Ubiquitin-like proteins are structurally similar to ubiquitin. These proteins are processed, activated, conjugated, and re-leased from conjugates by enzymatic steps that are similar to the corresponding mechanisms for ubiquitin. Ubiquitin-like proteins regu-late a wide array of cellular processes through modification processes, such as nuclear-cytosolic transport, transcriptional regulation, protein stability, response to stress, and progression through the cell cycle. A large number of recent studies have found dysfunctional ubiquitin-like proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma. These proteins are important in tumorigenesis, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and an-giogenesis. Anticancer drug studies revealed that regulating protein modification by using ubiquitin-like proteins may alter the anti-tu-mor effects of chemotherapy and thus influence the chemosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma. Results indicate that ubiquitin-like proteins may become a new target for cancer therapy. The mechanism of ubiquitin-like proteins in tumorigenesis and hepatocellular car-cinoma progression is of great significance in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background and purpose: In recent years, more and more clinical researches on the neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast were carried out at home and abroad. Although there are quite a lot of the retrieved documents of NEBC at home and abroad, but large-scale reports are rare, besides, the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were different;more research are needed to analyze NEBC. This paper mainly discussed the NEBC clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out, 25 cases of Tumor Hospital Afifliated to Xinjiang Medical University from Jan. 2004 to Jun. 2013 were pathologically diagnosed as NEBC by clinical data and the follow-up. Results:The average age of 25 NEBC patients was 58.2 years old, without clinical and imaging characteristic features, immunohistochemistry staining showed that, the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positive rates were 76%and 64%. No one showed HER-2 strong positive. The follow-up was 9-115 months. Besides, 1-, 2-and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 100%, 95%and 88%, the disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 96%, 90%and 78%. Conclusion:The age of the patients with NEBC in this study was lower than the data abroad. Age, tumor size, pathological staging may be related to the prognosis of NEBC, and postoperative comprehensive treatment options need further study.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the status quo of teachers'teaching ability of standardized training for hospital pharma-cists in Beijing area,and provide reference for strengthening the faculty construction. METHODS:A dynamic assessment of stan-dardized training base for hospital pharmacists of 17 inpatients in Beijing area was conducted to organize evaluation experts to as-sess the teaching ability of outpatient pharmacy,ward pharmacy and clinical pharmacy in training base. Questionnaire was designed and trainees were organized to evaluate the teaching ability,time,attitude,feedback and others and related results of teaching in bases were vegarded as objects for analysis and summary. RESULTS:The overall ability of teaching was high,and the most promi-nent was clinical pharmacy,which was well received by trainees. But there are differences among departments,the ability of ward pharmacy is slightly lower than the clinical pharmacy and outpatient pharmacy. And the teaching ability still had great improvement. CONCLUSIONS:In order to improve the overall teacher strength in training base,competence-based training for hospital pharma-cists must be strengthened to encourage teachers to attend training courses,strengthen cultivation of humanistic quality and enrich students'evaluation forms.

