Objective To investigate the expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and its relationship with the clinical pathological parameters of ccRCC.Methods The expression of CXCR4 was detected by immuno-histochemistry method in 63 cases of ccRCCs,20 cases of para-carcinoma tissues and 20 cases of normal renal tissues.The correlation between expression level of CXCR4 and clinical pathological parameters of ccRCC patients were analyzed,and the clinical significance of its expression in ccRCC was evaluated.Results The positive expression rate of CXCR4(49.2％) in ccRCCs was significantly higher than that in para-carcinoma tissues (15％) and normal renal tissue (10％),and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The expression level of CXCR4 and the clinical stage and pathological grade of ccRCC were correlated (P ＜ 0.05),and was associated with lymph node transfer (P ＜ 0.05).The CXCR4 negative group overall survival rate [55.2％ (16/29)] and the average survival time(46 months) was significantly better than the positive group [38.5％ (10/26),32 months;P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions The expression level of CXCR4 in ccRCC is correlated with the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis.CXCR4 is expected to be an important marker for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of renal cell carcinoma.

Objective To study the clinical and pathological features of adrenal myelolipoma. Methods The clinical manifestration,experimental and imaging data of 6 patients with adrenal myelolipoma were retrospectively analyzed. Results The disease manifested nonspecific symptoms and signs,including faint lumber,flank or bulk pain.The diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma depends on B ultrosound scan,CT and MRI,revealing a fatty mass with various other densities such as soft tissue,intratumoural haemorrhage,calcification and residual adrenal cortex.Tumor excision and adrenalectomy were performed in all patients.The pathological examination showed that the tumor consists of mature fat cells and hematopoietic elements.The patients have been asymptomatic on following up for 0.5～7 years and there is no recurrence of tumor. Conclusions CT and MRI images features are helpful for the pre operative diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma.Pathologically,it is characterized by a mixture of mature fat and hematopoietic elements.

Objective To investigate the changes of proteomics in serum of Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats after accumulated irradiation with 137Cs γ-rays.Methods A total of thirty mature SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:0.2 Gy group,2 Gy group and healthy control group.Rats were irradiated at a dose rate of 0.336 mGy/min for 10 d and 20 d continuously.Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) was used to analyze the different protein expression in serum of irradiated rats.Gene Ontology,KEGG pathway and protein-protein interaction network analysis were conducted using softwares.Results In total,363 protein spots were identified.Twenty nine proteins were differentially expressed in both groups compared with control,of which 10 proteins were up-regulated and 19 proteins were down-regulated.Based on the information of GO categories,these differentially expressed proteins were mainly located in the cytoplasm and membrane concerning the function of binding and catalytic activity.Analysis with the PAJEK software demonstrated that 16 differentially expressed proteins could form a complicated interaction network where glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1),phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) and protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI) might be key nodes.Conclusions Accumulated irradiation can induce differentially expressed proteins in serum of irradiated rats.Analysis on functional roles of the screened proteins GSTP1,PGK1 and PDI may provide insight into further mechanistic investigations and underlying molecular biomarkers induced by accumulated irradiation.

Objective To explore the effects of HAVCR2 siRNA on apoptosis and cell cycle in the radiation-caused genomic instable liver cells.Methods RNAi was used to inhibit HAVCR2 gene transcription.Cellular apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were detected by flow cytometry (FCM).Expression of p53 gene was assayed by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results HAVCR2 gene was effectively inhibited by RNAi (t =19.21,P ＜ 0.05).After siRNA transferring,cell apoptosis (t =3.65,P ＜ 0.05) and p53 gene expression (t =4.82,P ＜ 0.05) were decreased,and G2-phase arrest was induced(t =-3.41,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion HAVCR2 siRNA can decrease the generation of apoptosis in the genomic instable liver cells and blocks the cells at G2 phase.

Objective To explore the effects of accumulated 60CD,γ-ray irradiation on small molecular metabolites in rats urine.Methods Ten healthy male SD rats were irradiated by 60Co γ-rays in 5 days and the accumulated doses were 0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0 Gy,respectively.The metabolites in urine of different groups were measured with 1 H-NMR combined with principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminate analysis (PLS-DA). Results The metabolites in rat urine were obviously changed after irradiation. Compared with control group,the amount of acetoacetate decreased after irradiation(t =29.7 -30.7,P ＜ 0.05 ),but its relative level was stable when the dose increased ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Meanwhile,the relative level of hippuric acid increased ( t =4.4 - 21.6,P ＜ 0.05 ) especially when the accumulated dose was higher than 1 Gy (t =21.6,P＜0.05). The relative level of proline,taurine and trimethylamine-N-oxide increased after irradiation with the same trend( t =3.5 - 13.4,4.7 - 11.5,2.9- 12.7,P＜0.05). Conclusions The acetoacetate,hippuric acid,proline,taurine,and trimethylamine-N-oxide may be applicable for biomarkers of accumulative irradiation on rat.

