Objective To simplify the detection method of sulfate in the water purifying agent poly aluminium chloride.Meth ods Poly aluminium chloride solution was filtered using filterable film and Tween liquor was added to the filtered so lu tion to in crease its stability,then the sulfate content in the solution was determined by barium sulfate turbidimetry.Results The se-lected analytic wave-length of the method was720nm and it showed a good linear relationship with r=0.9991.The coefficient of varia tion and recovery rate were2.7%～3.4%and92.0%～103.2%respectively,which revealed no significant differences com-pared with the results obtained using the national standard determination method,the weight method.Conclusion The method was rapid and easy to operate,which was suitable for determination of batch samples.

Objective To establish the baseline data of body weight, main organ weights, hematological and biochemical indexes in SPF congenital cataract mice. Methods Body weight, main organs weights, hematological and biochemical indexes of the congenital cataract mice were determined at 28 days and 56 days of age, respectively. Normal KM mice in the same age were taken as control. Results There were no statistically significant differences in all indexes of the mice at 28 days of age. Compared with the 56?day old normal KM mice: (1) Statistically significant differences were found in the body weight, and weights of the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and testis ( P<0?05 or P<0?01; ( 2 ) Statistically significant differences were found in hematological indexes WBC, PLT, MPV, LYMP, PDW for female mice and MPV, PDW for male mice (P<0?01);(3) Among the biochemical indexes, there were also statistically significant differences in UREA, ALP, TP, UA, TG, GLU for female and ALT, ALP, TP, ALB, UA, GLU for male mice. Conclusions There are statistical differences in the body weight, main organ weights, hematological indexes and biochemical indexes between the congenital cataract mice and normal KM mice at 56 days of age. These results may provide a useful reference for future research.

Objective To investigate the family burden of patients with severe mental illness. Methods 148 patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were assessed with Family Burden Scale of disease (FBS). Results Family burden broadly exists among those patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and the burden tends to involve several dimensions, including family relations (51%), home entertainment (50%), daily routine (45%), economic burden (43%), mental health of family members (36%) and physical health of family members (32%). Conclusion Integrated psychological and social intervention should be made to reduce the family burden of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of swallowing training supplemented with neuromuscular electrical stimulation to provide a reference for clinical treatment and further study.Methods Reports of randomized and controlled trials of surface neuromuscular electrical stimulation in treating post-stroke dysphagia were sought in the Cochrane library,the PubMed and Embase databases,the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL),and also in the ProQuest,PsycARTICLES,CBMdisc,China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),CQVIP database and Wanfang databases.All of the literature found was evaluated by 2 researchers according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and the data were extracted and combined.Then meta-analysis was performed using version 5.3 of the RevMan software package.Results Eleven randomized and controlled trials involving 576 patients were included in the meta-analysis.Together,the data showed that swallowing training supplemented by neuromuscular electrical stimulation is significantly more effective than swallowing training alone in improving swallowing function.It reduces the risk of aspiration and improves quality of life.It does not,however,generally shorten the pharyngeal transmit time.Conclusions Swallowing training supplemented with neuromuscular electrical stimulation is a promising approach for treatment of post-stroke dysphagia and warrants further study.

Objective To analyze the TCM literature of stomachache based on content analysis, and to explore the law of selecting points in nursing of qi stagnation syndrome. Methods Terms such as"stomachache","distension","belching","gastritis""functional dyspepsia"and"peptic ulcer"were used as the characteristic words, and the CNKI, Wanfang data, VIP, CBM, Pubmed and Embase databases were retrieved to find literature of acupoint therapies for this symptom, while snowball was conducted to expand the literature. SPSS20.0 and Rost Content Mining 5.8 softwares were used to analyze the contents of the included literature, and to explore the syndrome differentiation rules of acupoint therapy in patients with stomachache of qi stagnation. Results Totally 279 Chinese and 27 English articles were included. Through bibliometric analysis, word frequency statistics and cluster analysis, the most commonly used acupoint therapies included acupuncture, acupoint massage, acupoint application, acupoint embedding, acupoint injection. The most common selected acupoints of qi stagnation syndrome was Zusanli, Zhongwan, Neiguan, Taichong, Qimen, Zhangmen, Pishu, Weishu and Ganshu. Conclusions The application of content analysis method in the field of TCM nursing provides a scientific method for summarizing the literature in the future, and is worthy of popularization and application in clinical nursing.

