OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for the determination of total alkaloid in cultivated BulBus Fritillariae Cirrhosae. METHODS:Spectrophotography was used to determine the content of total alkaloids with kashmirine as control,bromocresol green as colored indicator at detection wavelength of 416 nm. RESULTS:The linear range of kashmirine were 4.5～14.5 ?g?mL-1 (r=0.999 6) with an average recovery of 98.76%(RSD=2.5%,n=6).CONCLUSION:The method is simple,accurate and relia-ble for the quality control of cultivated BulBus Fritillariae Cirrhosae.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of the concentration of moxifloxacin in human serum.METHODS:The separation of sample was performed on Gemini C18 column with a fixed sample injection volume of 20?L.The mobile phase was methanol-water-triethylamine(112.5∶208.9∶0.06) at a flow rate of 1mL?min-1.The UV detective wavelength was set at 289nm;the column temperature was 25℃ and the sensitivity was 0.01AUFS.RESULTS:In the range of 0.312 5～10?g?mL-1(r=0.999 8),moxifloxacin showed a good linear relation in HPLC.The recoveries of moxifloxacin at three concentrations(10,2.5,0.625?g?mL-1) were 99.46%,103.12%,and 96.14%,respectively,with intra-day RSD at 3.27%,3.35%,0.92%,respectively and inter-day RSD at 7.19%,6.25%,6.68%,respectively.CONCLUSION:This method is simple,rapid,accurate and sensitive,and it can be used for the concentration determination and the pharmacokinetic study of moxifloxacin.

OBJECTIVE:To study the feature of fungus infection and the drug susceptibility for the fungus in our hospital.METHODS:Fungi were cultured and isolated by routine procedure and identified by VITEK microbe automatic system.Drug susceptibility test was performed using Rosco paper disk diffusion and broth dilution method with NCCLS M27-A.RESULTS:519 strains of fungi were all Blastocystis,with Monilia albicans making up 70.3%.Mycostatin showed the highest susceptibility,followed by amphotericin B.Fluconazol and itraconazole showed poor susceptibility.CONCLUSION:The resistant strains to common antifungal drugs experienced an obvious increase in clinical practice;therefore,it is imperative to monitor the drug susceptibility of fungi.

OBJECTIVE:To provide information for carrying out pharmaceutical care for future emergency relief work. METHODS: Based on our own experiences,the pharmaceutical care-related work involved in the medical relief in "May?12" Wenchuan earthquake was investigated and analyzed summarily. RESULTS: Scientific emergency plan could create order for the busy relief work,and creative work could make up the deficiency of the plan. It is advisable to attach great importance to the role of the clinical pharmacists in the earthquake relief work. Good command and powerful measures contribute to the smooth proceeding of emergency medical rescue. CONCLUSION: The pharmaceutical care plays an important role in the emergency medical rescue.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has been improving the industrial process from uniform pipeline production procedure in manufacture into individualized production with distributed network. 3D printing technique also provokes these changes in the field of medicine, especially in orthopedics, stomatology and radiology. The role of 3D printing technique has been increasingly highlighted in tumor radiotherapy. Current studies and application mainly focus on personalized tissue compensato (bolus), brachytherapy (high-dose post-loading and particle implantation therapy), 3D printing personalized phantom and individualized fixtures, etc. In this article, research progresses on the application of 3D printing technique in radiotherapy at home and abroad were reviewed.

Objective To construct the prokaryotic expression plasmid of human prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA),to induce the expression of GST-PSCA fusion protein in E. coli BL21,and to identify the purified recombinant fusion protein. Methods The fragment of PSCA gene was amplified by PCR,and then cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector. The transitional plasmid Teasy-PSCA was identified by DNA sequencing. The PSCA gene was digested from the plasmid Teasy-PSCA by restrictive enzyme BamH I and Sal I,and then inserted into the pET42a vector which contains a glutathione s-transterase (GST) tag. Following the double restriction enzyme digestion,the recombinant plasmid pET42a-PSCA was obtained and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). The expression of GST-PSCA fusion protein was induced with IPTG. The recombinant fusion protein was purified by passing over a Glutathione Sepharose 4B column,and was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Results The length of amplified PSCA gene fragment was consistent with that expected,and the sequence was correct as exemplified by the PSCA gene reported in GenBank. The result of enzyme digestion indicated that the prokaryotic expression plasmid pET42a-PSCA was successfully constructed. After transformation with pET42a-PSCA and induction with IPTG,the recombinant target protein of about 43kD was obtained. The GST-PSCA fusion protein was correctly identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Conclusions The prokaryotic expression plasmid of human PSCA gene has been successfully constructed. The GST-PSCA fusion protein may express and be purified in E. coli BL21,and it lays a foundation for further study on the anti-prostate cancer gene vaccine.

OBJECTIVE:To study the bacteria strains and susceptible drugs in open wound in patients with earthquake injury. METHODS:Bacteriological test and the drug susceptibility test were conducted for earthquake injury patients with open wound and the results of bacterial culture and the drug susceptibility test were analyzed using Excel 2003. RESULTS:Of the 1 172 earthquake injury cases,the patients with trauma / wounds represented 93.9%,the wound had obvious infection in 132 cases; of the infected cases,the proportions of patients with open fractures,soft tissue injuries and traumatic brain injury accounted for 63%,28% and 9%,respectively. The positive rate of the bacterial culture was 69%,and gram-negative of bacteria which accounted for 85.6% took the lead,chiefly Acinetobacter baumanii,Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli. The results showed bacterial drug resistance was on the high side. CONCLUSION:The open wounds in patients with earthquake injury are likely to be infected with gram negative organisms. Debridement and correct choice of anti-infective drugs are needed to reduce the risk of wound infection,

