Objective To investigate the impact and relationship between family income level (FIL) and prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome (MS) of golden wedding couples in Rugao city. Methods Random sample survey of golden wedding couples about MS in Rugao city was run recently, including relevant indexes of MS, insulin resistance (IR) degree (from HOMA-IR) and family income level. 587 couples were divided into three groups according to FIL by rapid cluster analysis: 196 with low FIL as group A, 196 with middle FIL as group B and 195 with high FIL as group C. The prevalence rate of MS, abnormal rates of blood pressure(BP), blood lipids, blood glucose including fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and postprandial 2 hours plasma glucose (2 h PG), body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance (IR) of all groups were calculated and compared. Results The prevalence rate of MS in group B (17.60%) was lower than that in group A (26.02%)and group C (27.81%)(P

Objective To prepare the chitosan-potD nanoparticles and to evaluate its protective efficacy against pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization. Methods potD gene was amplificated from pneumococcal genome and was inserted into pVAX1 expression vectors to construct pVAX1-potD recombinant plasmid which was then transfected into 293T cell using LipofectAMINE 2000 to analyze transient potD gene expression in vitro by RT-PCR and Western blot. Chitosan-potD nanoparticles were freshly prepared by coacervation methods at each time and the characterizations of the nanoparticles were then evaluated. BALB/c mice were immunized with chitosan-potD, naked potD DNA or pVAX1 for 4 times at two-week intervals. Anti-PotD IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a levels in serum and IgA levels in nasal washes, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and middle ear lavages(MEL) were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL-17A, IL-4 and IFN-γ levels in splenocytes were determined by double sandwich ELISA. Mice were intrannsally challenged with Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC6303, and Pneumococci were recovered from the nasopharyngeal niche at the fifth day after challenge. Results potD gene was successfully amplificated by PCR and the sequence was confimed to be consistent with that in the Genbank. The pVAX1-potD recombinant plasmid was successfully constructed and was expressed in eukaryocytes in vitro. The mean size and zeta potential of chitosan-potD nanoparticles was 430 nm and + 20.5 mv, respectively. Chitosan-potD nanoparticles were not digested by DNase Ⅰ , while naked potD DNA was completely digested. The levels of antibodies inculding IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgA and cytokines including IL-17A, IL-4 and IFN-γ were significantly higher in mice immunized with chitosan-potD nanoparticles than mice with naked potD or pVAX1 ( P <0.05) only. More importantly, much less Pneumococci were recovered from mice immunized with chitosan-potD nanoparticles than the other groups(P <0.05). Conclusion Chitosan-potD nanoparticles significantly enhanced the immunogenicity and protection efficacy of DNA vaccines by intranasal immunization and could be used as a potential mucosal vaccine to prevent pneumococcal infection.

BACKGROUND:After the initial hip replacement, aseptic or infective loosening and subsidence of the prosthesis, acetabular wear, pain, osteolysis and other factors may lead to the loss of prosthesis stability and loss of joint function, which are the common cause of hip arthroplasty. Among the hip arthroplasty, acetabular lateral reconstruction is essential and largely determines the success or failure of revision surgery. ＜br> OBJECTIVE:To explore the present situation of reconstructing acetabulum after total hip arthroplasty. ＜br> METHODS:A computer-based online search of PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) between January 1998 and March 2014, and CNKI database (http://www.cnki.net/) from January 2003 to March 2014 was undertaken for the articles about reconstructing acetabulum after total hip arthroplasty. The key words were“artificial joint, reconstruction, acetabular lateral reconstruction, current situation”in Chinese and“reconstructed acetabulum, total hip arthroplasty”in English. Article about hip reconstruction, acetabyular reconstruction, bone defect reconstruction, prosthesis choice and reconstruction, and soft tissue balance were also selected. Repetitive researches were excluded. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:According to inclusion criteria, 26 articles were involved in this study. A perfect acetabular revision should achieve the fol owing goals:stabilize acetabular prosthesis after acetabular revision;recover hip rotation center and biomechanical properties;repair acetabular bone defects and increase hip bone. Adequate preparation before surgery is an important prerequisite for the success of surgery and good results, aseptic and septic loosening or subsidence of the prosthesis, as wel as acetabular wear and tear are common causes of hip revision. Intraoperative reconstruction of acetabular anteversion and camber angles, acetabular rotation center reconstruction, reconstruction of acetabular bone defects, selection of reconstruction of acetabular prosthesis, and reconstruction of soft tissue balance are the core technologies of reconstructing acetabulum after total hip arthroplasty.

