OBJECTIVE:To explore the use of antibiotics in the department of respiratory diseases and pediatric outpatient department after the introduction of initiative intervention stragety on the rational use.METHODS:A field investigation was carried out on the international RDU index of antibiotics in the department of respiratory diseases and pediatric outpatient department by self-control test.Initiative intervention on physicians' prescribing practices was carried out at four stages:befter intervention,following first intervention,second intervention,and third intervention,respectively.Data statistics was analyzed by SPSS11.0 software.RESULTS:The percentages of patients treated with antibiotics and injcetable antibiotics in the department of respiratory diseases dropped from 61.6% and 19.2% before intervention to 30.0% and 14.0% after third intervention(P