Objective: To investigate the status of latent tuberculosis infection（LTBI）among freshmen in middle schools and their willingness of preventive treatment in Yunyan District of Guiyang, so as to provide a reference for the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools. Methods: The tuberculin skin test (TST) and X-ray scans were used to screen the TB infection of 13 915 freshmen in middle schools in Yunyan District of Guiyang in 2023, and a questionnaire survey on the willingness of accepting tuberculosis preventive treatment was conducted to LTBI patients. The χ 2 test and Fisher exact probability was conducted for the comparison of the rates among the groups. Results: Among the freshmen screened, the detection rate of LTBI was 3.29%. There were statistically significant difference in LTBI rates among freshmen of different genders (boys:2.87%, girls:3.81%), age groups (12-15 years old:3.31%, 16-17 years old:3.92%, 18-20 years old:1.91%), and school stages (junior high school:3.52%, ordinary high school:5.96%, vocational high school:2.29%)（ χ 2=9.59, 13.08, 54.30, P ＜0.01). A total of 356 LTBI freshmen completed questionnaire survey,and 299(83.99%) were willing to accept tuberculosis preventive treatment, but the actual number of LIBI freshman who underwent preventive treatment was zero. Those LTBI who had received Bacille Calmette Guérin(BCG) vaccine(86.97%) was higher in the reporting rates of being willing to accept preventive treatment than that of LTBI who had not received BCG vaccine( 75.79 %),the differences were statistically significant( χ 2=6.48， P <0.05). The main reasons for refusing preventive treatment was worry about adverse drug reactions(80.70%), social acceptance and the support of social institutions were needed most(85.96%). Conclusions The LTBI rate among freshmen in Yunyan District of GuiYang is higher. Although the freshmen with LTBI have a higher willingness to accept preventive treatment, however, no one has undergone preventive treatment. Corresponding measures need to be taken for improving the preventive treatment rate of LIBI freshmen.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the therapeutic mechanism of Flos Sophorae (FS) for treatment of psoriasis. METHODS: The active ingredients, targets and psoriasis-related disease targets of FS were obtained from TCMSP, GeneCards, OMIM, DisGeNET and String databases, and Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to construct the "FS -active ingredient-key target-signaling pathway-psoriasis" network. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the key targets were conducted, and molecular docking was performed using Discovery Studio 2019. In a BALB/c mouse model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis, the effects of vaseline, FS at high, medium and low doses (3.00, 1.50 and 0.75 g/kg, respectively) and a positive drug, given 1 week before and during modeling, were evaluated on body weight changes, spleen coefficient, psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score and skin pathological changes. Phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT proteins were detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS: A total of 10 active components and 110 key targets were screened. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that FS improved psoriasis primarily through the PI3K/AKT, TNF, and IL-17 signaling pathways. Molecular docking showed that both quercetin and kaempferol could spontaneously bind to AKT1, TNF and other sites. In the mouse model of psoriasis, treatment with low-dose FS significantly improved epidermal thickening, increased body weight, lowered PASI score, and reduced phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT proteins. CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic mechanism of FS for psoriasis involves multiple components, targets, and pathways that mediate the inhibition of the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT proteins to suppress the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Animals ; Psoriasis/metabolism* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Mice ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Imiquimod ; Phosphorylation

In recent years, the spread of clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae infection has seriously affected the yield and quality of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.. The cascade of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), a highly conserved signaling pathway, plays an important role in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. To mine the MAPK genes related to clubroot disease resistance in B. juncea, we conducted a genome-wide analysis on this vegetable, and we analyzed the phylogenetic evolution and gene structure of the MAPK gene family in mustard. The 66 BjuMAPK genes identified by screening the whole genome sequence of B. juncea were unevenly distributed on 17 chromosomes. At the genomic scale, tandem repeats led to an increase in the number of MAPK genes in B. juncea. It was found that members of the same subfamily had similar gene structures, and there were great differences among different subfamilies. These predicted cis-acting elements were related to plant hormones, stress resistance, and plant growth and development. The expression of BjuMAPK02, BjuMAPK15, BjuMAPK17, and BjuMAPK19 were down-regulated or up-regulated in response to P. brassicae infection. The above results lay a theoretical foundation for further studying the functions of BjuMAPK genes in B. juncea in response to the biotic stress caused by clubroot disease.
Mustard Plant/parasitology* ; Plasmodiophorida/pathogenicity* ; Plant Diseases/genetics* ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; Disease Resistance/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genome, Plant ; Plant Proteins/genetics*

