Nowadays,the study of tumor stem cells has become the heatpoint in cancer research.Many experiments have successfully demonstrated the existence of tumor stem cells,which have been isolated from some solid tumors.As the research on the origin of tumor stem cell is developing,the knowledge of the occurrence and development of tumor has become more clear,which will influence the diagnosis and treatment for tumor significantly.Moreover it will bring benefit to the following-up after surgical operation and giving hopes to cancer sufferers.

Objective To study the application of small interfering RNA silencing S100A4 protein in human gastric cancer cell BGC-823 proliferation,apoptosis and the effect of chemotherapy sensitivity.Methods Human gastric carcinoma cell line BGC-823 transfection siRNA,RT-PCR detected the changes of mRNA after transfection.Groups divided into interference group,negative control group and normal control group.MTT test determined different concentrations of oxaliplatin in gastric cancer cells and calculated IC50,then draw cell growth curve,TUNEL method to detect apoptosis,RT-PCR tested each cell mRNA changed,Western blot detected the change of the S100A4 protein.All data analysis by SPSS17.0,t test applied,RT-PCR and Western blot results analysis by SPSS17.0,comparing multiple samples by using single factor analysis of variance and LSD test.P ＜ 0.05 was statistically significant.Results RT-PCR results showed that BGC-823 cell transfection,S100A4mRNA expression quantity respectively after 48 hours:(0.674+0.011),(0.652+0.021),(0.345 + 0.040),the interference group and normal control group were statistically significant (P =0.012,P ＜ 0.05) and the negative control group with interference group differences were statistically significant (P =0.000,P ＜ 0.05),and normal control group was no statistically significant difference with the negative control group (P =0.380,P ＞ 0.380);Western blot results showed BGC-823 cell transfection S100A4 expression significantly lowered respectively after 48 hours,there were (0.654 + 0.025),(0.642 + 0.014),(0.317 ± 0.061),the interference group and normal control group was statistically significant (P =0.01,P ＜ 0.05),between negative control group and interference group were statistically significant (P =0.000,P ＜ 0.05),normal control group and the negative control group had no significant difference (P =0.341,P ＞ 0.341).After S100A4-siRNA transfection,gastric carcinoma BGC-823 cell proliferation decreased,TUNEL method showed obviously increase apoptosis,MTY showed that IC5o of oxaliplatin was 56.31 μmol/L,after transfection,IC50 was 0.654 μmol/L.Conclusions This study showed that the siRNA silence S100A4 protein inhibit gastric cancer cell proliferation,induced apoptosis and improved chemotherapy sensitivity of oxaliplatin.S100A4 might be prompt targets for the treatment of gastric carcinoma.

BACKGROUND:In senile osteoporosis patients, capacity of pedicle screw fixation is relatively poor due to fragile bone substance. Currently, augmentation of pedicle screw fixation with bone cement can improve the ability of screw fixation, but bone cement leakage and difficulties in screw removal become the problem to be solved. OBJECTIVE:To develop a novel pourable pedicle bone cement and to investigate its biomechanical properties, safety and practicality, thus providing the basis for clinical treatment of osteoporosis and spinal diseases.
METHODS:Six cases of complete wetting spines were colected at the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2013 to January 2015, including 42 vertebrae. Pedicle screw fixation with X-ray assisted bone cement injection (2 mL) was performed unilateraly as experimental group, and conventional pedicle screw fixation was done contralateraly as control group. Bone cement dispersion was observed in the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:It was 3-4 minutes for bone cement to agglomerate. Injection of bone cement paste into the infusion cylinder using a syringe was more convenient. The cylinder was connected tightly with the tail-end of the screw with no leakage. The push bar could provide sufficient perfusion force. Bone cement dispersion was found in the holow part and side holes of the screw. Side holes arranged regularly, and the hole pitch was equal. Compared with the control group, the yield load and yield displacement were significantly higher in the experimental group (P < 0.05), but the ultimate strength and ultimate displacement were significantly lower in the experimental group (P < 0.05). Bone cement around the pourable cement screw dispersed regularly, which was diffused into the surround cancelous bone and integrated with adjacent bone cement mass. The axial withdrawal force was increased by 114% in the experimental group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The maximum rotary torque was significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (P< 0.05). These finding suggest that the new pourable cement screw combined with bone cement putter and infusion cylinder is applied more convenient, can effectively control the leakage of bone cement, and can improve the stability of the pedicle in osteoporosis patients, which has been widely used.

