Objective To investigate the clinical value of perforin and granzyme B expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes and diagnosis of acute rejection in renal transplantation. Methods Sixty-seven recipients of renal allograft were included in the study. The expression of perforin and granzyme B of peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The recipients were divided into four groups, including 7 cases of acute rejection as group 1, 8 cases of delayed graft function as group 2, 27 cases of stable function as group 3, 25 cases of long-term survival as group 4. Results The expression of perforin and granzyme B in group 1 was significantly higher than that of the other three groups (P

Objective To investigate the effect of perforin and granzyme B in peripheral blood lymphocytes during acute rejection in renal transplantation.Methods Sixty-seven recipients of renal allograft were involved in the study.The recipients were divided into four groups: group 1 with 7 cases of acute rejection,group 2 with 8 cases of delayed graft function,group 3 with 27 cases of stable function and group 4 wih 25 cases of long-term survival.The expressions of perforin and granzyme B of peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results The expressions of perforin and granzyme B in acute rejection group were significantly higher than those of the other three groups(P

Objective To investigate clinical efficacy and safety and complications of transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate ( PKRP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH) .Methods Totally 186 BPH patients were underwent PKRP .Comparison of clinical parameters before and after operation .Results Following-up at 3 and 6 months after the operation showed that international prostate symptom score ( IP-SS),quality of life(QQL),residual urine volume(RUV) scores increased and maximal urinary flow rate ( Qmax) scores decreased .The incidence of complications was 8.2%.Conclusion PKRP have efficacy in the treatment of BPH , and PKRP is safer and less complications .

Objective To study the treatment of acute renal failure induced by uretericobstruction . Methods Twenty-five cases of acute renal failure induced by uretericobstruction were emergent managed with ureteroscope pneumatic lithotripsy .Results All the renal function resumed well , BUN,Cr in serum was natural or near natural .Conclusion Ureteroscope pneumatic lithotripsy should be used for acute renal failure induced by uretericobstruction as first-line.

Objective:To investigate the levels of urinary arsenic metabolites in arsenic-exposed people with different degrees of skin lesions.Methods:A cluster sampling method was used to select people with different degrees of skin lesions in the drinking water arsenic poisoning area of Bayannaoer City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. According to the "Standard of Diagnosis for Endemic Arsenism" (WS/T 211-2001), the research subjects were divided into four clinical grading: normal, suspicious, mild, moderate and above on the basis of the degrees of skin lesions. Urine samples from any 1 middle section were collected, and the levels of urinary arsenic metabolites of different forms in different clinically graded people were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Results:A total of 522 people were included, including 309 males and 213 females; the age was (39.11 ± 12.38) years old, ranging from 11 to 65 years old. There were 337, 80, 31, 74 people in normal, suspicious, mild, moderate and above clinical grading, the levels of inorganic arsenic (iAs, medians: 15.46, 37.16, 104.46, 163.06 μg/L), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA, medians: 15.95, 33.27, 82.80, 123.84 μg/L), dimethylarsenic acid (DMA, medians: 78.16, 147.86, 301.28, 371.30 μg/L), total arsenic (tAs, medians: 113.90, 220.94, 501.25, 684.46 μg/L), iAs percentage (iAs%, medians: 15.66%, 15.53%, 21.67%, 21.65%), MMA percentage (MMA%, medians: 13.51%, 15.40%, 17.14%, 16.43%), DMA percentage (DMA%, medians: 70.37%, 67.98%, 63.25%, 61.23%), monomethylation rate (PMI, medians: 0.84, 0.84, 0.78, 0.78), dimethylation rate (SMI, medians: 0.84, 0.81, 0.79, 0.79), and ratio of MMA to DMA (MMA/DMA, medians: 0.20, 0.23, 0.27, 0.27) were compared in different clinically graded people, the differences were statistically significant ( H = 97.98, 96.44, 85.50, 95.08, 38.58, 29.94, 51.98, 38.58, 43.20, 43.20, P < 0.01). Compared with normal people, iAs, MMA, DMA, tAs, MMA%, and MMA/DMA levels significantly increased, and SMI level significantly decreased in suspicious, mild, moderate and above people ( P < 0.017); compared with normal people, iAs% level significantly increased, and DMA% and PMI levels significantly decreased in mild, moderate and above people ( P < 0.017). Conclusion:The levels of urinary arsenic metabolites in arsenic-exposed people with different degrees of skin lesions are different, showing a dose-response relationship.

