Purpose To observe the ultrasonographic features of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) in preterm infants, to evaluate the value of cranial ultrasound for early diagnosis of PIVH. Materials and Methods 555 cases of premature children underwent bedside cranial ultrasound examination, characteristics of their ultrasound images were retrospectively analyzed and categorized with Papile grading, gradeⅢandⅣPIVH were defined as severe bleeding. Results 125 PIVH cases (22.52%) were detected by ultrasound, of which 111 cases (88.8%) were Papile gradeⅠ, manifested as hyperechoic group localized in the rear and below lateral ventricle anterior horn and in the sulcus of hypothalamic caudate nucleuscaudate;7 cases (5.6%) were Papile gradeⅡ, manifested as increased echogenicity, irregular widen or isolated mass shadow of the choroid plexus within the triangle zone and posterior horn of the lateral ventricle;7 cases (5.6%) were Papile gradeⅢ, manifested as hyperechoic group within the lateral ventricle with ventricular dilatation. 7 cases (1.26%) were severe PIVH. Overall incidence rates of PIVH in premature children whose gestational age was <32 weeks and ≥ 32 weeks were 45.05% and 16.89% respectively; overall incidence rates of PIVH for preterm infants whose birth weight were <1500 g and ≥ 1500 g were 44.16% and 19.04%, overall incidence of PIVH of preterm infants with gestational age<32 weeks and birth weight<1500 g was significantly higher than their contemporaries with gestational age≥32 weeks and birth weight ≥1500 g, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=40.334, 23.978; P<0.01). Conclusion Incidence of PIVH becomes higher when the gestational age of preterm child is smaller and the birth weight is lower. Performing routine cranial ultrasound examination for preterm infants is important for early diagnosis of PIVH and Papile grading, thus will instruct the clinical intervention in early stage.

Both levels of serum leptin and BMI were significantly higher in T2DM patients with severe NAFL (n=61) than those in T2DM with mild NAFL (n=24), T2DM without NAFL (n=45) and in normal control (n=30).