Neuropathic pain and cancer pain are two difficult types of chronic pain to be controlled by currently available analgesics.Animal models can provide pivotal systems for preclinical study of pain.This article reviews some new models of chronic pain,such as those of cancer pain,central nerve pain,and the pain caused by peripheral nerve injury and disease-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Objective To investigate the relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and idiopathic pulmonary embolism.Methods Clinical data of 34 patients with idiopathic pulmonary embolism from January 2005 to March 2011 were enrolled and healthy people with gender,age and basic diseasematched at the same period were selected as control.The venous blood samples of all the subjects were taken at 7:00 am after 10 hours of fasting and analyzed for total cholesterol (TC),lower-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).Results Compared with healthy people,patients had reduced HDL-C level with a statistical significance ( ( 1.10 ± 0.28 ) mmol/L vs ( 1.49 ± 0.35 ) mmol/L,t =- 5.427,P ＜ 0.05 ).However,no statistically significant differences were found in the levels of TC and LDL- C (P ＞ 0.05 ).HDL-C was correlated with idiopathic pulmonary embolism( r =0.284,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion The levels of HDL-C,but not TC or LDL-C,might be associated with the idiopathic pulmonary embolism.

In order to reconstruct a bone defect as a result of a complete excision of osteofibromatosis with pathological fracture of an extremity, free transplantation of double vascularized long fibula segments was performed in 4 cases of osteofibroas hyperplasia with fracture. After a follow up of 1～2years, the grafted fibula attained a good bony union, and the limbs regained normal length and function. This seems to be an ideal way to repair huge bone defects as a result of excision of bone tumor of extremities.

Objective This paper aims to assess the clinical efficacy of pemetrexed maintenance therapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer( NSCLC) through Meta analysis.Me thods Systematic lit-erature searches were performed in Cochrane、Pubmed,Web of science, Embase and ClinicalTrials databases.The related references had been traced.We made quality assessment of qualified randomized controlled trials( RCTs) of pemetrexed maintenance therapy compared with best supportive care( BSC) in advanced NSCLC.Besides,we u-tilized stata 12.0,Revman 5.3 and GRADEpro software to evaluate the overall quality of the evidence,according to the Cochrane collaboration to perform Meta-analysis.Resutl s Three RCTs were eligible and included 1257 patients.Meta-analysis results suggested that:compared to BSC,pemetrexed maintenance therapy had a statisti-cally significant benefit in improving progression-free survival(PFS)(HR =0.55,95% CI:0.48~0.64)and overall survival(HR=0.76,95%CI:0.65~0.88).The objective response(ORR)did not reach statistical signif-icance(RR=0.97,95%CI:0.86~1.10).Conclusion Compared with BSC,pemetrexed maintenance therapy statistically significantly improve PFS and OS,but has no demonstrable impact on ORR in patients with advanced NSCLC.

Objective To explore the image features of multilocular cystic nephroma and its correlative differential diagnosis. Methods Eight cases of multilocular cystic nephroma were retrospectively analyzed by comparing the imaging findings with surgical and pathological results. Results In all 8 cases, multilocular cystic nephromas were unilateral and circumscribed by thick capsules. These lesions ranged in diameter from 2. 5 cm to 7. 5 cm. The lesions were entirely composed of locules and septa without solid nodules. These locules did not communicate with each other. The septa of these lesions were clear in 2 cases, partly clear in 4 cases, and not very clear in 2 cases. All lesions were better detected on enhanced scans than on non-enhanced ones. Four of 8 cases also underwent MR scan, which presented low signal intensity on T1WI and high signal intensity on T2WI. The Interlocular septa was demonstrated much better with MM than with CT. Histopathology proved that the capsule and septa of the lesions were lined by cuboidal or flattened epithelial cells. Conclusion Multilocular cystic nephroma is a rare disease of the kidney. CT and MRI scanning are valuable in the diagnosis of multilocular cystic nephroma, but the imaging features are not specific enough to differentiate benign multilocular cystic nephroma from multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma.

Objective To establish mouse allergic asthma model and observe the effect of bacterial lysates (OM-85BV) on airway inlfammation. Methods Forty-eight 4 to 6 weeks healthy male BALB/c mice were used as research subjects and randomly divided into six groups, a:control group;b:OM-85BV contral group;c:allergic asthma model;d:dexamethasone group (Dex group);e:OM-85BV A group;f:OM-85BV B group (the intervention time was prolonged 10 days than group e). BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). Mice in groups c, d, e and f were intraperitoneally administered with antigen (OVA)-Al(OH)3 on days 1, 8 and 15, others were administered by PBS. From the 17th day to the 26th day, Mice in group f were treated with OM-85BV and others were treated with normal saline. In the next days, mice in groups c, d, e and f were intranasal given OVA for 5 consecutive days. Additionally, mice in groups b, e and f were treated with OM-85BV before challenge, while mice in the group d were administered by Dex, others were treated with normal saline at the same dose. Twenty four hours after the last intranasal administration, mice were anesthetized and dissected. Lungs were lavaged with PBS and bronchoalveolar lavage lfuid (BALF) was obtained. The total inlfammatory cells and eosinophils in BALF were counted. The total IgE levels of blood serum and IFN-γ/IL-4 levels of lavage were detected. The removed parts of lung tissue were collected for histological examination. Results Compared with groups a and b, lung tissue biopsies by HE staining from the asthma group showed obvious airway inlfammation. The situation of groups d and f was signiifcantly improved than group c, while the differences between groups e and c were not evident. Total cells and the number of eosinophils in BALF of group c (90.3±13.94×104/ml) were signiifcantly higher than that in groups a and b. Compared with the control group, levels of IL-4 in BALF (119.03±19.92 pg/ml) and IgE in serum (15.86±1.97 ng/ml) increased and levels of IFN-γin BALF (90.50±13.51 pg/ml) reduced signiifcantly. The corresponding levels of groups d, e and f were signiifcantly improved than group c (P<0.01). Conclusions Administered by OM-85BV helps regulate the balance between Th1/Th2 in asthmatic mice, reduce airway inlfammation, and prevent the occurrence and development of airway inlfammation.