OBJECTIVE To provide standardized whole-process guidance on drug traceability codes for medical institutions in Sichuan province， ensuring medication safety and compliance with medical insurance supervision requirements. METHODS Based on evidence-based principles and expert consensus， Expert Consensus on Whole-process Management of Drug Traceability Codes in Medical Institutions of Sichuan Province （hereinafter referred to as the Consensus） was formulated through systematic literature review， field investigations， establishment of a multidisciplinary expert committee and multiple rounds of questionnare consultation via the modified Delphi method， and finalized through consensus meetings. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The Consensus clarifies key operating procedures for code verification， code assignment and code return， whole-process operational standards for drug warehouse acceptance and storage， drug warehouse outbound delivery and pharmacy acceptance check， drug distribution and dispensing in pharmacy and intravenous admixture center， medication administration in nursing units and examination departments， as well as drug return process. Key recommendations are proposed such as improving the core functions of the drug traceability system， unifying the hospital-wide traceability code database， strengthening the management of traceability codes for backup medications， establishing a management organization and institutional framework， and optimizing the architectural design and data governance requirements of the drug traceability system. The release of the Consensus will provide scientific， standardized and implementable practical guidelines for medical institutions of Sichuan province， helping to improve closed-loop management of the drug traceability system， strengthen medication safety and fulfil medical insurance fund supervision.

Objective:To explore the clinical effectiveness of high-frequency color Doppler ultrasound (HFCDU) assisted harvest of radial artery perforator-pedicled lateral forearm neurocutaneous vascular flap to repair soft tissue defect below the elbow.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data of patients who underwent repair of soft tissue defects below the elbow using the radial artery perforator-pedicled lateral forearm neurocutaneous vascular flap at the Second Hospital of Tangshan from January 2016 to June 2021. Prior to the surgery, HFCDU was utilized to identify and measure the course of the lateral forearm cutaneous nerve and the perforating branch of the radial artery surrounding the wound. Subsequently, the flap rotation point, axis, and area were meticulously designed. During the surgical procedure, the skin flap was harvested either through a subcutaneous tunnel or by direct transfer, while the nerve stump at the defect site was anastomosed end-to-end with the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm contained in the skin flap. After reducing the wound at the donor site, it was either directly sutured or repaired using a medium-thick skin graft harvested from the thigh. After surgery, the survival of the skin flap, wound healing at the donor site, and the survival of the skin graft were observed. At the last follow-up, the static two-point discrimination of the flap was measured, and patient satisfaction with the appearance of the flap was assessed using the Michigan hand outcomes questionnaire(MHQ). This questionnaire categorized satisfaction into five levels: very dissatisfied (1 point), dissatisfied (2 points), fair (3 points), satisfied (4 points), and very satisfied (5 points). The scar condition of the donor site was evaluated according to the Vancouver scar scale (VSS), which scored from 0 to 15 points, with higher scores indicating more severe scarring. Descriptive analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 27.0 software.Results:A total of 33 patients were included in the study, comprising 20 males and 13 females, with an average age of (41.0±11.7) years (range, 23-65 years). The defect locations included 6 forearms, 9 wrists, and 18 hands, with all patients having exposed bones and (or) tendons. The defect area ranged from 3.0 cm × 2.5 cm to 12.0 cm × 5.0 cm. The detection result of cutaneous nerves and perforating blood vessels using HFCDU were consistent with the actual findings during surgery, showing no discrepancies. The area of the skin flaps ranged from 3.5 cm × 3.0 cm to 13.0 cm × 6.0 cm. All 33 skin flaps survived postoperatively, with good blood supply and no infections reported; the wounds at the donor site healed primarily, and all grafted skin survived. The duration of postoperative follow-up was (15.6±2.9) months (range, 10-24 months), and the patients’ static two-point discrimination of the flap was measured at (12.5±3.3) mm (range, 8-20 mm). The result of the MHQ indicated that 23 patients were very satisfied with the appearance of the flap (5 points), while 10 patients were satisfied (4 points). The VSS score for the donor site was (4.3±0.9) points (range, 3-6 points), indicating that the scar at the donor site was mild.Conclusion:HFCDU can accurately identify the lateral forearm cutaneous nerve and the perforating branch of the radial artery.The radial artery perforator-pedicled lateral forearm neurocutaneous vascular flap can provide a reliable blood supply, good appearance, sense and patient satisfaction, which is suitable for repairing soft tissue defects below the elbow.

