Objective To investigate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase(Erk) and transcriptional factors such as c-fos,c-jun in B104 CM-induced oligodendrocyte progenitor cells(OPCs) differentiation from neural stem cells(NSCs).Methods The effect of U0126,the specific inhibitor of Erk1/2,on B104 CM-induced OPC differentiation from NSCs was observed by morphology.The phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and mRNA expression of transcriptional factors c-fos,c-jun and c-myc in NSCs in the control group,B104 CM-treated group and U0126 pre-incubated group were detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR methods respectively.Results B104 CM-induced OPC differentiation from NSCs could be blocked by pre-incubation of U0126.Treatment of NSCs with B104 CM produced a rapid increase in phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and an upregulation of c-fos and c-jun mRNA expression,which could be blocked by the pre-incubation of U0126.Conclusion B104 CM instructs oligodendrocyte differentiation from NSCs through the activation of Erk1/2 signal pathway and sequential upregulation of the expression of transcriptional factors c-fos and c-jun.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the cause and mechanic of inflammation reaction induced by medical biomaterials in the body.DATA SOURCE: A computer-based online search of Pubmed database was undertaken to identify the relevant articles published from January 2004 to December 2008 in English with the key words of "biomaterials, inflammation, mechanism".Meanwhile, with Chinese articles were retrieved from CNKI database between January 2005 and December 2008 with the key words of "biomaterials, inflammation, mechanism".DATA SELECTION: Articles concerning the cause and mechanic of inflammation reaction induced by medical biomaterials were included. Articles addressing physical and chemical features and mechanics of medical biomaterials were excluded.MAIN OUTCOME MEASREUS:①After the material implants in vivo, inflammatory cell and material adhering.②Cell factor expression.RESULTS: After initially examined 70 literatures were obtained. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, the reasons and the mechanism related to the medical biological material in host in vivo for causing the inflammation were analyzed. Along with the tissue engineering development, various new high-polymer medicine biological materials with good biological compatibility,the biological activity and the biodegradation absorption function are emerging unceasingly. The biomedicine material was used to repair or substitute damage organization and the organ, and to cause function recovery. The infection was still the serious complication following the medical biological material was implanted. The mechanism of biomedicine material-induced infection is: complement in blood adhere the biological material surface, which causes collection and adherence of integrin-mediated leukocytes, release of cytokines and growth factors from adherent monocytes/macrophages, resulting in the occurrence of biomedicine material-related infection. To prevent the medical biological material-related inflammation, we should first embark from the material itself, and seek for some to respond the small medical material to the host inflammation.CONCLUSION: The success of material implantation depends on the medical biological material relevant inflammation. The production of biomaterial-related inflammation is action results of inflammatory cell, inflammation factor, complement as well as enzyme, oxygen free radical. Material surface microstructure, chemistry and dielectric and so on immediately influence inflammatory cells on material response.

Objective To study the expression of c-cbl protein in ovarian cancer and its effect on proliferation and invasion in ovarian cancer cell .Methods The expression of c-cbl protein in ovarian tissue were detected by immunohistochemical(S-P meth-od) ,the mRNA expression of c-cbl protein in ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells were detected .the proliferation ability and migration in o-varian cancer SKOV3 cells were detected by EdU assay and Transwell assay .Western blot was used to detect the expression of P21 and P53 protein .Results c-cbl was located in the cytoplasm in ovarian cancer tissues .c-cbl showed moderate or strong positive ex-pression in ovarian cancer .In contrast ,it showed weakly positive or negative expression in normal ovarian tissue .c-cbl expressed in-creased significantly in ovarian cancer compared with those of in normal ovarian tissue(P < 0 .05) ;c-cbl expressed was associated with FIGO stage in ovarian cancer(P< 0 .05) ;silence c-cbl expression in ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells decreased the proliferation and invasion(P< 0 .05) .Silence c-cbl expression increased the expression of P21 and P53 protein(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion c-cbl was in-creased expression in ovarian cancer tissues .Silence c-cbl expression may be related to increased expression of P21 and P53 .

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR),a key enzyme in methionine-folic acid metabolism,participates in the synthesis of thymidine monophosphate(TMP) and purine as an indirect donator of methylium.It plays an important role in maintaining the normal level of homocysteine and DNA repair and replication.The MTHFR gene mutation decreases the activity of enzymes,increases the homocysteine level of blood plasma,and induces abnormal DNA methylation and various diseases.This review focuses on the structure and function of the MTHFR gene,its polymorphism and the relationship between its polymorphism and congenital heart disease.

Objective To investigate the effect of sirolimus (SRL) on the expression of integrin ανβ3 mRNA in vascular smooth muscle cells of cardiac allografts in rats, and the possible mechanism of SRL in the prevention of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Methods Heterotopic heart transplantation models were established. Hearts from Wistar rats were heterotopically transplanted to SD rats (allograft) or Wistar rats (isograft). All rats were randomly divided into four groups:SRL group, SRL 1.25 mg/kg every day,oral intubation after cardiac transplantation; cyclosporine (CsA) group,CsA 10mg/kg every day, subcutaneous administration ; isograft group, no immunosuppressant administration;control group, normal hearts of Wistar rats. All of the animals were killed at 60 day after transplantation. Angiostenosis degree was analyzed by Mias system 4.1 after the cardiac tissues were stained with Van Gieson stain. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was used to detect the expression of integrin ανβ3 mRNA in cardiac allografts. The relationship between the expression of integrin ανβ3 mRNA and the area of vascular stenosis was analyzed. ResultsIn control group, there was no thickened vascular intima and no vascular stenosis. In allograft group,the thickness of vascular intima was slightly increased but no vascular stenosis was detected. In CsA group, the vascular intima was obviously thickened, the lumen was narrowed, and some small arteries had obstruction. In SRL group, vascular intima proliferation and angiostenosis degree were obviously milder than in CsA group. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the relative expression of integrin ανβ3 mRNA in CsA and SRL groups was increased significantly as compared with control group and isograft group (2.51±0.43 or 1.17±0.12 vs 0.28±0.08 or 0. 38 ± 0. 05, P＜0. 01). The relative expression of integrin ανβ3 mRNA in SRL group was decreased significantly as compared with CsA group (1.17±0.12 vs 2.51±0.43, P＜0.05). A positive correlation was found between vascular stenosis and the expression of integrin ανβ3 mRNA (r = 0. 654, P＜0. 01) in allografts. Conclusion SRL may down-regulate the expression of integrin ανβ3 mRNA in cardiac allografts in rats, which was probably associated with classic cardiac allograft vasculopathy.