Objective:To establish the acute rejection model of orthotopic liver transplantation in rat(ROLT) and observe the basic pathophysiologic changes of acute rejection.Methods:The rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group,isotransplantation group(LEW-LEW),and allotransplantation group(LEW-BN).Recipients were sacrificed on 3,5,7,and 10 days postoperatively and liver tissues and blood samples were collected.Recipient survival rate,histopathological and ultrastructural characteristics were observed.ALT,TBIL,and Alb were measured with automatic biochemical analyser.IL-2 content in serum was assayed by ELISA.Results:There was no rejection in isotransplantation from Lewis to Lewis rat resulted and 14-day survival rate reached 100%.The IL-2 concentration in serum was at normal level.On the contrary,all recipients in allotransplantation group from LEW to BN rat died among 14 days postoperatively,and hepatic histological examination showed typical acute rejection on 7 days.Liver function was severely impaired,which was indicated by significant increase of ALT and TBIL levels and apparent decrease of Alb level.The IL-2 concentration in serum was continuously increased and reached its peak value on 7 days postoperatively.Conclusion:An acute rejection experimental model of liver transplantation in rat could be stably established using Lewis rat as donor and BN rat as recipient.

Objective To investigate the effect of S100A4 silencing on tumor related gene COX-2,bcl-2,Surviving,MMP-9 mRNA expressions of pancreatic cancer BxPC-3,AsPC-1 cells,and explore their relationship.Methods Small interfering RNA interfering S100A4 gene (siRNA-S100A4) was applied to transfect human pancreatic cancer BxPC-3,AsPC-1 cells,and nonhomologous siRNA-C was used as negative control,and cells without transfection were used as control group.The expressions of S100A4,COX-2,Survivin,MMP-9,bcl-2 mRNA after interference were detected by using RT-PCR.Results S100A mRNA expressions of BxPC-3's control group,siRNA-C group,siRNA-S100A4 group were 0.661 ± 0.023,0.659 ± 0.043,0.379 ± 0.039,and expressions of COX-2 mRNA were 0.760 ± 0.026,0.830 ± 0.017,0.443 ±0.006,and expressions of Survivin mRNA were 0.948 ± 0.049,0.909± 0.081,0.068 ± 0.006,and expressions of bcl-2 mRNA were 0.462 ±0.018,0.421 ±0.049,0.184 ±0.025,and expressions of MMP-9 mRNA were 0.813 ± 0.008,0.908 ± 0.063,0.246 ± 0.027.S100A mRNA expressions of AsPC-I's control group,siRNA-C group,siRNA-S100A4 group were 0.641 ± 0.042,0.626-± 0.053,0.320 ± 0.081,and expressions of COX-2 mRNA were 0.727 ± 0.021,0.743 ± 0.025,0.560 ± 0.035,and expressions of Survivin mRNA were 0.994 ± 0.032,0.984 ± 0.049,0.063 ± 0.005,and expressions of bcl-2 mRNA were 0.458 ±0.004,0.537 ± 0.046,0.181 ± 0.007; and expressions of MMP-9 mRNA were 0.698 ± 0.011,0.718 ± 0.073,0.199± 0.013.The expressions of S100A,COX-2,Survivin,bcl-2,MMP-9 mRNA in groups with siRNA-S100A4 transfection were significantly lower than those of siRNA-C group and control group (P ＜0.01),but the difference between siRNA-C group and control group was not statistically significant.Conclusions S100A4 plays a role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer through up-regulation of COX-2,Survivin,bcl-2,MMP-9 expressions.