Objective To investigate the effect of Yigong San(YGS)on learning and memory abilities of rats with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced cognitive decline and explore its possible mechanism in light of intestinal microbiota.Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,donepezil(1.3 mg/kg)group,and high-dose(5.25 g/kg)and low-dose(2.63 g/kg)YGS treatment groups.After 24 days of treatment with the corresponding drugs or water by gavage,the rats in the latter 4 groups received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS(0.5 mg/kg)to establish models of Alzheimer's disease(AD).Water maze test and HE staining were used to evaluate the changes in learning and memory abilities and pathomorphology of the hippocampus.The changes in gut microbial species of the rats were analyzed with 16S rRNA sequencing,and the levels of IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1β in the brain tissue and serum were detected using ELISA.Results Compared with the AD model group,the YGS-treated rats showed significantly shortened escape latency on day 5 after modeling,reduced neuronal degeneration and necrosis in the hippocampus,lowered pathological score of cell damage,and decreased levels IL-6,TNF-α and IL-1β in the brain tissue and serum.The YGS-treated rats showed also obvious reduction of Alpha diversity indicators(ACE and Chao1)of intestinal microbiota with significantly increased abundance of Prevotellaceae species at the family level and decreased abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae,which were involved in such metabolic signaling pathways as cell community prokaryotes,membrane transport,and energy metabolism.Conclusion YGS improves learning and memory abilities and hippocampal pathomorphology in AD rat models possibly by regulating the abundance of intestinal microbial species such as Prevotellaceae to affect the metabolic pathways for signal transduction,cofactors,and vitamin metabolism.

Objective To explore the mechanism by which Yigong San(YGS)improves learning and memory abilities of APP/PS1 transgenic mice in light of cerebral fluid metabolism regulation.Methods Three-month-old male APP/PS1 transgenic mice and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were both randomized into control group,model group,donepezil(1.67 mg/kg)group,and YGS(7.5 g/kg)group and received the corresponding treatments via gavage once daily for one month.After the treatments,the mice were assessed for learning and memory functions using Morris water maze test and examined for hippocampal and cortical pathologies and amyloid plaques using HE,immunohistochemical and thioflavin S staining;ELISA and Evans blue method were used for detecting Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels in the brain tissue and serum and assessing blood-brain barrier(BBB)integrity.Immunofluorescence colocalization was used to investigate AQP4 polarization on astrocytes.Western blotting was performed to detect the expressions of VE-cadherin,ZO-1,occludin,β-amyloid precursor protein(APP),BACE1,insulin-degrading enzyme(IDE),LRP1,RAGE,and AQP4 proteins.Results Compared with the control mice,APP/PS1 mice showed significant impairment of learning and memory abilities,increased degeneration or necrosis of hippocampal and cortical neurons,pathological scores,Aβ-positive plaques,elevated Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels in the brain tissue and serum,increased BBB permeability,upregulated RAGE expression,lowered expressions of VE-cadherin,LRP1,ZO-1,occludin,and AQP4 proteins,and reduced AQP4-expressing GFAP-positive cells.YGS treatment significantly improved the performance of the transgenic mice in Morris water maze test,reduced hippocampal and cortical pathologies and Aβ-positive plaques,and ameliorated the abnormal changes in Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels,BBB permeability,protein expressions of RAGE,VE-cadherin,LRP1,ZO-1,occludin and AQP4,and the number of AQP4-expressing GFAP-positive cells.Conclusion YGS improves learning and memory changes in APP/PS1 mice by ameliorating neuronal damage and Aβ pathology in the brain and regulating brain fluid metabolism.

