Objective To analyze and compare fine particle fraction (FPF) and particle size distribution (PSD) measured by twin-stage impactor(TSI), Andersen cascade impactor (ACI) and next generation pharmaceutical impactor(NGI). Methods Selfmade metered dose inhaler(MDI) of fluticasone propionate was selected as the model drug, and the FPF and PSD were determined by TSI, ACI and NGI. Results The device of TSI was simple, and fine particle drug dose with less than 6.4 micrometer aerodynamic diameter size was acquired quickly, and the recovery rate was relatively high under the good seal, but aerodynamic diameter distribution was not obtained. In contrast, both the aerodynamic diameter and particle size distribution were obtained with ACI and NGI. Different from ACI, for NGI it was not necessary to wash the sieves, although NGI is heavy. So, the operation of NGI is simpler. Conclusion NGI can be chosen as the priority for the determination of the aerodynamics related parameters.

Objective To explore the therapeutic method and efficacy of discoid meniscus urder arthroscope. Methods 37 patients with 37 discoid menisci underwent arthroscopic lateral partial or total meniscectomy. 33 cases were operated on by reshaping (partial meniscectomy) and 4 cases with extensive laceration in the joint capsule rim of hastring tendon underwent total meniscectomy under arthroscope. Results Bases on Ikeuchi's grading, 19 cases were excellent (51.4%), 13 cases good (35.1%) and 5 cases fair(13.5%). Conclusions Arthroscopic reshaping for discoid meniscus can obtain excellent and good efficacy, so it is recommended that patients with discoid menisci should be treated by reshaping.

Objective To explore the application value of INTERGROWTH-21st standard evaluate intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).We aimed at predicting IUGR with ultrasonic fetal growth measurements.Methods A prospective cohort of singleton pregnancy scanned after 28 gestational weeks was constructed.The Z-score values of growth measurements were calculated using the INTERGROWTH-21st standard.Logistic regression equation was used to establish the prediction formula.Finally,the new formula was compared with the traditional Hadlock method to predict the accuracy of IUGR.We assessed outcomes for consenting participants who attended research scans and delivered at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University.Results A total of 834 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included.After the exclusion of 143 lost cases,565 of control cases and 126 of IUGR cases were obtained.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictivevalue,negative predictive value,false positive rate and false negative rate of prediction model wererespectively:88.9 ％,85.4 ％,57.7 ％,97.2 ％,14.6 ％,11.1 ％.In contrast,the values of Hadlock wererespectively:81.7％,82.7％,51.2％,95.3％,17.3％,18.3％.Conclusions This study shows aprediction model of IUGR.INTERGROWTH-21st standard improved the diagnostic accuracy of IUGR,especially enhanced the positive predictive value.

Aim To investigate the intracellular disposition process of doxorubicin (DOX) in human breast cancer MCF-7, providing reference for explaining the pharmacology and their side effects of anti-tumor drugs. Methods The drug-resistant cell line MCF-7/DOX of breast cancer with DOX indication was selected as the material, and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole tandem time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) method was established to analyze the disposal of DOX by target cells. Results Two unreported trace a-mounts of new metabolites of doxorubicin were found, and their structures were deduced by high-resolution multistage mass spectrometry. Molecular docking showed that its affinity for DNA was lower than that of DOX. Conclusion Target cells have unique and diverse drug metabolism pathways for DOX, which may be related to drug resistance mechanisms.

Objective To explore the clinical manifestation,imaging features,histopathological classifications and treatment of primary orbital tumors.Methods Twenty-six cases with primary orbital tumors were retrospectively studied.Results All of 26 primary orbital tumor cases received surgical treatment.Sixteen primary orbital tumors cases were male and 10 cases were female.The mean age was 46 years (ranged from 15 to 72).The mean hospital stay was 13 d (ranged from 9 to 21).Among 26 primary orbital tumors cases,21 cases were benign tumors which included 11 cases of cavernous hemangioma,5 cases of inflammatory pseudotumor,3 cases of dermoid cyst,2 cases of venous angioma.Five cases were malignant tumors which included 4 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma and 1 case of rhabdomyosarcoma.After operation,visual acuity improved in 9 cases,unchanged in 11 cases,decreased in 6 cases.The patients were followed up for 18-48 months (mean,25 months).There were 4 cases of malignant tumors recurrence after operation and received radical operation.While 2 patients were lost,the other 24 patients survived with tumor-free.Conclusions Surgical excision is the main and effective treatment for primary orbital tumors.To be very familiar with the imaging characteristics and local anatomy is the key for operation.Individualized treatment plan should be chosen based on clinical manifestation,imaging features and histopathological classifications.

OBJECTIVE To monitor hospital infection continuously in five years in order to learn the rule of dynamic movements and its characters.METHODS To analyze the documents by prospective monitoring and retrospective(investigation).RESULTS The number of discharged inpatients increased year by year while the infection rate(developed) smoothly.Its average rate was 6.88%.CONCLUSIONS The aim to take hospital infection under control has(accomplished).

