Objective]To measure and compare the MRI artifacts caused by common metal ic dental materials and common ceramic dental materials on different field-strength magnets.[Methods] A total of 3 common metal ic dental materials and 2 common ceramic dental materials were tested with 0.35T, 1.5T and 3.0T MR imagers. The artifact areas on these 3 different field-strength magnets were measured and statistical y compared. [Results]Zirconia in three field magnetic resonance(NMR) in T1 and T2 as no artifacts, casting porcelain, metal al oy, nickel chromium al oy and CoCr-al oy in three fields magnetic resonance(NMR) in T1 and T2 as al can produce different degree of artifacts, and artifacts area increased in turn. Cobalt chromium al oy and nickel chromium al oy measurements on the high side, the cobalt chromium al oy than other four kinds of materials on the high side( P<0.05),high nickel-chromium al oy was precious metal al oy, casting porcelain( P<0.05). [Conclusions]Commonly used metal ic dental materials could cause MR artifacts and image degradation. Compared with that on 0.35T, the artifact was increased on 1.5T magnet. Compared with that on 1.5T, the artifact was increased on 3.0T magnet.

Objective To provide evidence for decision-making on bladder cancer prevention through investigating the main risk factors related to the incidence of bladder cancer in Chinese population.Methods Using the search terms "bladder neoplasm" and "smoking", the literature from January 1979 to June 2005 on the relationship between risk factors and bladder carcinoma was searched from MEDLINE database and PubMed database,and was studied by Meta-analysis.At the same time,ORs of randomized model and fixed model were calculated to evaluate the sensitivity.Results Totally,23 epidemiological studies on risk factors of bladder cancer were analyzed synthetically by Meta-analysis.The cumulative cases and controls were 7 600 and 5 002,respectively.The pooled odds ratio(OR) values and 95% CIs were as follows:smoking,1.38(1.22-1.57);contacting chemicals,1.95(1.74-2.19);drinking alcohol,2.53(1.60-4.00);drinking coffee,1.31(1.04-1.64);family history of bladder cancer,4.43(3.54-5.53);and gender,4.12(3.71-8.14);respectively(P

Objective To investigate the effect of different instillation methods on recurrence of superficial bladder carcinoma after surgical operation by meta-analysis.Methods Literatures in the relationship between different instillation methods and recurrence of superficial bladder carcinoma issued from January 1989 to February 2005 were retrieved and the effects were quantitatively estimated with fixed-effect model and random-effect model by meta-analysis.Results Forty-three copies of related literatures were included in the analysis.Combined OR of the instillation methods excluding BCG,only BCG instillation and combined instillation of BCG and other drugs for the recurrence of bladder carcinoma after surgical operation was 0.55(95%CI:0.40~0.74),0.32(95%CI:0.06~1.64) and 0.43(95%CI:0.33~0.57),respectively.Funnel plot showed symmetrically distributed studies,indicating little publication bias and reliable conclusions.Conclusions Only BCG instillation and combined instillation of BCG and other drugs could effectively lower recurrence of superficial bladder carcinoma after surgical operation.