Objective To investigate the siRNA interference of S100A4 mRNA of human pancreatic cancer cell radiosensitivity.Method Cultured human pancreatic BxPC-3,AsPC-1 in vitro,logarithmic phase cells as the experimental object,were divided into three groups:normal control group (without any treatment),negative control group (transfected with negative control fragment),interference group (transfected S100A4 protein fragment siRNA),the chemical synthesis siRNAS100A4 fragment interference of S100A4 mRNA 0,1,2,3,5,7,10 Gy given 6MV X-ray irradiation,the use of clone formation assay,Giemsa stained colony formation rate is calculated and SF2,and the fitting cell survival curve.Results The siRNA interference S100A4 after BxPC-3 cells SF2 value are:the control group 0.68±0.02,negative control group 0.65±0.01.interference group,0.38±0.02,P＜0.05.AsPC-1 cells SF2 value:control group 0.48±The0.02,negative control group 0.47±0.02; interference group:0.37±0.04,P＜0.05.Conclusion siRNA interference S100A4 after increased radiosensitivity of human pancreatic cancer cell lines.

Objective The extremely xerothermic environment of desert easily causes heatstroke and consequently multiple organ damage.Few reports are seen at home and abroad on heatstroke-induced lung injury associated with dry heat of desert.This stud-y explored the changes of the injured lungs in heatstroke rats in xerothermic desert. Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were ran-domly divided into six groups of equal number: mild, moderate and severe heatstroke groups and their corresponding controls.The rats of the three heatstroke groups were exposed to a temperature of 41 ℃and humidity of 10%, while those in the three corresponding control groups to a temperature of 25 ℃ and humidity of 35% for 70, 110 and 145 minutes, respectively.Then all the rats were sacrificed and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BALF) and lung tissues were collected for observation of pathological changes, obtainment of lung in-jury scores, calculation of the wet/dry weight ratio of the lungs, measurement of the total protein level in the BALF, and determination of the malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the lung tissue. Results The mild, moderate and severe heatstroke groups showed re-markable increases compared with the three corresponding control groups in lung injury scores (3.25 ±0.50, 6.50 ±0.58 and 8 ± 0.82 vs 1.25 ±0.50, 1.00 ±0.00 and 1.25 ±0.50), the wet/dry weight ratio of the lungs (3.50 ±0.57, 4.85 ±0.19 and 4.10 ± 0.07 vs 1.78 ±0.66, 1.67 ±0.68 and 1.67 ±0.25), the total protein level in the BALF ([93.51 ±5.54], [141.24 ±6.07] and [160.76 ±6.74] μg/mL vs [42.6 ±8.67], [45.25 ±6.78] and [41.68 ±3.62] μg/mL), and the content of MDA in the lung tis-sue ([1.79 ±0.08], [2.79 ±0.11] and [3.52 ±0.36] nmol/mg prot vs [1.21 ±0.12], [1.20 ±0.12] and [1.28 ±0.19] nmol/mg prot) .The lung injury scores, the total protein level in the BALF, and the content of MDA in the lung tissue were increased with the prolonging of the time of exposure to dry heat, while the wet/dry weight ratio of the lungs was the highest in the moderate heat-stroke group.The lung injury scores were positively correlated with the wet/dry weight ratio of the lungs, the total protein level in the BALF, and the content of MDA in the lung tissue (P<0.01). Conclusion Heatstroke in the xerothermic environment of desert can cause lung injury in rats, which deteriorates with the prolonging of the time of exposure to dry heat.As for the management of such heatstroke, more attention should be paid to the protection against lung injury.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that the well combination of decellularized matrix and appropriate seeded cells could construct a tissue-engineered kidney.OBJECTIVE: To review advances in kidney tissue engineering and decellularized matrix.METHODS: The first author retrieved CNKI, Wanfang and PubMed databases for articles addressing kidney tissue engineering published from January 1996 to April 2016. The key words were decellularized matrix,extracellular matrix,tissue engineering, kidney, seeded cells in English and Chinese,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The decellularized matrix loses its immunogenicity due to the removal of cellular components, while it retains the important bioactive components of the extracellular matrix and the ultrastructure of the tissues and organs, making it more and more important in kidney tissue engineering. The decellularized matrix especially exerts an important role in the tissue-engineered construction of the entire kidney as driven by recently emerging all-organ acellular cell technology. Remarkable advances in kidney tissue engineering and decellularized matrix have been made in recent years, and realized the construction of a certain functional tissue-engineered kidney. However, there are still many challenges on the way to construct a completely functional tissue-engineered kidney.BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that the well combination of decellularized matrix and appropriate seeded cells could construct a tissue-engineered kidney.OBJECTIVE: To review advances in kidney tissue engineering and decellularized matrix.METHODS: The first author retrieved CNKI, Wanfang and PubMed databases for articles addressing kidney tissue engineering published from January 1996 to April 2016. The key words were decellularized matrix,extracellular matrix,tissue engineering, kidney, seeded cells in English and Chinese,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The decellularized matrix loses its immunogenicity due to the removal of cellular components, while it retains the important bioactive components of the extracellular matrix and the ultrastructure of the tissues and organs, making it more and more important in kidney tissue engineering. The decellularized matrix especially exerts an important role in the tissue-engineered construction of the entire kidney as driven by recently emerging all-organ acellular cell technology. Remarkable advances in kidney tissue engineering and decellularized matrix have been made in recent years, and realized the construction of a certain functional tissue-engineered kidney. However, there are still many challenges on the way to construct a completely functional tissue-engineered kidney.