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play an important role in hepatic fibrogenesis.In response to liver injury, HSCs undergo a process called activation, which involves 2 stepsinitiation from quiescent phenotype to myofibroblast-like phenotype, and perpetuation that maintains the activated phenotype of HSCs. The fate of the activated HSCs depends on the apoptotic and survival signals that they receive. The apoptosis of HSCs results from a series of complex and interrelated signaling events. Apoptotic signals for the activated HSCs include proteins from membrane receptors, such as death receptors, nerve growth factor receptor and peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor, as well as proteins from cytoplasm such as Bcl-2 family members. The survival signals for the activated HSCs are induced by some kinases and cytokines including tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1, Rho/Rho kinase, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor beta-l, and insulin-like growth factor-1. Approaches that specifically initiate HSC apoptosis are promising to be direct and effective strategies to treat liver fibrosis. Although it remains unclear whether the activated HSCs could be reversed back to the quiescent phenotype,the different expression and sensitivity of pro-apoptotic and survival molecules between quiescent and activated HSCs provide a prospect to develop therapeutic approaches that specifically targets apoptosis of the activated HSCs. These therapeutic strategies to induce HSC apoptosis are current research hotspot and the future for the patients with liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of edaravone combined with ulinastatin on the treatment of brain injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis.Methods A total of 100 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 10 groups that consisted of a normal control 6 and 48 hour group,a SAP 6 and 48 hour group,an edaravone treated 6 and 48 hour group,a ulinastatin treated 6 and 48 hour group,and finally a combination of edaravone and ulinastatin treated 6 and 48 hour group.Each group included 10 rats.Neurobehavioral scores were observed and a series of blood,pancreatic tissue,and brain tissue samples were obtained at 6 and 48 hours after operation.Serum amylase,brain tissue Evans Blue content,brain tissue water content,and the histopathological change of the pancreas and brain tissues were observed.Serum TNF-α was detected by RIA.The TNF-α mRNA and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) p65 activity in brain tissues were measured with RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry,respectively.Results In contrast to the 48 hour SAP,edaravone treated,and ulinastatin treated groups,the serum amylase,brain tissue Evans Blue content,brain tissue water content,histopathological score of the rat pancreas and brain tissue,serum TNF-a,TNF-a mRNA,and NF-κB p65 activity in brain tissues significantly decreased while neurobehavioral scores significantly increased in the 48 hour combined edaravone and ulinastatin treatment group (P＜0.01).Conclusion Edaravone combined with ulinastatin can play a protective role on brain injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis.