Objective To investigate the current situation of primary caregivers who suffer from violent attacks from patients with severe mental disorder outside of the hospital .Methods A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate 208 caregivers of patients with severe mental disorders from one psychiatry hospital in Beijing.Results The incidence rate of violent behaviors to primary caregivers outside of the hospital was 74.03%;during which verbal assault accounted for 61.54%, threats accounted for 54.33% and physical attacks accounted for 45.19%.Patients often attacked caregivers with their bare hands .Caregivers normally suffered with soft tissue injury and great pain after receiving attack .The main cause of violent attacks was the domination of psychiatric symptoms (81.81%).The main way to deal with these attacks for caregivers was tolerance (69.48%).Multiple-factor analysis showed patients with elder age had low risk , and patients with low education level, single, involuntary hospitalization and many times hospitalization had high risk . Conclusions Primary caregivers suffer a high incidence rate of violent attacks and cannot deal with this properly.Effective nursing interventions should be made in hospitals and communities .Health education should be provided for caregivers to achieve effective intervention and reduce violent attacks and boost the confidence and life quality of caregivers .

Urinothorax is an uncommon complication following percutaneous nephrolithotomy. We present a case of dyspnea and fever after a percutaneous nephrostolithotomy, next chest CT indicated a significant left pleural effusion and urinothorax was confirmed by the pleural fluid analysis.Chest tube placement did not improve the patient’s dyspnea. The patient finally recovered after the thoracoscopic surgery.

Urosepsis caused by upper urinary tract stone obstruction is a common critically disease in urology.However, it rarely occurs in the patient who underwent a dialysis with uremia.We report a patient who underwent an implantation of ureteral stent to control the infection, and we saved the patient with perinephric hematoma following the surgery. We removed the stones in the left ureteral through a flexible ureteroscope two month later.The hematoma was completely absorbed 6 months after the implantation of ureteral stent.

Objective:To explore the current status of protective restraint during hospitalization in patients with affective disorders.Methods:A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate 400 patients with convalescent affective disorder in a psychiatric hospital in Beijing from November 2018 to April 2019.Results:Among 400 patients with affective disorders, 158 cases had restraint experience, and the incidence of protective restraint was 39.50%. Among the physical influences caused by protective restraint, 147 cases (93.03%) of limb movement were restricted, 133 cases (84.17%) were unable to defecate on their own, and 88 cases (55.69%) had limb pain. Among the psychological influences caused by protective restraint, 83 cases (52.53%) were helpless, 82 cases (51.89%) were aggrieved, 78 cases (49.37%) were powerless and 68 cases (43.04%) were fearful. There were statistically significant differences in age, gender, marital status, number of hospitalizations, and hospitalization diagnosis among patients with protective restraint experience, witnessed protective restraint and never exposed to protective restraint ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Patients with affective disorders have a high rate of protective restraint. The physical influence and negative psychological experience of patients during and after the protective restraint is a potential threat to the establishment of the doctor-patient treatment alliance. Health education of protective restraint knowledge should be strengthened for inpatients, and comprehensive health education, nursing measures, and psychological interventions should be provided for protective restraint patients, so as to improve the misunderstanding of protective restraint in patients with affective disorders and reduce the negative experience and psychological influences of protective restraint in patients.

Objective:To evaluate the teaching effect of online clinical nursing practice in Psychiatry Department for undergraduate nursing students by using Web standardized patients (Web-SP) .Methods:In June 2021, 219 undergraduate nursing students from a university in Beijing were selected as research subjects by convenient sampling. We organized a week of online nursing practice in Psychiatry Department, set up an online practice teaching and research group, recruited and trained 15 standardized patients (SP) among hospital nurses, and designed 12 roles including schizophrenia patients, depression patients, and bipolar disorder patients with typical symptoms according to the actual clinical cases. According to the practice plan, an online practice class was opened on Tencent conference platform. The clinical teachers broadcastedand interviewed SP and SP's family members on the spot. Studentsinteracted with the online teachers and SP through video, voice or text. After the practice, 219 undergraduate nursing students were issued SP Simulated Quality of Standardized Patient Scale (SQSPS) and self-made Web-SP Use Effect Evaluation Questionnaire in Psychiatry Department online. A total of 219 questionnaires were distributed online, and 219 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a valid recovery rate of 100%.Results:The total score of SQSPS of 219 nursing students was (92.08±10.89) . The overall evaluation score of nursing students on the application of Web-SP in online practice was (46.52±4.60) , and the highest score was "deepened empathy for patients", which was (4.79±0.47) . The second was "deepened the understanding of psychiatric nursing", which was (4.75±0.68) . The third was "understanding the impact of symptoms on patients", which was (4.73±0.52) .Conclusions:Applying Web-SP to online clinical nursing practice in Psychiatry Department can meet the practice needs of nursing students for Psychiatric Department and nursing courses, and Web-SP after systematic training can replace real patients to achieve teaching goals.