Object To explore the relationship of 25 (OH) D levels in cord and maternal peripheral blood to understand the maternal and neonatal vitamin D status in Songjiang District of Shanghai. Methods One hundred newborns delivered at the First People’s Hospital afifliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University and 20 pregnant women during November 2010 to January 2011 in Songjiang district were enrolled in the study. The levels of 25 (OH) D in cord and maternal blood were measured by ELISA and compared. Results Mean materna1 serum levels of 25 (OH) D was (23.42±5.23) nmol/L, and cord blood 25 (OH) D was (29.77±12.51) nmol/L. Maternal serum 25 (OH) D was positively correlated with cord blood 25 (OH) D (r=0.84, P<0.001). Conclusions This study shows that the prevalence of vitamin D deifciency in pregnant women is high in Shanghai Songjiang District, which could have adverse effects on newbowns.

Objective To discuss the effects of bacteria lysates (OM-85BV),1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2-VitD3],two immune regulators on airway inflammation in asthmatic mice models,and its pathways of action on airway inflammation were discussed.Methods Forty male BALB/c mice graded 4-6 weeks were randomly divided into 5 groups.Group A:control group;group B:asthmatic model group;group C:1,25-(OH)2-VitD3 group;group D:OM-85BV group;group E:combination group.On days 0 to 14,mice in C,D and E groups were given 1,25-(OH)2-VitD3,OM-85BV and 1,25-(OH)2-VitD3 + OM-85 BV,and mice in A,B groups were given 9 g/L saline instead.On days 15,22 and 29,mice in B,C,D,E groups were intraperitoneally with injection of ovalbumin(OVA)-aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3].Group A were given 9 g/L saline instead.On days 36 to 40,mice of B,C,D,E groups were given an aerosol challenge of 10 g/L OVA for 0.5 h once a day.Mice in the control group were given the same amount of 9 g/L saline.Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the final inhalational challenge,and for the recovered bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) of the left lung was used for differential inflammatory cell counts and for detecting the level of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17).Right lung samples were used for pathological investigation and detecting the expression of the IL-17 mRNA and RORγt mRNA by real time-PCR.Results Compared with the control group,the asthma models expressed more serious expression in bronchospasm contraction,hyperplasia disorders of bronchial epithelial cells,infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung,and so on.Compared with the control group,the total number of inflammatory cells counts[(104.04 ±5.51) 107/L vs (22.79 ± 1.91) 107/L] and eosinophils proportion [(37.63 ± 3.64) ％ vs (2.37 ± 1.55) ％] in BALF in group B were significantly increased (all P ＜ 0.05),the levels of IL-17 [(85.13 ± 5.77) 103 pg/L vs (47.44 ± 4.57) 103 pg/L] in BALF were significantly higher(P ＜ 0.05),the relative expressions of IL-17 mRNA (13.68 ± 1.59 vs 1.00 ± 0.00) and RORγt mRNA (4.53 ± 0.51 vs 1.00 ± 0.00) in lung were higher,which had a statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05).The situations of group C,D,E were obviously improved compared with group B,and those of group D were improved remarkably.Conclusions Oral OM-85BV and 1,25-(OH)2-VitD3 intervention could relieve the airway inflammation of asthmatic mice models,and its effect can be remarkable by oral OM-85BV.The two immune regulators could relieve the degree of airway inflammation on asthmatic mice models by reducing the expression of Th17 cells differentiation.Therefore the two immune regulators could be the choices for preventing the happening and the development of the asthmatic airway inflammation.

Objective To study the embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of monocrotophos in mice.Methods Sixty pregnant Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups,15 in each:three groups were exposed to the monocrotophos at the doses of 0.05,0.10 and 0.20 mg/kg,10 ml/kg through gavage,during the period of organ formation(from 7th day to 16th day),once a day and the control group to distilled water.The pregnant mice were weighted in day of 0,6,12,18,and 20,and were sacrificed on 20th day of pregnancy.The numbers of living,dead and absorbed fetus were counted,and the uterus and placenta were weighted.The deformity examination was conducted.Results The maternal body weight of exposure groups were lower than those of control group in 12,18 and 20 day of pregnancy.With the increased doses of monocrotophos,the weights of pregnant mice showed a downward trend.Compared with the control group,the rates of dead fetus and absorbed fetus increased significantly,and the rates of living fetus,the fetal body weight and body length,tail length and placental weight decreased significantly(P

Objective To investigate the prevention and countermeasures of complications following laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) in aged patients.Methods The study was based on a retrospective view of clinical date of 182 aged patients(60～85 years old) who had been treated with LC from January 2000 to October 2006 in this hospital.Co-morbidities existed in 87 patients.The operation was performed under general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation,by using 3-port technique in 137 patients and 4-port technique in 45 patients. Results The LC was successfully completed in 174 patients,with an operation time of 30～100 min and a postoperative hospital stay of 3～10 d.Conversions to open surgery were required in 8 patients due to a difficult dissection(6 patients) or a diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma(2 patients).No death or serious complications occurred.There were 3 patients with port-site infection and 2 patients with pulmonary infection.Follow-up observations in the patients for 3～12 months revealed no abdominal pain,fever,or jaundice.Conclusions Strictly following indications, properly treating the accompanying diseases,and promptly converting to open surgery are key factors to prevent and reduce complications of LC in aged patients.