Pollution has been widely recognized as a serious public health problem,which has a negative effect on many aspects of asthma in childhood.This paper mainly expounds the impact of pollution on asthma in childhood,emphatically introduces the possible mechanisms of pollution on the susceptibility to asthma and disease control.

The current guideline for the diagnosis and optimal management of asthma in children, published in 2008, has played a positive role in promoting the clinical practice level on the management of childhood asthma in China. With the deepening of understanding of the disease, there have been some new technologies on the management of child-hood asthma in recent years. It is necessary to revise the existing guidelines accordingly for better use in clinical practice. This paper puts forward some exploratory points of view on the revision of childhood asthma guideline. The main con-tents are involved in disease diagnosis, monitoring and evaluation, and treatment.

Asthma ; Child ; Humans

Objective To establish mouse allergic asthma model and observe the effect of bacterial lysates (OM-85BV) on airway inlfammation. Methods Forty-eight 4 to 6 weeks healthy male BALB/c mice were used as research subjects and randomly divided into six groups, a:control group;b:OM-85BV contral group;c:allergic asthma model;d:dexamethasone group (Dex group);e:OM-85BV A group;f:OM-85BV B group (the intervention time was prolonged 10 days than group e). BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). Mice in groups c, d, e and f were intraperitoneally administered with antigen (OVA)-Al(OH)3 on days 1, 8 and 15, others were administered by PBS. From the 17th day to the 26th day, Mice in group f were treated with OM-85BV and others were treated with normal saline. In the next days, mice in groups c, d, e and f were intranasal given OVA for 5 consecutive days. Additionally, mice in groups b, e and f were treated with OM-85BV before challenge, while mice in the group d were administered by Dex, others were treated with normal saline at the same dose. Twenty four hours after the last intranasal administration, mice were anesthetized and dissected. Lungs were lavaged with PBS and bronchoalveolar lavage lfuid (BALF) was obtained. The total inlfammatory cells and eosinophils in BALF were counted. The total IgE levels of blood serum and IFN-γ/IL-4 levels of lavage were detected. The removed parts of lung tissue were collected for histological examination. Results Compared with groups a and b, lung tissue biopsies by HE staining from the asthma group showed obvious airway inlfammation. The situation of groups d and f was signiifcantly improved than group c, while the differences between groups e and c were not evident. Total cells and the number of eosinophils in BALF of group c (90.3±13.94×104/ml) were signiifcantly higher than that in groups a and b. Compared with the control group, levels of IL-4 in BALF (119.03±19.92 pg/ml) and IgE in serum (15.86±1.97 ng/ml) increased and levels of IFN-γin BALF (90.50±13.51 pg/ml) reduced signiifcantly. The corresponding levels of groups d, e and f were signiifcantly improved than group c (P<0.01). Conclusions Administered by OM-85BV helps regulate the balance between Th1/Th2 in asthmatic mice, reduce airway inlfammation, and prevent the occurrence and development of airway inlfammation.

Object To explore the relationship of 25 (OH) D levels in cord and maternal peripheral blood to understand the maternal and neonatal vitamin D status in Songjiang District of Shanghai. Methods One hundred newborns delivered at the First People’s Hospital afifliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University and 20 pregnant women during November 2010 to January 2011 in Songjiang district were enrolled in the study. The levels of 25 (OH) D in cord and maternal blood were measured by ELISA and compared. Results Mean materna1 serum levels of 25 (OH) D was (23.42±5.23) nmol/L, and cord blood 25 (OH) D was (29.77±12.51) nmol/L. Maternal serum 25 (OH) D was positively correlated with cord blood 25 (OH) D (r=0.84, P<0.001). Conclusions This study shows that the prevalence of vitamin D deifciency in pregnant women is high in Shanghai Songjiang District, which could have adverse effects on newbowns.

