th day.Results:On the 90th day the pathological test showed massive cartilaginous changes projecting to the pulmonary surface in the dust-affected group.There was no abnormality of lungs in both treatment group and blank group.After receiving Weijinkang Oral Liquid the rats in the treatment group showed greater weights than those in the dust-affected group,and the weights of fresh and dehydrated lungs were lighter than those in dust-affected group.Conclusion:Weijinkang Oral Liquid had certain effect on siliconic nodules and the diffuse fibrosis of the lungs caused by pneumonoconiosis.

Objective:To observe the antibacterial effect of Ag +-loaded TiO 2 (Ag -TiO 2) and Ag -TiO 2 coated endotracheal tube (ETT) on the bacterial biofilm (BF) of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods:2, 3-bis-(2-methoxy- 4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) colorimetric method was used to detect minimal inhibitory concertation (MIC) of Ag-TiO 2 for inhibition of BF of Staphylococcus aureus. The Ag -TiO 2 coated ETT were prepared, and divided into 11 mg/L, 8 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 0 mg/L ETT group, according to the concentration gradient, then impregnated in the liquid with Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 1.0×10 9cfu/L. The influence of antibacterial coated ETT on the formation of Staphylococcus aureus BF was determined by detecting the colonies of bacteria and BF on the ETT. Results:Ag-TiO 2 had a significant inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus BF in a concentration -dependent manner, and its MIC was 10 mg/L. Ag -TiO 2 coated ETT has significant anti -Staphylococcus aureus BF effect, and the higher the concentration, the stronger the effect. The absorbance ( A) values of Ag -TiO 2 5 mg/L, 8 mg/L, 11 mg/L ETT groups were significantly lower than that in control group (0.176±0.004, 0.147±0.002, 0.094±0.002 vs. 0.267±0.045, all P < 0.05). The inhibitory rates of Ag -TiO 2 2 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 8 mg/L ETT groups were increased gradually, and 11 mg/L Ag -TiO 2 coated ETT group had the highest inhibitory rate for BF, the inhibitory rates were 6.4%, 34.1%, 44.9% and 64.8%, respectively. Conclusion:Both Ag-TiO 2 and Ag-TiO 2 coated ETT have significant inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus BF.

Fibrosis refers to the final outcome of damage in multiple-type tissue and the imbalance of tissue repair especially in the process of chronic inflammatory response diseases.Fibrosis can occur in various organ tissues.Its continuous progression may lead to organ dysfunction and failure,which is a huge threat to human health.Traditional Chinese medicine has significant therapeutic effects in preventing and treating fibrosis.Due to its characteristics of multiple components,pathways,and targets,it has become a hot research topic in the field of fibrosis.Astragali Radix,a Chinese medicinal for supplementing qi,is the root of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus Hisao or Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.It has the effects of replenishing qi and elevating yang,generating fluid and nourishing blood,expelling toxin and draining pus,astringing sore and promoting granulation.It has found that Astragali Radix contains many chemical components such as polysaccharides,saponins,and flavonoids,which have good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.Astragali Radix can effectively intervene in the fibrosis process of multiple organ tissues such as the heart,kidney,liver,and lung.Therefore,this article reviews the anti-fibrotic effects and mechanisms of Astragali Radix and its chemical components,hoping to provide ideas and references for the development and utilization of Astragali Radix.

Objective To compare the sonographic features as well as clinical histopathological features of follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma(FVPTC) and conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma (CPTC) in pediatric patients.Methods From Jan.2006 to Dec.2017,26 FVPTC patients and 82 CPTC patients were enrolled in this study.The clinical histopathological findings and the sonographic features were compared between the two groups.FVPTCs and CPTCs were divided into PTC-like and follicular neoplasm(FN)-like based on sonographic characteristics.Results The mean nodule size of FVPTCs was larger than that of conventional PTCs.Extrathyroid invasion and cervical lymph node metastasis did not have significant difference between CPTC and FVPTC patients(53.8％ vs 62.2％ and 76.9％ vs 82.9％,respectively).Multiple nodules(P=0.000)and distant pulmonary metastases(P=0.024) were more frequent in CPTCs than in FVPTCs(P＜0.05).The rate of an ill-defined margin (P=0.000) and calcification (P=0.003)in terms of sonographic features were lower in FVPTCs than conventional PTCs(P＜0.05).A Ⅴ+Ⅵ diagnosis of PTC on FNAC of FVPTCs was less common than that of conventional PTCs (P=0.014).Multifocality(P=0.000),extrathyroidal invasion (P=0.000),and lymph node metastasis (P=0.000) were significantly different between PTC-like FVPTCs and FN-like FVPTCs.Conclusion FVPTC in children and adolescents shows a relatively larger size,more benign sonographic features,and a lower diagnostic rate of PTC by FNAC compared with conventional PTCs in pediatric patients.