Objective To observe the operative effects of coronary artery fistula. Methods Malformations and operative results of 23 cases with coronary artery fistula were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were 13 cases of fistula of right coronary artery, 9 cases of fistula of left coronary artery, one cases of fistula of two coronary artery; 9 cases of coronary artery fistula opened into right ventricle,6 cases opened into right atrium, 3 cases opened into pulmonary artery, 2 cases opened into the sinus of coronary veins, 2 cases opened into left atrium, 2 cases opened into left ventricle, 3 cases were multiple fistulas. All cases received surgical treatment, excepttion for one cases of multiple fistulas had small residue fistula, the others were better. Conclusion At pressent,the operation treatment is the best method for fistula of coronary artery .

Objective: To study the results of surgical treatment for double outlet ventricle. Methods: The results of 72 cases of double outlet ventricle were retrospectively analyzed. Results: There were 71 cases of double outlet right ventricle, including 64 cases of type SDD, 3 type ILL, 3 type SDL, 1 type IDD. Only one case was double outlet left ventricle type ILD. Surgical procedures included left ventricle-aorta intraventricular tunnel connection in 61 patients, total cava-pulmonary artery connection in 2, left ventricle-aorta intraventricular tunnel and right ventricle-pulmonary artery extracardial tube repaired in 3. Six cases underwent bi-directional Glenn procedure. Two cases died from operation. Residue shunt of VSD was observed in one case and re-operation was done to repair the shunt. There were no long-term death and other complications. Conclusion: It is important to choose the right time and proper procedure. Reconstruction left and right ventricle is the essential factor to the surgical success.

Objective To explore the pertinent communication strategy of health education for parasitic diseases.Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out.Before the health education intervention,the knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)for parasitic diseases of 199 and 250 farmers in two provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan in southwest China were investigated with questionnaire by using the method of PPS.Results Most of the farmers used the simple and crude toilets and their health status were poor,and there were only 7.57% of people having the bio-gas facilities.The awareness rate of the knowledge on malnutrition caused by parasitic diseases was 34.30% and the awareness rate of knowledge about anemia caused by parasitic diseases was 29.62%.There were 81.74% of farmers who believed helminthic drug and 74.61% of people who tended to buy drug by themselves.The health knowledge of the residents mainly came from the interpersonal communication and TV,and the farmers preferred TV,poster and brochure to get the health knowledge.Conclusion The health education with posters,TV and intervention communication is one of the important measures to control parasitic diseases.

Objective To observe the operative outcomes of Marfan's syndrome.Methods Collecting 32 cases of Marfan's syndrome operated in our hospital and analyzing the changes of cardiac function between preoperation and 6～12 months postoperation. Results There were 29 cases of Bentall(replacement of the ascending aortic with flap valve canal) operation, 3 cases of them were Bentall with total aortic arch replacement; two case were replaced the mitral valve in the homochronous operation; 3 cases died from the Bentall operation,other 3 cases were lost to follow up. The size of left ventricle(LV), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) and left ventricular end-systolic volume index(LVESVI) were remarkable improved in postoperation. Conclusions Surgical treatment is an effective way for the cardiovascular lesions of Marfan's syndrome.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of albtrans retinoic acid (atRA)attenuating cardiac allograft vasculopathy and myocardial fibrosis. Methods With inbred Wistar rats as donors and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats as recipients, heterotopic heart transplantation model was rejection group received same doses of cyclosporine A for 60 days. Grafts were removed on the day 60 post-transplant. Paraffin-embedded sections of cardiac allograft were stained with Masson's trichrome and Van Gieson for examination of myocardial fibrosis and vascular stenosis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe CD68 positive cell infiltration. Platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A)mRNA was detected by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The index of fibrosis in chronic rejection group and atRA-treated group was 64. 0 ± 11.9 and 34. 7 ±6. 3 respectively with the significant difference (P<0. 01). Chronic rejection all,grafts showed severe vessel disease. The luminal occlusion index of coronary arteries in chronic rejection group was 62. 9 4± 17. 2, and 40. 1± 8. 2 in atRA-treated group with significant difference (P<0. 01). CD68-positive cell count in atRA-treated group and chronic rejection group was 17. 6 4± 4. 2 and 32. 1 ± 9. 3 with significant difference (P<0. 01). The relative expression levels of PDGF-A mRNA in atRA-treated group and chronic rejection group were 0. 46 ± 0. 08 and 0. 94 4±0. 11 respectively with significant difference (P<0. 01). Conclusion AtRA attenuates cardiac all,graft vasculopathy and myocardial fibrosis. The effects might be induced by inhibition of CD68 positive cell infiltration and PDGF-A mRNA expression.