Objective To discuss the effects of bacteria lysates (OM-85BV),1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2-VitD3],two immune regulators on airway inflammation in asthmatic mice models,and its pathways of action on airway inflammation were discussed.Methods Forty male BALB/c mice graded 4-6 weeks were randomly divided into 5 groups.Group A:control group;group B:asthmatic model group;group C:1,25-(OH)2-VitD3 group;group D:OM-85BV group;group E:combination group.On days 0 to 14,mice in C,D and E groups were given 1,25-(OH)2-VitD3,OM-85BV and 1,25-(OH)2-VitD3 + OM-85 BV,and mice in A,B groups were given 9 g/L saline instead.On days 15,22 and 29,mice in B,C,D,E groups were intraperitoneally with injection of ovalbumin(OVA)-aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3].Group A were given 9 g/L saline instead.On days 36 to 40,mice of B,C,D,E groups were given an aerosol challenge of 10 g/L OVA for 0.5 h once a day.Mice in the control group were given the same amount of 9 g/L saline.Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the final inhalational challenge,and for the recovered bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) of the left lung was used for differential inflammatory cell counts and for detecting the level of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17).Right lung samples were used for pathological investigation and detecting the expression of the IL-17 mRNA and RORγt mRNA by real time-PCR.Results Compared with the control group,the asthma models expressed more serious expression in bronchospasm contraction,hyperplasia disorders of bronchial epithelial cells,infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung,and so on.Compared with the control group,the total number of inflammatory cells counts[(104.04 ±5.51) 107/L vs (22.79 ± 1.91) 107/L] and eosinophils proportion [(37.63 ± 3.64) ％ vs (2.37 ± 1.55) ％] in BALF in group B were significantly increased (all P ＜ 0.05),the levels of IL-17 [(85.13 ± 5.77) 103 pg/L vs (47.44 ± 4.57) 103 pg/L] in BALF were significantly higher(P ＜ 0.05),the relative expressions of IL-17 mRNA (13.68 ± 1.59 vs 1.00 ± 0.00) and RORγt mRNA (4.53 ± 0.51 vs 1.00 ± 0.00) in lung were higher,which had a statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05).The situations of group C,D,E were obviously improved compared with group B,and those of group D were improved remarkably.Conclusions Oral OM-85BV and 1,25-(OH)2-VitD3 intervention could relieve the airway inflammation of asthmatic mice models,and its effect can be remarkable by oral OM-85BV.The two immune regulators could relieve the degree of airway inflammation on asthmatic mice models by reducing the expression of Th17 cells differentiation.Therefore the two immune regulators could be the choices for preventing the happening and the development of the asthmatic airway inflammation.

0.05). Propofol increased laser durations of mice in a dose-dependent manner in group P2 and group P3 (P0.05). Compared to group STP2 and group STP3,the laser duration of mice in group P1 and gourp P3 were prolonged (P0.05). Conelusion:PropofoI at subhypnotic doses may have effective analgesic effect to CO, laser induced-pain in a dose-dependent manner.

0.05). The pressure on the first molar from cheek was higher than that from tongue( P

AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effect of tea polyphenols (TP) on cationic bovine serum albumin (C BSA) glomerulonephritis. METHODS: C BSA glomerulonephritic model was induced in rabbits. TP in three different doses (30, 100 and 300 mg?kg -1 ) was administered (ig) once daily for 14 days. RESULTS: TP not only significantly reduced the urinary protein excretion, decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and plasma creatinine (Cr) levels, but also significantly relieved gloermular lesions in the rabbits treated and there was a significant dose dependent relationship between high dosage (300 mg?kg -1 ) and low dosage ( 30 mg?kg -1 ). CONCLUSION: TP can reduce proteinuria, suppress the development of glomerular impairments, and ameliorate the kidney function of rabbits with C BSA glomerulonephritis.

Objective To investigate the change and correlation between hard-tissue and soft-tissue in patients with class III malocclusion after premolar extraction treatment. Methods Thirty-four adult patients with skeletal classⅢmalocclusion who met the including criteria were included in this retrospective study. The lateral cephalographs were traced and analysed before and after the treatment. Results After orthodontic treatment,the values of long axis of upper incisors and S-N angle (U1-SN) and long axis of lower incisors-mandibular plane (L1-MP) were decreased, and the angle of man-dibular plane (MP-FH) was increased (P<0.01). The SL line was used as a reference, the protrusion of upper incisor (UI-SL) and upper lips (UL-SL) was decreased, and the protrusion of lower incisors (LI-SL) and lower lips (LL-SL) was also de-creased after orthodontic treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the relevant measurements of chin. The retraction of upper incisor (△UL-SL) was the only measurement that was positively correlated with upper lip re-traction (△UI-SL). The retraction of upper incisor (△UI-SL) and lower incisor (△LI-SL) were positively correlated with the lower lip retraction (△LL-SL). There was a positive correlation between△UI-SL and△LL-SL. Conclusion The soft-tissue profile improved significantly after four premolars extraction. The change of soft-tissue profile was moderate correlated with hard-tissue.