Objective To investigate the effect of one-stage total hip arthroplasty (THA) for advanced active tuberculosis of the hip.Methods Data of 19 patients who had received one-stage THA for advanced active tuberculosis of the hip in our hospital from September 1998 to October 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 14 males (15 hips) and 5 females (5 hips),aged from 21 to 74 years (average,44.1 years).According to the clinicoradiologic classification of tuberculosis of the hip introduced by Babhulkar and Pande,there were 3 cases of grade Ⅲ and 16 cases of grade Ⅳ.The average time interval from onset of symptoms to THA was 15.1 weeks (range,5-26 weeks).Chest radiographs showed old pulmonary tuberculosis in 3 patients.One patient had a sinus tract in hip skin.The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in all patients.The antituberculous medication was applied for at least 2 weeks preoperatively and 9 to 12 months postoperatively.Results All patients were followed up for 12 to 142 months (average,57 months).Dislocation of the hip occurred in 1 patient 6 days after operation,which was cured by manual reduction.Tuberculosis recurrence occurred in 1 patient 5 months after operation,which was cured after debridement without removing component and antituberculous medication for 1 year.Cup loosening was found in 1 patient 9 years after operation.No reactivation of infection or implant loosening was found in other patients.The average Harris score improved from preoperative 35 (range,27-46) to 90 (range,65-96) at final follow-up.Conclusion One-stage THA can be safely performed in advanced active tuberculosis of the hip,which can relief symptoms and improve hip function.