Objective To characterize the migration patterns of men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV/AIDS in the period 2008-2015 and to characterize the determinants of their migration.Methods All identified HIV/AIDS cases transmitted through self-reported homosexual contact reported to the National Case Reporting System(CRS) by the end of December 31,2015 were included in this study.Data of basic demographic characteristics,household registration and address of the research objects were collected.Retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the migration characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases between 2008 and 2015.We used the x2 test to analyze their migration patterns and epidemiological characteristics,and multilevel logistic regression to investigate the determinants of migration.Results While mobile cases comprised 46.1％ of the sample (n=54 714),we detected a significant rising trend (x2=130.93,P＜0.001) as this proportion rose from 42.0％ (1 335/3 182) in 2008 to 47.9％ (15 623/32 610)in 2015.Of the 13 580 mobile cases with Hukou registration in Eastern China,89.8％ (12 201) migrated to other parts of Eastern China.Meanwhile,52.0％ of the 26 088 cases registered in Central China (n=13 570)and 30.5％ of the 14 106 registered in Western China (n=4 298) migrated to Eastern China.Furthermore,96.2％ of mobile cases (n=52 627) resided in the urban areas,of which 40.8％ (n=21 452) migrated from rural areas to urban areas and 58.4％ (n=30 722) migrated between urban areas.The annual proportion of cases who changed their address within 1 year of diagnosis ranged from 12.0％-18.5％.The results of the multilevel model showed that cases who were aged 25-49 years (OR=1.30,95％CI:1.26-1.34),single (OR=1.95,95％CI:1.87-2.02),and had a high school education or above (OR=1.68,95％CI:1.64-1.73)were more likely to migrate.AIDS (OR=0.71,95％CI:0.69-0.74),Hukou registration in an urban area (OR=0.63,95％CI:0.61-0.65),in Central China (OR=0.84,95％CI:0.73-0.97),Western China (OR=0.75,95％CI:0.64-0.87),and in regions with a high population density or above-average gross domestic product (GDP) per head (OR=0.77,95％ CI:0.69-0.87 and OR=0.70,95％ CI:0.62-0.79,respectively) were negatively associated with migration.Conclusion The number and proportion of mobile HIV cases showed a rising annual trend.Age,marital status,level of education and disease severity,in addition to the population density and level of economic development of cases' place of origin,were significant determinants of migration.

Objective To characterize the migration patterns of men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV/AIDS in the period 2008-2015 and to characterize the determinants of their migration.Methods All identified HIV/AIDS cases transmitted through self-reported homosexual contact reported to the National Case Reporting System(CRS) by the end of December 31,2015 were included in this study.Data of basic demographic characteristics,household registration and address of the research objects were collected.Retrospective cohort study was used to analyze the migration characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases between 2008 and 2015.We used the x2 test to analyze their migration patterns and epidemiological characteristics,and multilevel logistic regression to investigate the determinants of migration.Results While mobile cases comprised 46.1％ of the sample (n=54 714),we detected a significant rising trend (x2=130.93,P＜0.001) as this proportion rose from 42.0％ (1 335/3 182) in 2008 to 47.9％ (15 623/32 610)in 2015.Of the 13 580 mobile cases with Hukou registration in Eastern China,89.8％ (12 201) migrated to other parts of Eastern China.Meanwhile,52.0％ of the 26 088 cases registered in Central China (n=13 570)and 30.5％ of the 14 106 registered in Western China (n=4 298) migrated to Eastern China.Furthermore,96.2％ of mobile cases (n=52 627) resided in the urban areas,of which 40.8％ (n=21 452) migrated from rural areas to urban areas and 58.4％ (n=30 722) migrated between urban areas.The annual proportion of cases who changed their address within 1 year of diagnosis ranged from 12.0％-18.5％.The results of the multilevel model showed that cases who were aged 25-49 years (OR=1.30,95％CI:1.26-1.34),single (OR=1.95,95％CI:1.87-2.02),and had a high school education or above (OR=1.68,95％CI:1.64-1.73)were more likely to migrate.AIDS (OR=0.71,95％CI:0.69-0.74),Hukou registration in an urban area (OR=0.63,95％CI:0.61-0.65),in Central China (OR=0.84,95％CI:0.73-0.97),Western China (OR=0.75,95％CI:0.64-0.87),and in regions with a high population density or above-average gross domestic product (GDP) per head (OR=0.77,95％ CI:0.69-0.87 and OR=0.70,95％ CI:0.62-0.79,respectively) were negatively associated with migration.Conclusion The number and proportion of mobile HIV cases showed a rising annual trend.Age,marital status,level of education and disease severity,in addition to the population density and level of economic development of cases' place of origin,were significant determinants of migration.