Objective To analyze the application value of the American Society of Anesthesiolo-gists(ASA)classification in treating patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)under local anesthesia for upper urinary tract calculi.Methods A total of 80 patients with PCNL under local an-esthesia for upper urinary tract calculi were divided into high-risk group(ASA Ⅲ to Ⅳ level)with 36 cases and low-risk group(ASA Ⅰ to Ⅱ level)with 44 cases according to ASA classification,and perioperative indicators(operation time,intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay),stone clearance rate,inflammatory factors[C reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)],score of the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)for pain,and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results Hospital stay in the low-risk group was significantly shorter than that in the high-risk group(P＜0.05);the stone clearance rate was 93.18％in the low-risk group,which was significantly higher than 75.00％in the high-risk group(P＜0.05).Before sur-gery,the levels of serum CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α in the high-risk group were significantly higher than those in the low-risk group(P＜0.05);one day after surgery,the levels of serum CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α in the high-risk group were significantly higher than those in the low-risk group(P＜0.05).On the first,the third,and the fifth day after surgery,the VAS score in the high-risk and low-risk groups decreased significantly,and the VAS score in the low-risk group was significantly lower than that in the high-risk group(P＜0.05).Incidence rate of complications in the low-risk group was 4.54％,which was significantly lower than 19.44％in the high-risk group(P＜0.05).Conclu-sion Application of PCNL under local anesthesia in treating patients with upper urinary tract calculi of ASA Ⅰ to Ⅲ has milder inflammation and pain when compared to those of ASA Ⅲ to Ⅳ,and the incidence rate of complications is relatively low.

Objective To analyze the application value of the American Society of Anesthesiolo-gists(ASA)classification in treating patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)under local anesthesia for upper urinary tract calculi.Methods A total of 80 patients with PCNL under local an-esthesia for upper urinary tract calculi were divided into high-risk group(ASA Ⅲ to Ⅳ level)with 36 cases and low-risk group(ASA Ⅰ to Ⅱ level)with 44 cases according to ASA classification,and perioperative indicators(operation time,intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay),stone clearance rate,inflammatory factors[C reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)],score of the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)for pain,and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results Hospital stay in the low-risk group was significantly shorter than that in the high-risk group(P＜0.05);the stone clearance rate was 93.18％in the low-risk group,which was significantly higher than 75.00％in the high-risk group(P＜0.05).Before sur-gery,the levels of serum CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α in the high-risk group were significantly higher than those in the low-risk group(P＜0.05);one day after surgery,the levels of serum CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α in the high-risk group were significantly higher than those in the low-risk group(P＜0.05).On the first,the third,and the fifth day after surgery,the VAS score in the high-risk and low-risk groups decreased significantly,and the VAS score in the low-risk group was significantly lower than that in the high-risk group(P＜0.05).Incidence rate of complications in the low-risk group was 4.54％,which was significantly lower than 19.44％in the high-risk group(P＜0.05).Conclu-sion Application of PCNL under local anesthesia in treating patients with upper urinary tract calculi of ASA Ⅰ to Ⅲ has milder inflammation and pain when compared to those of ASA Ⅲ to Ⅳ,and the incidence rate of complications is relatively low.

Motor imagery (MI) is an important paradigm of driving brain computer interface (BCI). However, MI is not easy to control or acquire, and the performance of MI-BCI depends heavily on the performance of the subjects' MI. Therefore, the correct execution of MI mental activities, ability evaluation and improvement methods play important and even critical roles in the improvement and application of MI-BCI system's performance. However, in the research and development of MI-BCI, the existing researches mainly focus on the decoding algorithm of MI, but do not pay enough attention to the above three aspects of MI mental activities. In this paper, these problems of MI-BCI are discussed in detail, and it is pointed out that the subjects tend to use visual motor imagery as kinesthetic motor imagery. In the future, we need to develop some objective, quantitatively visualized MI ability evaluation methods, and develop some effective and less time-consumption training methods to improve MI ability. It is also necessary to solve the differences and commonness of MI problems between and within individuals and MI-BCI illiteracy to a certain extent.
Algorithms ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Imagery, Psychotherapy ; Imagination