The paper introduced a few models characteristic of pharmaceutical service(PS)in the hospital,classifying the service applicable in the hospital into personalized PS based on time,social PS based on space,and connotative PS based on expertise.This way pharmacist,doctors and nurses can work as a close team,providing not only high quality PS to a greater population,but also personalized and integrated PS to patients of special needs.In the end,PS can help improve hospital quality of care in general.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the affordability of 3 anti-tumor targeted drugs gefitinib,trastuzumab and sunitinib in ur-ban and rural residents of Hubei province,and to provide reference for medical insurance price admission of anti-malignant tumor targeted drugs in China. METHODS:Referring to the incidence of malignant tumor stated in statistical yearbook of Hubei province and income data of urban and rural residents in Hubei province,based on the policy of reducing the price of imported drugs by 50% mentioned in the national drug price negotiations,and assume the drugs are included in the medical insurance reimbursement list,WHO/HAI standard survey method,catastrophic expenditure evaluation method and poverty effect evaluation method were ad-opted to calculate the affordability of 3 drugs. RESULTS:According to WHO/HAI standard survey method,increment of payment for 3 drugs were 64.00%-74.00% before and after 50% discount and reimbursement. According to catastrophic expenditure evalua-tion method,50% discount of gefitinib and reimbursement gefitinib,trastuzumab and sunitinib in urban area would result in cata-strophic expenditures of 20.00%、59.28% and 35.48% patients;in rural area,would result in catastrophic expenditures of 50.63%、74.72% and 75.93% patients. According to poverty effect evaluation method,50% discount of 3 drugs and reimbursement caused less than 31.95% urban and rural patients falling to poverty. CONCLUSIONS:Fifty percentage discount of 3 anti-tumor targeted drugs mentioned in the national drug price negotiations cause the economic burden more serious for rural residents than urban resi-dents. In the formulation of policies,the corresponding reimbursement ratio should be adjusted according to urban and rural areas, drug price and disease types for a balance of patients with different economic burden.

Objective: To analyze the New Cooperative Medical System ( NCMS ) funds and Individual afford-ability of anti-tumor targeted drugs under different medical insurance entry price, and to provide the basis for establis-hing the access price for medical insurance. Methods: Choosing Conmana or Kemer ( the lung cancer targeted drug) and Herceptin (breast cancer targeted drug) to analyze the Wuhan NRCMS operating status from 2012 to 2014, use tumor surveillance data from Hubei Province during the period from 2011 to 2015;consult clinical experts to form expert consensus price, refer to the Jiangsu Province Access Price and National Negotiation Price, and explore the fund bal-ance and individual affordability when the afore-mentioned two kinds of drugs can be compensated by medical insurance under different price. Results:The basic account balances of NRCMS in Wuhan from 2016 to 2018 are-11. 948 million Yuan, 2. 513 million Yuan and 82. 955 million Yuan when Kemer can be compensated by medical insurance under Na-tional Negotiation Price. Taking the compensation of Herceptin under National Price after the bargaining, the basic ac-count balances are -26. 901 million Yuan,-35. 962 million Yuan and 17. 542 million Yuan respectively. The rate of poverty caused by illness falls to 33. 40% from 45. 85% when Conmana can be compensated by Medical Insurance un-der National Negotiation Price, while this rate falls to 45. 42% from 46. 00% for Herceptin. Conclusion:The two kinds of drugs can be afforded by the Wuhan NRCMS after the medical insurance access price is negotiated by the govern-ment, but the individual affordability of Herceptin at the National Negotiation Price is worse.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease mainly affecting the sacroiliac joints, spine and peripheral joints. In China, standardized diagnosis and treatment of AS is still to be popularized. Based on the evidence and guidelines from China and other countries, Chinese Rheumatology Association developed standardization of diagnosis and treatment of AS. The purposes are: (1) to standardize the diagnosis and evaluation of AS; (2) to promote rational use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, biological as well as traditional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, so as to improve the patient′s quality of life.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biological characteristics and genetic features of human placenta mesenchymal stem cells (hPA-MSCs) cultured in vitro in order to assess its safety for clinical use.

METHODSThe shapes of the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, 13th, 17th and 20th generation hPA-MSCs cultured in vitro using serum-free culture medium were observed. Their cell cycle, cell surface markers, and karyotype were analyzed, and relevant genes and cytokines were measured.

RESULTSThe shape of hPA-MSCs has remained as fusiform or short fusiform, and there was no significant change. About 93% of hPA-MSCs cells were in G0/G1 phase and remained stable. No obvious chromosomal translocation, loss or inversion was noted by karyotyping analysis. Cytokines expression level remained stable. Related gene expression level as a whole was on the decline, but the gene expression level of the first five generations showed very slight variations, with genetic characteristics remaining stable.

CONCLUSIONThe hPA-MSCs cultured in vitro with serum-free medium has retained stable in the first five generations.

Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; physiology ; Placenta ; cytology ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVES: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the third cause of hospital-acquired AKI, and existing clinical prevention and treatment measures such as hydration therapy and/or administration of antioxidants N-acetylcysteine treatment and other treatments still show little effect on the prevention and treatment of CI-AKI. This study aims to explore the effect of Danhong injection on prevention of CI-AKI. METHODS: A total of 12 867 patients, who received coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, enhanced CT or vascular intervention in a tertiary hospital, were enrolled for this study. Among them, 423 in the treatment group received intravenous drip of Danhong injection, and 12 444 in the control group received routine medicine. Propensity score matching was conducted to balance confounding factors between the 2 groups and then the prevention effect of Danhong injection on CI-AKI was compared between them. RESULTS: A total of 423 pairs of patients were matched successfully. The incidence of CI-AKI in the non-Danhong control group was higher than that in the Danhong treatment group (5.7% vs 2.4%). The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant ( CONCLUSIONS The results of this study support the use of Danhong injection in the prevention of the Stage 1 of CI-AKI.
Acute Kidney Injury/prevention & control* ; Contrast Media/adverse effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Injections ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Propensity Score ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that can bind to DNA and act as a co-factor for gene transcription. When released into extracellular fluid, it plays a proinflammatory role by acting as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP) (also known as an alarmin) to initiate innate immune responses by activating multiple cell surface receptors such as the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and toll-like receptors (TLRs), TLR2, TLR4 or TLR9. This proinflammatory role is now considered to be important in the pathogenesis of a wide range of kidney diseases whether they result from hemodynamic changes, renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, kidney tissue fibrosis or inflammation. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of HMGB1 in kidney diseases and how the HMGB1-mediated signaling pathway may constitute a new strategy for the treatment of kidney diseases.