Objective To study the relationship between hair selenium content and arsenism among population from endemic arsenism area caused by coal combustion in the southern of Shaanxi Province.Methods Four high-arsenic-exposed villages in southern Shaanxi Province were selected as the study area,and the nonarsenic-exposed villages nearby were selected as the control area,90 hair samples of residents exposed to high arsenic in the study area and 14 hair samples of residents in the control area were collected.Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the contents of arsenic and selenium in hair samples.Selenium/hair arsenic (Se/As) value was calculated,and the relationship between selenium content in hair samples and arsenicosis was analyzed.Results The geometric mean of selenium concentration in hair from the study area was 8.72 mg/kg,which was significandy higher than that from the control area (0.54 mg/kg,t =9.811,P ＜ 0.05).However,selenosis case was not found in the study area.Selenium content in hair was not obviously correlated with arsenism (r =0.075,P ＞ 0.05),while the Se/As value was negatively associated with the grade of arsenism (P ＞ 0.05).The geometric mean of selenium content in hair of female from the study area was 12.79 mg/kg,which was higher than that in hair of male (6.5 mg/kg,t =1.738,P ＜ 0.01).Meanwhile,the Se/As value in hair of female from the study area (1.15) was significantly higher than that in hair of male (0.65,t =3.218,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The environment of the study area is polluted by arsenic and selenium derived from stone-coal burning.Antagonism between arsenic and selenium might reduce the toxicity of selenium.Therefore,selenosis is not found in the study area.In addition,antagonism between arsenic and selenium might also induce lower prevalence of arsenism for female in the studly area.

Objective To establish a quantitative analysis of multi-compounds by single-marker(QAMS)method for the simultaneous determination of four compounds in formula granules of Pteris multifida and optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids.Methods The relative correction factors(RCFs)of lonicerin,luteolin and apigenin in the formula granules of Pteris multifida were calculated by using the UPLC method with rhoifolin as the internal reference,and their durability was investigated.The external standard method(ESM)was used to determine the content of four compounds in the formula granules of Pteris multifida,and the difference between the calculated values and the measured values was compared.The effects of ultrasonic time,ethanol volume fraction,solid-liquid ratio and ultrasonic power on the extraction rate of total flavonoids were studied by single factor experiment.On this basis,Box-Behnken test with three factors and three levels was conducted to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids,and the verification experiment was conducted.Results The content of rhoifolin in the formula granules was 0.035%-0.056%,and the content of lonicerin,luteolin and apigenin by QAMS method was 0.085%-0.167%,0.014%-0.028%and 0.004%-0.008%,respectively,which had no significant difference with the external standard method.The optimal extraction conditions of total flavonoids were 80%ethanol water,solid-liquid ratio 1:20,40 minutes extraction,the average extraction rate was 24.46 mg·g-1.Conclusion The established QAMS method was accurate and feasible,and the optimized extraction process of total flavonoids based on Box-Behnken response surface method was simple and feasible,which could lay a foundation for the quality evaluation of the Pteris multifida formula granules.