Objective To introduce the birth and development of model of end-stage liver disease(MELD) and evaluate its effect on liver transplantation(LT) as a new scoring system.Methods Literatures of MELD applied in LT were analyzed retrospectively.Results MELD scoring system was used for predicting the prognosis of patients with end-stage liver disease and the death risk of candidates on waiting LT extensively and the order of organ sharing was determined by its predicable results.Conclusion MELD has been had a successful initial implementation for predicting the short-term survival probability and mortality in patients with end-stage liver disease,and meeting the goal of providing a system of allocation that emphasizes the urgency of the candidate while diminishing the reliance on waiting time,which has been proven to be a powerful tool for auditing the liver allocation system.

Glucocorticoids(GC) play definite and effective roles in the management of chronic pain,but their toxic and side effects also make them controversial agents.This review discusses various aspects of glucocorticoids including their action mechanism,toxic and side effects,different types of pharmaceuticals and ways of administration.It also ventures some suggestions on rational medication of steroids.

BACKGROUND:Numerous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of core strength training, most of which focus on the adult rather than the elderly.
OBJECTIVE: To review the relevant literatures targeting the elderly with low back pain and to explore the mechanism of core strength training in the treatment of elderly low back pain as wel as different training methods and precautions, in order to provide theoretical basis for treatment of elderly patients with chronic low back pain.
METHODS:Studies on the application of core strength training in the elderly with low back pain were retrospectively reviewed using bibliometrics method. The keywords were “chronic low back pain, core strength training, elderly person” in English and Chinese, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A large number of scholars have focused on the non-pathological therapy for elderly patients with chronic lower back pain. Core strength training for treatment of low back pain is characterized as a simple operation, low cost, significant effectiveness and few side effects, which is basicaly applicable in different groups. Combination of two or more exercise therapies can enhance the core strength training effect. In addition, correct health concept education, psychological and behavioral interventions are necessary to o eliminate the fear of pain and improve patient compliance, thereby increasing the effectiveness of exercise therapy. During the core strength training, we also should pay attention to distinguish the severity of diseases, degree of urgency, stage of disease, age, and individual physical differences, and take targeted exercises.

Objective]This article discussed Professor Xie Jianguo's survival with tumor experience on advanced lung cancer treatment in the last decade. [Methods]To observe Professor Xie Jianguo's survival with tumor experience of advanced lung cancer on the clinical treatment process, and organize related cases, which summarized the unique thoughts of treatment, commonly used empirical prescriptions and demonstrated with typical clinical cases. [Resluts] Professor Xie Jianguo's theoretical guidance on advanced lung cancer treatment, included tumor inhibition, anticancer effect, survival with tumor. Treatment methods, included recruitment of the vital qi, adjusting the internal environment, the phlegm, stasis toxin factors, with rigorous thinking, sophisticated medication. [Conclusion] Professor Xie Jianguo's survival with tumor experience on advanced lung cancer treatment has remarkable significance in guiding clinical treatment.

Objective To explore the status and perioperative management of liver transplantation in treatment of portal hypertension. Methods Clinical data of 56 patients with portal hypertension who underwent (orthotropic) liver transplantation (OLT) from February 2000 to April 2004 were studied retrospectively.(Incidence) of complications,and in-hospital mortality and survival rate were analyzed. Platelet count after OLT was measured and liver blood flow was monitored by Doppler. Results Among the 56 OLT patients, 6 cases(10.7%) underwent simultaneous splenectomy. Incidence of complications was 40.3%,and in-hospital mortality and 1-,2-,and 3- year survival rate after OLT were 12.5% and 87.46%,85.19% and 81.58% respectively. Platelet count reached a nadir at post-transplant day 3. Conclusions OLT is an (effective) method for radical treatment of portal hypertension. Perioperative management is of vital importance for success of the operation and patient′s prognosis.

Joint -Up Community is crucial to the community health services. Joint - Up is an kind of co -operation, but it is neither the co - operation of bureaucracy nor that of the market model. The new relationship of Joint - Up is based neither on responsibility nor on contract, but on equal partnership. It is vital to solve the ethical plight of health services in country.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of pulmonary infection and susceptible factors following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods Clinical data of 128 patients who underwent OLT from Feb. 1999 to Dec. 2004 were studied retrospectively in order to analyze primary pathogens, infectious time and susceptible factors.Results Forty-eight ( 37.5 %) of 128 patients had pulmonary infections and 27 ( 56.3 %) of them developed within postoperative 7 days. Thirty-four ( 70.8 %) cases suffered from mixed infection and 6 ( 12.5 %) died in the hospital after OLT. The primary pathogenic germs included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii/haenolyticus, Golden staphylococcus, Aspergilosis and so on.Conclusion Pulmonary infection can be caused by various pathogens and associated with patients' constitution, mechanical ventilation, immunosuppressive drugs and so on.

BACKGROUND:Scientific and technological literature as the main carrier which displays development of science and technology has been not used to review the research on sports biomechanics, so development of sports biomechanics is restricted. OBJECTIVE:Based on the co-word analysis of high-frequency keywords, to objectively analyze the present situation and development trend of the foreign sports biomechanics by using the multivariate statistical method. METHODS:Based on the colection of international literature on sport biomechanics from Web of Science, we explored the research topics by factor analysis, cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis with the help of co-word analysis and SPSS 20.0. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:International research topics of sports biomechanics mainly include four groups: mechanics of sports injury and sports biomechanics, motor analysis and sports biomechanics, prevention of sports injury and sport biomechanics, sports rehabilitation and sports biomechanics, al of which have been analyzed deeply. Finaly based on the analysis of characteristics of research topics, we make a prospect of sports biomechanics in China in combination with China’s national condition.

Objective To observe the recent effect and influence of Lung Cancer Fang No.1 on immunologic function and serum vessel endothelia growth factor (VEGF), keratoprotein 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) in non-small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC). Methods One hundred non-small cell lung cancer patients were randomized into 52 cases of treatment group on Lung Cancer Fang No.1 and 48 cases of chemotherapy group. The treatment group was treated by Lung Cancer Fang No.1, and the chemotherapy group by GP or TP programme for 2 treatment courses. Immune function indexes, serum VEGF and CYFRA21-1 were determined before and after treatment. Results Efficacy for the treatment group recently was 76.92%, better than 43.75% of the chemotherapy group (P