Objective:To explore the clinical effectiveness of high-frequency color Doppler ultrasound (HFCDU) assisted harvest of radial artery perforator-pedicled lateral forearm neurocutaneous vascular flap to repair soft tissue defect below the elbow.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data of patients who underwent repair of soft tissue defects below the elbow using the radial artery perforator-pedicled lateral forearm neurocutaneous vascular flap at the Second Hospital of Tangshan from January 2016 to June 2021. Prior to the surgery, HFCDU was utilized to identify and measure the course of the lateral forearm cutaneous nerve and the perforating branch of the radial artery surrounding the wound. Subsequently, the flap rotation point, axis, and area were meticulously designed. During the surgical procedure, the skin flap was harvested either through a subcutaneous tunnel or by direct transfer, while the nerve stump at the defect site was anastomosed end-to-end with the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm contained in the skin flap. After reducing the wound at the donor site, it was either directly sutured or repaired using a medium-thick skin graft harvested from the thigh. After surgery, the survival of the skin flap, wound healing at the donor site, and the survival of the skin graft were observed. At the last follow-up, the static two-point discrimination of the flap was measured, and patient satisfaction with the appearance of the flap was assessed using the Michigan hand outcomes questionnaire(MHQ). This questionnaire categorized satisfaction into five levels: very dissatisfied (1 point), dissatisfied (2 points), fair (3 points), satisfied (4 points), and very satisfied (5 points). The scar condition of the donor site was evaluated according to the Vancouver scar scale (VSS), which scored from 0 to 15 points, with higher scores indicating more severe scarring. Descriptive analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 27.0 software.Results:A total of 33 patients were included in the study, comprising 20 males and 13 females, with an average age of (41.0±11.7) years (range, 23-65 years). The defect locations included 6 forearms, 9 wrists, and 18 hands, with all patients having exposed bones and (or) tendons. The defect area ranged from 3.0 cm × 2.5 cm to 12.0 cm × 5.0 cm. The detection result of cutaneous nerves and perforating blood vessels using HFCDU were consistent with the actual findings during surgery, showing no discrepancies. The area of the skin flaps ranged from 3.5 cm × 3.0 cm to 13.0 cm × 6.0 cm. All 33 skin flaps survived postoperatively, with good blood supply and no infections reported; the wounds at the donor site healed primarily, and all grafted skin survived. The duration of postoperative follow-up was (15.6±2.9) months (range, 10-24 months), and the patients’ static two-point discrimination of the flap was measured at (12.5±3.3) mm (range, 8-20 mm). The result of the MHQ indicated that 23 patients were very satisfied with the appearance of the flap (5 points), while 10 patients were satisfied (4 points). The VSS score for the donor site was (4.3±0.9) points (range, 3-6 points), indicating that the scar at the donor site was mild.Conclusion:HFCDU can accurately identify the lateral forearm cutaneous nerve and the perforating branch of the radial artery.The radial artery perforator-pedicled lateral forearm neurocutaneous vascular flap can provide a reliable blood supply, good appearance, sense and patient satisfaction, which is suitable for repairing soft tissue defects below the elbow.

Body fluid refers to all normal fluids in the human body,which are the basic substances that constitute human tissues and organs.It is also an essential foundation for maintaining normal life activities of the body.Its abnormal evolution in the human body is highly consistent with the pathological changes of dementia.This paper combs the internal relationship between normal body fluid metabolism and healthy human cognitive function,analyzes the corresponding relationship between the viscera related to regulating body fluid metabolism and the evolution of body fluid pathological changes and the degenerative pathological evolution of dementia from the natural aging time axis,emphasizes that the body fluid metabolism disorder is the core pathogenesis of dementia.We believe that in the early stages,preventive and conditioning methods such as a balanced diet and regular living habits should be implemented;In the mid-term stage,the focus is on regulating the Pi circulation and dialectical medication;In the later stage,on the basis of strengthening Pi circulation,it is necessary to support the diseased organs and treat them according to relevant syndromes.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness for the construction of "mosquito-free village" in Xuejia Village, Pujiang County, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the guidance for the construction of "mosquito-free village" in other rural areas. Methods: Density of adult mosquitoes in Xuejia Village was investigated using light trap method and density of larval mosquitoes was investigated using larval straw method from April to November each year. Totally 30 households of villagers were randomly selected, and their awareness rates of mosquito control knowledge, mosquito control behavior forming rates and satisfaction rates were surveyed through questionnaires. Investment during construction (from August 2016 to December 2018) and maintenance period (from 2019 to 2023) of "mosquito-free village" were investigated through data review and interviews. Long-term effects of "mosquito-free village" construction in Xuejia Village were evaluated in terms of mosquito density from 2016 to 2023, effectiveness of health education for villagers, satisfaction and investment. Results: Compared with the year 2016, the densities of adult and larval mosquitoes in Xuejia Village were significantly decreased from 2017 to 2023. The average monthly density of adult mosquitoes in 2023 decreased by 98.34%, and the average monthly 100 household index of larval mosquitoes decreased by 98.45% compared to 2016. The average monthly density of adult mosquitoes from 2019 to 2023 was less than or equal to one mosquito per light trap in a night, and the average monthly 100 household index of larval mosquitoes was less than or equal to five places per 100 households. The awareness rate of mosquito control knowledge was 93.33%, the behavior forming rate was 86.67%, and the satisfaction rate was 90.00%. By December 2023, the total investment during construction and maintenance period was 450 thousand Yuan, with an average annual investment of 60.7 thousand Yuan and average annual investment of 206.61 Yuan per household. The average annual investment during maintenance period was 36.2 thousand Yuan, and the average annual investment per household was 109.70 Yuan. Conclusion The mosquito density, effectiveness of health education for villagers and satisfaction of "mosquito-free village" in Xuejia Village all meet the evaluation criteria of "mosquito-free village", and the investment is reasonable, making it suitable for promotion to other rural areas.