Objective To investigate the effect of rhodiola on severe acute pancreatitis associated renal injury and explore the potential mechanisms.Methods A total of 90 rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (S group,n =18),severe acute pancreatitis with renal injury group (M group,n =18),low rhodiola dose group (3 g/kg,T1 group,n =18),moderate dose rhodiola group (6 g/kg,T2 group,n=18),high rhodiola dose group (9 g/kg,T3 group,n =18).The S and M groups were given 6 g/kg saline through intraperitoneal injection before operation while the T1 group,T2 group and T3 group were given with 3 g/kg,6 g/kg,9 g/kg dose of rhodiola through intraperitoneal injection,respectively.The pancreas was dissected and the head of pancreas was occluded by blood vessel forceps for 3 hours to make rat model.All the rats were sacrificed at 12 h,24 h,36 h after modeling.The level of ascites amylase,serum amylase,creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,interleukin 1β(IL-1β) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were detected and the pathological change of pancreas and the left kidney was observed under light microscope.The serum levels of IL-1β and IL-10 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbert assay (ELISA).Take the right kidney for superoxide dismutase (SOD) determination and the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)mRNA in the right kidney was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results Compared with the S group,the level of serum amylase,creatinine,blood urea nitrogen and IL-1β in M group increased significantly,but the activity of SOD has a significant decline (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with M group,the level of serum amylase,creatinine,blood urea nitrogen and IL-1 β in T2 group has a significant decline,but the activity of SOD,the express of HIF-1α mRNA and IL-10 has a significant increase (P ＜ 0.05).With the dose of rhodiola increased,the renal and pancreatic function in T2 group had a better performance than T1 group,and the difference was statistical significant (P ＜ 0.05).But compared with T2 group,the renal and pancreatic function in T3 group did not increased significantly (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Moderate dose of rhodiola (6 g/kg) has a good protective effect on severe acute pancreatitis associated renal injury.It may be associated with the inhibitory expression of IL-1β,up-regulated expression of IL-10,HIF-1α mRNA,and the increased activity of SOD.So it can then reduce cell apoptosis and renal necrosis,and improve the ability of the kidney to tolerate hypoxia.