Background and purpose: Tumor vasculature is increasingly recognized as a target for cancer therapy. In recent years, a fusion protein consisting of the extra cellular domain of tissue factor (truncated tissue factor, tTF) was fused to the antibody selectively binding to tumor vasculature. Antibody-truncated tissue factor(Ab-tTF) fusion protein specifically induced thrombotic occlusion of tumor vessels resulting in tumor growth retardation or regression in some types of solid tumors. However, there were still some disadvantages in the above approach. We constructed and expressed that the (RGD)_3-tTF fusion protein with peptides arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (GRGDSP, abbr. RGD)as the carrier of tTF to explore whether it bad the capability of targeting to tumor vasculature in the colonic carcinoma model. Methods: The (RGD)_3-tTF fusion gene consisting of the tTF was fused to three series-wound peptides RGD. The (RGD)_3-tTF construct was expressed in Escherichia coil BL21(DE_3). The fusion protein was purified through Nickel affinity chromatography column. The activity of inducing blood coagulation was detected by clotting assay and coagulation factor X (FX) activation assay. The specific binding to integrins α_vβ_3 was analyzed by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All these were compared with the fusion protein RGD-tTE Colonic nude mice models were randomly divided into 3 groups (1 nude mice per group).Tumors were stained by the (RGD)_3-tTE RGD-tTF fusion protein and tTF which were labeled with Fluorescein Isothiocyanate(FITC). The location of the (RGD)_3-tTF fusion protein in the colonic carcinoma bearing nude mice tissue was analyzed by immunofluorescence assay. Results: The (RGD)_3-tTF fusion protein retained tissue factor thrombogenic activities. With increasing concentration, the clotting time was shortened correspondingly. Under the conditions of Ca~(2+), the clotting time was 9.96±0.56 min when the concentration was 6 μmol/L(P<0.01). The (RGD)_3-tTF fusion protein could activise F X above 6 μmol/L concentration, which was similar to RGD-tTF fusion (F=0.147, P>0.05). The ability of the (RGD)_3-tTF fusion protein binding specifically to integrins α_vβ_3 was stronger than that of the RGD-tTF fusion protein in the same concentration (F=164.81, P<0.01), which was apparently indicated by the A_(405nm) 1.25 and 0.95 when the concentration was 0.24 μmol/L. Immunofluorescence assay showed that the (RGD)_3-tTF fusion protein was assembling in the tumor vasculature of the colonic carcinoma bearing nude mice. Conclusion: The (RGD)_3-tTF fusion protein which retained tissue factor thrombogenic activities could bind specifically and efficiently to tumor vasculature in the colonic carcinoma bearing mice through binding to the tumor marker integrins α_vβ_3. It might be a promising foundation for further studies on the colon cancer molecular targeted therapy with tTF as an effective factor.

Purpose To prepare a novel fusion protein of CREKA and tTF as a universal carrier targeting to cancer,and to analyze its activities.Methods CREKA and tTF gene were acquired by PCR,and inserted into plasmid pET22b(+)to construct recombinant plasmid CREKA/tTF/pET22b(+),and the fusion gene was expressed in E.coli BL21.The fusion protein Wag purified through Nickel-affinity chromatography column.After purifying,the fusion protein was refold by subsequent dialysis.The activities of the fusion proteins were measured by coagulation timing and quantitative fluorescence test in vitro.Results The recombinant plasmid CREKA/tTF/pET22b(+)with correct sequence was obtained.The fusion protein was highly expressed in E.coli BL21.The coagulation of the fusion protein Was determined by the coagulation test.And the capability of the fusion protein effectively binding to clotted plasma proteins is identified in quantitative fluorescence test.Conclusion The recombinant plasmid CREKA/tTF/pET22b(+)with correct sequence was built.The fusion protein CREKA/tTF with both TF and CREKA activity was successfully obtained.

Ischemic stroke is an important cause of death and disability.Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a serious complication of acute ischemic stroke,especially in patients receiving intravenous thrombolytic therapy.Identifying patients at high risk of HT is very important for improving stroke outcomes.Some studied have shown that several serum biomarkers can be used to predict HT risk in patients with acute ischemic stroke.This article reviews the serum biomarkers of HT after acute ischemic stroke.

Objective To improve some surgical model techniques of rat orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods Two-cuff(portal vein and infrahepatic vena cava) technique was applied to the production of the animal model in SD and Wistar rats.Results With the improvements a successful rate of 85% was achieved in the production of the experimental model with anhepatic period of an average 21 minutes.Conclusion The results show that the model is stable and can be used in the experiment of liver transplantation in the rats.