Objective To prepare a conjugate vaccine by linking Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)polysaccharide to PsaA protein carrier and evaluate the immunogenicity and efficacy of the conjugate vaccine. Methods A recombinant protein rPsaA,expressed by using the genetic engineering technology, was used as a protein carrier to prepare conjugate vaccine together with Hib polysaccharide. Ten mice at age of 3 weeks were immunized with the conjugate vaccine,while another 10 age-matched mice were immunized with Hib-tetanus toxoid(Hib-TT)vaccine which was produced formerly as a control. The mice treated with equal volume of PBS were set up as the negative control. The IgG antibodies in serum samples against PsaA and Hib polysaccharide were detected in two weeks after the final immunization. A suspension of Pneumococ-cus was injected into the middle ears of mice from experiment and control group. Histopathological analysis was performed to measure the clearance of bacteria in the middle ears and the severity of infection on days 3 and 7 after bacterial challenge. Results The rPsaA protein was prepared by the genetic engineering tech-nology and purified successfully with anion-exchange column. The Hib polysaccharide-PsaA protein conju-gate vaccine was prepared through a series of amide condensation reactions. The detection of IgG antibodies against PsaA protein and Hib polysaccharide in the immunized mice demonstrated that there was no signifi-cant difference with the titer of IgG against Hib polysaccharide between the mice immunized with the Hib-PsaA conjugate vaccine and those immunized with the Hib-TT vaccine. Less Pneumococcus strains were de-tected in the middle ears of mice immunized with the conjugate vaccine than those mice immunized with the Hib-TT vaccine three days after challenge. The mice from control group showed severe inflammation in the middle ears than those from experiment group. The Hib polysaccharide-PsaA protein conjugate vaccine im-proved protection against Pneumococcus infections as compared with the Hib-TT vaccine. Conclusion The rPsaA protein could be produced by genetic engineering technology and purified by anion-exchange column. The Hib polysaccharide was successfully conjugated with the rPsaA protein through amide condensation reac-tion. Both anti-PsaA and anti-Hib immune responses were induced in young mice by the injection of Hib pol-ysaccharide-PsaA protein conjugate vaccine. Apart from providing protection against Hib infection,the con-jugate vaccine might also be used for the prevention of acute otitis media caused by Pneumococcus infection.

Assessing dry weight accurately is crucial in providing effective and safe haemodialysis. Biases towards dry weight assessment may bring a series of dialysis complications. This study introduces an online detection technique of relative blood volume (RBV) based on ultrasound, which analyzes the correlation between changes in blood density and sound speed. By measuring the attenuation in sound velocity, this method was employed to calculate RBV, and then to evaluate the dry weight of patients on dialysis. TDC-GP2 time measurement chip and MSP430 Single-chip Microcontroller (SCM) were used in the system to measure the ultrasonic travel time. In the clinical trials, RBV values range between 71.3% and 108.1%, showing consistent result with Fresenius 4008S blood volume monitor (BVM). This detection method possesses several advantages, such as real time, convenient, reproducible, non-invasive, and etc.
Blood Volume ; Body Weight ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Renal Dialysis ; Ultrasonics

Objective To investigate the improvement of postpartum pelvic floor by rehabilitation training assessed with three-dimensional transperineal ultrasound . Methods One hundred cases of healthy postpartum women were randomly divided into two groups :control group and training group .The control group received the customary education ,and the training group received pelvic floor rehabilitation training . At 6 and 12 weeks postpartum ,levator hiatus area ,thickness of the levator ani muscle ,bladder neck mobility ,and bladder posterior horn were measured with three-dimensional transperineal ultrasound in all the subjects . Meanwhile ,the muscle strength situations were tested . Results At 12 weeks postpartum ,the anal levator hiatal area ,bladder neck mobility and bladder posterior horn in the training group were lower than those of the control group[ ( 21 .6 ± 3 .2) cm 2 vs ( 25 .6 ± 2 .4 ) cm 2 ,( 27 .9 ± 5 .3) mm vs ( 31 .5 ± 5 .9) mm ,( 126 .3 ± 21 .2)° vs (135 .3 ± 11 .6)°] ( P < 0 .05) . Compared with control group ,the thickness of the levator ani muscle increased in training group [ ( 13 .6 ± 2 .3) mm vs ( 15 .3 ± 2 .5) mm ] ( P < 0 .05) . The incidence of stress urinary incontinence in the training group ( 5% ) was significantly lower than the control group ( 12 .5% ) at 12 weeks postpartum ( χ2 = 5 .487 , P = 0 .025) . The muscle strength had no significant difference at 6 weeks postpartum . At 12 weeks postpartum ,the pass rate of class Ⅰ muscle fiber was 78 .5% ,and that of class Ⅱ muscle fiber was 83 .3% in the training group ;the pass rate of class Ⅰ muscle fiber was 28 .5% ,and class Ⅱ muscle fiber was 37 .3% in the control group , the improvement was significant at 12 weeks postpartum . Conclusions The result of the transperineal real-time ultrasonographic evaluation of post-natal pelvic floor rehabilitation training has high consistency with the measurement of muscle strength . The ultrasound examination is simple and accurate ,and has highly applicable value in evaluating the effect of post-pelvic rehabilitation training .