Objective To evaluate the effects of soy isoflavones on bone density (BMD) in women in randomized clinical trials by meta-analysis. Method We searched the databases the Medline, Pubmed, and CNKI from January 1990 to October 2007 using the keywords, phytoestrogen, isoflavone, soy, genistein in combination with bone. We only included the studies of randomized clinical trial, in which the data of BMDs at lumbar spine, total hip or femoral neck prior to and post isoflavone intervention or their relevant changes and their standard deviation or 95% CI in women were provided. Results Sixteen papers (1304 women, 91% postmenopausal) were included and a mean daily dose of 73 mg supplemental soy isoflavones resulted in weighted mean (%)(95%CI) difference in yearly BMD changes of 18.3 (2.0%,CI 6.0~30.6) and 3.3(0.40%,CI 0.5~6.1) mg/cm2 at the lumber spine and total hip, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that the effects were more pronounced in those with the isoflavone dose ≥80 mg/d than those of

In heterologous protein productions by Pichia pastoris, methanol induction is generally initiated when cell density reaches very high level. However, this traditional strategy suffers with the problems of difficulty in DO control, toxic by-metabolites accumulation and low targeted protein titer. Therefore, initiating methanol induction at lower cell concentration is considered as an alternative strategy to overcome those problems. However, the methanol/energy regulation mechanisms of initiating induction at lower concentration are not clear and seldom reported. In this article, with monellin production as a prototype, we analyzed the methanol/energy metabolism in protein expression process using the strategies of initiating induction at both higher/lower cells concentrations. We attempted to interpret the advantages of the "alternative" strategy, via online measurements of methanol consumption, CO₂ production and O₂ uptake rates. When adopting this "alternative" strategy and maintaining temperature at 30 °C, carbon flux ratio directing into monellin precursors synthesis reached the highest level of 65%. In addition, monellin synthesis was completely associated with cell growth.

Due to the advantages of polymer micelles and the anticancer activity of doxorubicin (DOX), the polymer micelle of DOX is expected to be used for drug delivery in anticancer applications. As a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, amphiphilic copolymer heparosan-adipic dihydrazide-vitamin E succinate (KV) can be self-assembled to form micelles with core-shell structure in aqueous phase. In this article, KV conjugates with two different degrees of substitution (DS) were synthesized to load DOX and were characterized by ¹H NMR. The size distribution, morphology, zeta potential and release behavior in vitro of the DOX-loaded micelles were studied. In vitro cytotoxicity was investigated by MTT assay against MGC80-3 and COS7 cells. The cellular uptake of the DOX-loaded micelles was observed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The ¹H NMR spectra results confirmed the KV polymers were successfully conjugated and the degree of VES grafted on heparosan polysaccharide were 12% and 25%. Briefly, the micelles with two different DS were expressed as KV₁₂ and KV₂₅. The DOX-loaded micelles could resist serum adsorption because of the negative charge on the surface. The average particle size measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) method was 140-150 nm and the TEM results indicated that the morphology of DOX-loaded micelles were spherical. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were 80% and 10%-15%, respectively. The DOX-loaded micelles had sustained release behavior and the cumulative release of DOX/KV₁₂ was slightly higher than DOX/KV₂₅. Moreover, the viabilities of cells which were co-incubated with blank micelles were greater than 90%. It is clear that the blank micelles almost non-toxic to both cells. The IC₅₀ of drug-loaded micelles against COS7 cells was much higher than that of MGC80-3 cells and the DOX/KV₁₂ exhibited greater cytotoxicity. The cellular uptake of DOX/KV on MGC80-3 was greater than COS7 cells. In this study, KV polymer micelles have a sustained drug release activity and have a good selectivity to tumor cells, so it would be a potential carrier in drug delivery.

Sucrose phosphorylase (SPase) gene from Leuconostoc mesenteroides ATCC 12291 was synthesised after codon optimization, and inserted into pET-28a plasmid to generate pET-28a-spase. The recombinant strain Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)/pET-28a-spase was induced for Spase expression. The recombinant protein Spase was purified and characterized. The specific enzyme activity of SPase was 213.98 U/mg, the purification ratio was 1.47-fold, and the enzyme activity recovery rate was 87.80%. The optimal temperature and the optimal pH of the SPase were identified to be 45 °C and 6.5 respectively, and Km, Vmax and kcat of the SPase for sucrose was 128.8 mmol/L, 2.167 μmol/(mL·min), and 39 237.86 min-1. The recombinant SPase was used for α-arbutin production from hydroquinone and the reaction process was evaluated. The optimal conditions for synthesis of α-arbutin by SPase were 40 g/L hydroquinone, 5:1 molar ratio of sucrose and hydroquinone, and 250 U/mL recombinant SPase at pH 7.0 and 30 °C for 24 h in the dark, and then 500 U/mL glucoamylase was added at 40°C for 2.5 h. Under the optimized process, the yield of α-arbutin reached 98 g/L, and the hydroquinone conversion rate was close to 99%. In summary, the recombinant SPase was cloned and characterized, and its application for α-arbutin production was feasible.