BACKGROUND:Since cannulated screw has been applied to femoral neck fracture, it is not uncommon that the screw wear penetrates or refunds. What factors affect the stability of cannulated screw for treatment of femoral neck fractures in adults remains unclear. ＜br> OBJECTIVE:To explore factors related to internal fixation failure by cannulated screws in treatment of adult femoral neck fracture and improve the stability of the adult femoral neck fracture by cannulated screws. ＜br> METHODS:A total of 92 adult patients of femoral neck fracture were treated by cannulated screws in our department between June 2007 and June 2011. Their data were retrospectively analyzed. According to clinical information and fol ow-ups, we selected factors such as age, gender, Garden type of fracture, preoperative skeletal traction, timing of surgery, Garden index, standards of pedicle screws, pedicle screw shapes, partial weight bearing time and postoperative complications, which may affect the success rate of cannulated screws for ＜br> treating femoral neck fracture. The selected factors were then grouped and assigned, after unrelated factors were excluded by one-way χ2 analysis, multiariable Logistic regression analysis was performed. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The involved 92 patients were fol owed up for 18-72 months. According to Harris assessment criteria, hip function was excellent in 28 cases, good in 25 cases, fair in 17 cases, and poor in 22 cases at the final fol ow-up, the excellent and good rate was 58%. Radiographic results showed that, the patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of the displacement, GardenⅠ (n=22) and GardenⅡ (n=29) as a group, and Garden Ⅲ (n=25) and Garden Ⅳ (n=16) as the other group, the fixation failure rate was 12%and 39%, respectively. In normol and abnormal Garden Index groups, the fixation failure rate was 16%and 59%, respectively. In nail position standards and non-attainment standards groups, the fixation failure rate was 19%and 70%, respectively. In the complication and non-complication groups, the fixation failure rate was 14%and 55%, respectively. These factor groups showed significant differences (P＜0.05). Multiariable Logistic regression analysis showed that, Garden type of fracture, Garden index, standards of pedicle screws, and postoperative complications are the risk factors for internal fixation failure using cannulated screws in treatment of the adult femoral neck fracture.

Objective:To express and purify a new fusion protein(RGD/tTF) for targeting therapy of cancer, and analyze its activities.Methods:The fused gene RGD/tTF was constructed by PCR, and then was inserted into vector pET22 b(+),expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3).The fusion protein was purified through Nickel-affinity chromatography column. The tTF activity of the fusion protein was analyzed by clotting assay and FⅩ activation assay. The specific binding of RGD/tTF to ?_v?_3 was analyzed by indirect ELISA.Results:The recombinant plasmid pET22 b(+)/RGD/tTF with correct sequence was obtained. The fusion protein was expressed with high yield in E.coli BL21(DE3). The purified fusion protein could activiate FⅩ and cause blood coagulation, and bind to ?_v?_3 specifically.Conclusion:The recombinant plasmid pET22 b(+)/RGD/tTF was constructed.The fusion protein retained TF activity and binding specificity to ?_v?_3, lays the foundation for studying the function of inducing thrombosis in tumor vasculature in vivo.

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical effective differences between acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese herbs for functional dyspepsia with emotional disorder.

METHODSEighty patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 40 cases in each one. In the observation group, based on the basic treatment Zusanli (ST 36), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Zhongwan (CV 12), Danzhong (CV 17), Neiguan (PC 6), Taichong (LR 3), Ganshu (BL 18), Geshu (BL 17) and Danshu (BL 19) were selected once every day or every other day. The treatment was given 14 times. In the control group, based on the basic treatment individual therapy of Chinese herbs according to syndrome differentiation was applied,one dose a day. Patients were treated for 4 weeks in the two groups. The scores of self-rating depression scale (SDS), the main symptoms and satisfied degree by self-rating for treatment were observed before and after 4-week treatment in the two groups. Also, the rate and the average time of return visit were compared in 6 months after treatment. Results After treatment, the SDS scores and the main symptoms scores were all improved compared with those before treatment in the two groups (all P< 0. 05). After 4-week treatment, the improvement of the SDS score in the observation group was better than that in the control group (48. 9±8. 5 vs 53. 1±8. 0, P<0. 05). After 1-week treatment and 4-week treatment, the improvements of the main symptoms in the observation group were superior to those in the control group (2. 7 ± 1. 0 vs 3. 3±0. 9, 1. 5±0. 9 vs 2. 3±1. 1, both P<0. 05), and the satisfied degree scores by self-rating were better than those in the control group (3. 0±1. 1 vs 3. 8±1. 3, 2. 0±1. 4 vs 2. 9±1. 5, both P<0. 05). In 6 months after treatment,the return visit rate in the observation group was 42. 5% (17/40), and it was lower than 70. 0% (28/40) in the control group (P<0. 05). The average time of return visit in the observation group was less than that in the control group (1. 0±0.8 vs 1. 9±0. 7, P<0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe effect of acupuncture-moxibustion or functional dyspepsia with emotional disorder is better than that of Chinese medicine.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Dyspepsia ; psychology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Treatment Outcome