Objective To investigate the relationship between polymorphism in methylenetetra-hydrofolate reductase (MTHFR ) and acute cerebral infarction (CI), observe the variation regular of fasting plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level.Methods Using Homocysteine Microplate STE Assay to examine the fasting plasma homocysteine level of 28 CI patients during their initial stage (flaring up between 1 to 3 days) and later stage (flaring up 10 to 15 days) of acute period and 27 healthy controls. The presence of the MTHFR genetic type was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and subsequent restriction enzyme digestion.Results There was no significant difference among the three MTHFR genotypes in distributed frequency of the CI group, normal controls and the 677 allelic gene (P>0.05). The discrepancy of Hcy level in various kinds of genotypes: heterozygote mutation and homozygoto mutation were much higher than wild type (P<0.01). Homozygoto mutation was higher than heterozygote mutation, but there was no significant difference between them (P>0.05). The high homocysteine of group CI during the acute early stage were found out more frequent than normal control (P<0.05). There was no significant difference of fasting plasma Hcy level between the initial stage and later stage of CI group which were in acute period (P>0.05), both of the Results were higher than normal control (P<0.01). There was no significant difference among the Hcy level of various genetypes in CI group during the initial stage and later stage of acute period (P<0.05).Conclusion MTHFR gene C677T mutation is one of the cause of high homocystinemia, while it dose not lead to CI directly. High Hcy level is the independent risk factor of CI, but has no concern to the course of acute CI.

Objective To investigate the arsenic methylation level of people chronically exposed to different levels of arsenic in drinking water.Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 874 cases that had drank different concentration arsenic-contaminated water from arsenic endemic area in Bayannaoer City.They were divided into four groups according to arsenic exposure level:control (≤ 10 μg/L),low (＞ 10-50 μg/L),medium (＞ 50-200 μg/L) and high groups (＞ 200 μg/L),146,155,224,349 cases,respectively.The content of arsenic in drinking water and the arsenic species in urine were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMSS) and the results were expressed as median.Results The inorganic arsenic (iAs),monomethylarsonic acid (MMA),dimethylarsinic acid (DMA),and total-arsenic (tAs) in urine of low,medium and high groups increased following increasing of arsenic exposure level (x2 =605.08,609.96,615.83,628.64,all P ＜ 0.017) and iAs％,MMA％ and MMA/DMA significantly increased following increasing of arsenic exposure level (x2 =112.30,56.60,86.47,all P ＜ 0.017).DMA％,PMI and SMI significantly decreased following increasing of arsenic exposure level (x2 =125.80,112.30,86.47,all P ＜ 0.017).In the four groups,iAs％ of female were 11.39％,12.28％,13.47％ and 17.58％,they were significantly lower than those of male's (15.52％,16.19％,17.45％,21.86％,Z =-4.22,-3.79,-4.60,-6.71,all P ＜ 0.05);and DMA％ were 76.95％,74.05％,72.76％,and 68.64％ in the four groups respectively,and the PMI of female were 0.89,0.88,0.87,and 0.82,both DMA％ and PMI were significantly higher than those of male in each group (71.17％,69.39％,67.36％,61.29％,0.84,0.84,0.83,0.78,Z =-4.00,-3.34,-5.50,-7.24,-4.22,-3.79,-4.60,-6.71,all P ＜ 0.05).In control group,arsenic metabolites levels of people were not significantly different in the three age groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Compared to the ≤30 age group,the MMA,DMA and tAs of 31-45 age group increased and DMA,DMA％,PMI of ≥46 age group increased while iAs％ decreased in high group (μg/L:72.71 vs 109.13,307.90 vs 419.50,505.59 vs 684.60,307.90 vs 418.26;64.31％ vs 68.45％,0.79 vs 0.83,20.71％ vs 17.35％,x2 =10.72,10.24,8.20,10.24,9.89,20.96,20.96,all P ＜ 0.017).Compared to the 31-45 age group,DMA％ and PMI of ≥46 age group increased while iAs％ decreased (64.91％ vs 68.45％,0.80 vs 0.83,20.14％ vs 17.35％,x2 =9.89,20.96,20.96,all P ＜ 0.017).Conclusion There is a significant dose response relationship between arsenic metabolites and arsenic exposure level,and arsenic methylation is related to gender and age.

Objective To investigate protective effect of tribulus terrestris L (TTL) on photoreceptor in the model of light-induced retinal degeneration.Methods BALB/c mice were exposed to bright light at the intensity of 10 000 lux for 30 minutes to establish the retinal light damage models.The BALB/c mice were divided into normal control group,model group and treatment group,6 cases in each group.TTL decoction was intraperitoneally administered to mice 30 minutes prior to illumination in the treatment group.Saline vehicle was administered in the normal control group and model group.Photoreceptor protection of TTL was assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 3 hours and 7 days after illumination.Gross histology and immunohistochemistry approaches were also taken to examine the retinal protection conferred by TTL at 7 days after bright light exposure.Results Compared to normal retinal morphology in the normal control group,prominent photoreceptor loss and diminished rod and cone photoreceptors evidenced by attenuated retinal expression of rhodopsin and M-opsin were observed in the model group.In contrast,TTL treatment resulted in significant protection against bright light-induced photoreceptor degeneration and remarkable preservation of rod and cone photoreceptor cells.The outer retinal nuclear layer in the model group was thinner than that in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.05),but the treatment group was thicker than the model group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Bright light induces obviously degeneration in photoreceptors in BALB/c mice.Moreover,TTL is shown for the first to significantly protect the photoreceptors from bright light-induced degeneration.