Objective To establish reference values of normal fetal heart conduction time intervals by tissue Doppler imaging(TDI)and pulsed Doppler(PD)echocardiography,and to assess their correlation with gestational-age and fetal heart rate.Methods One hundred and eighty-nine pregnant women underwent detailed echocardiographic examinations.Atrio-ventricular conduction time interval(AV)and the time interval from onset of ventricular contraction to the onset of atrial contraction of next cardiac cycle(VA)were measured by TDI and PD echocardiography.Results TDI-AV was(126.56±15.33)ms(95% CI 124.10～129.03 ms),TDI-VA was(285.22±24.53)ms(95% CI 281.27～289.16 ms),PD-AV was(127.42±12.88)ms(95% CI 125.35～129.49 ms),PD-VA was(287.42±25.19)ms(95% CI 283.37～291.47 ms).A paired t test revealed no systematic difference between the two approaches used to measure AV and VA.AV and VA were significantly positively correlated with gestational age,and significantly negatively correlated with fetal heart rate.Heart conduction time intervals were altered in fetus with paroxysmal arrhythmia.Conclusions This study established the normal values of fetal heart conduction time intervals.Prenatal determination of fetal heart conductional time intervals has important potential clinical utility in assessing fetal arrhythmia.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum Betatrophin levels and metabolic parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) .Methods:98 patients with PCOS (PCOS group) treated in Zhengzhou People’s Hospital from Dec. 2017 to Sep. 2019 were selected. They were divided into non-obese group ( n=45) and obese group ( n=53) according to BMI value; They were divided into non-IR group ( n= 21) and IR group ( n=77) according to HOMA-IR value; They were divided into non-hyperandrogen group ( n=24) and hyperandrogen group ( n=74) according to TT level; Another 90 healthy women were taken as the control group. The baseline data, lipid metabolism indexes, hormone indexes, glucose metabolism indexes and Betatrophin levels of the two groups were recorded. Pearson test and logisitc regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors related to the increase of serum Betatrophin level in patients with PCOS. Results:Compared with the control group, PCOS group had higher level of BMI, body fat, WHR, VLDL, LDL, TG, TC, FAI, TT, LH, DHEA-S, 17-OHP, FSH, FBG, FINS, and HOMA-IR, while the HDL level was significantly lower. The difference was significant ( P<0.01). Serum Betatrophin level in obese group was significantly higher than that in the control group (163.99±126.97 vs 110.99±102.97), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.21, P<0.001) ; serum Betatrophin level in IR group was higher than that in the control group (160.26±136.80 vs 133.17±112.06), and the serum Betatrophin level in IR group was higher than that in the control group (173.51±147.85 vs 144.26±124.56), but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Serum Betatrophin levels in PCOS group were positively correlated with BMI, WHR, TG, FAI, FBG, FINS ( P<0.05), and negatively correlated with HDL ( P<0.05). Logistic analysis showed that BMI, WHR and TG were independent factors affecting the increase of serum Betatrophin level. Conclusion:Serum Betatrophin levels of PCOS patients are significantly increased, and BMI, WHR, TG, HDL, FAI, FBG, FINS may play an important role in the occurrence and development of PCOS and obesity, insulin resistance, blood lipids and androgen metabolism disorders.