Objective To study the therapeutically effect of rAAV-TIE model in vivo. Meth-ods Cell suspensions of T24 cells were injected into the subcutaneously of right scapular region of nude mice. The nude mice were raised under SPF condition and the xenograft tumor growth was ob-served. Bearing tumor nude mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: rAAV-MCS group, rAAV-Tk group, rAAV-ES group, rAAV-TIE group and control group. Four weeks later of treatment, the nude mice were sacrificed. The xenografts tumors were fixed for HE staining. The liver tissue and ne-phridial tissue were also fixed for HE stain. The blood sample and endostatin concentration was as-sayed by ELISA. Results After 3 weeks of injected with T24 cells on nude mice, 25 showed visible tumor on the injected location. The rate of tumor formation was 93%. After 9 days injected by rAAV-ES, rAAV-TK, rAAV-TIE, the tumor volume were: rAAV-ES group(0.75±0.08)cm3 , rAAV-TK group(0.71±0.11)cm3 , rAAV-TIE group(0.52±0.09)cm3 , rAAV-MCS group(1.27±0.13)cm3 and control group (1.24±0.17)cm3. The microvessel density in the different groups were as follow-ings: rAAV-ES group(18.72±2.53)/HP, rAAV-TK group(21.74±4.62)/HP, rAAV-TIE group (12.73±1.78)/HP, rAAV-MCS group(52.38±6.46)/HP and control group(49.94±7.17)/HP. The endostatin concentration in the diffcrent groups were as followings: rAAV ES group(38.52 6.53)μg/L and rAAV-TIE group(40.33±7.48)μg/L. HE staining confirmed the tumor. The liver tissue and kidncy tissue of each group had no obviously cell degeneration or necrosis. Conclusion The rAAV-TIE could inhibit tumor induced angiogenesis and suppress both the initiation and the subse-quent growth of human bladder cancer in nude mice model.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of sertraline plus doxazosin and tadalafil in the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE).Methods From Feb.to Aug.2011,One hundred and five patients from 19 to 52 years old with PE but without any obvious organic cause were enrolled in this study.They were randomly divided into Groups A,B and C in equal number.All the three Groups received 50 mg sertraline daily 4 to 6 hours before planned sexual activity for 12 weeks,Group B were added with 4 mg Doxazosin every day 8 to 9 hour before planned sexual activity,and Group C were given 20 mg Tadalafil as needed one hour before planned sexual activity.The mean intravaginal ejaculatory latency time,the mean intercourse satisfaction domain values and the sexual activity satisfaction domain values of the patient couples of group A before treatment were 0.6±±0.1 min,8.3±1.3,5.3±1.4; Group B were 0.6±0.1 min,7.6± 1.5,5.6± 1.5 ; Group C were 0.6±0.1 min,8.1 ± 1.1,5.0± 1.2,respectively.We observed before and after the treatment for 12 weeks and the effects were evaluated.Results The mean intravaginal ejaculatory latency time,the mean intercourse satisfaction domain values and the sexual activity satisfaction domain values of the patient couples of group A were 3.9±0.l min,10.6±0.1,9.7±0.1,respectively; Group B were 4.5 ± 0.1 min,12.8±1.3,11.9±1.6; Group C were 5.6±0.3 min,14.6±1.4,13.1±1.5,respectively.The mean intravaginal ejaculatory latency time improved in all of the 3 groups,but more significantly in Group B and C (P＜0.05).The mean intercourse satisfaction domain values of the IIEF were significantly greater in Group B and C than in Group A (P＜0.05) after the treatment; and the sexual activity satisfaction domain values of the patient couples were greater in Group C than in Group B after the treatment,but it is not significant.As for the side effects,5 cases in group A felt headaches and dizzy (14.3％),8 cases in group B felt headaches and dizzy (22.9％),and in group C,9 cases felt headaches and dizzy (25.7％),6 cases experienced flushing episodes on the body (17.1％).there was a higher rate of headaches (P＜0.05) and flushing episodes (P＜0.05) in Group B and C than in Group A.Conelusions Sertraline combined with Tadalafil or Doxazosin can achieve significantly better results than sertraline alone in patients with premature ejaculation.However,the combined treatment is associated with a slightly increased in the drug related side effects,and there is no significant difference in the efficacy of Sertraline Plus Tadalafil or Doxazosin in the treatment of premature ejaculation.

Evidence-based medicine was applied in the clinic teaching and ward inspection of superficial bladder cancer as far as no consensus was reached on its treatment.Some preferred to total cystectomy while others favored transurethral resection of bladder tumor and bladder instillation.In order to solve this problem,evidence-based medicine was applied in our clinic teaching procedure.Students were asked to read relative papers and draw the final conclusions with evidence-based medicine.Clinical guidance was provided for the students to promote clinical application.

Objective To evaluate the association between the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the 5-59A/G (rs2241027) of Htra2 gene and Parkinson's disease in Han population of the western GuangDong province. MethodsThe restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to determine the 5-59A/G polymorphism in the intron region of Htra2 gene in the case group (n=56) and healthy control group (n=109). ResultsA allele frequency of 5-59 A/G in cases (46.4%) was trended to more than that in controls (36.7%) (P=0.073), as well as the AA genotyping frequency (21.4% vs 11.0%, P=0.072). For the male, the frequency of AA genotype was significantly more in cases (25.7%) than that in controls (10.3%） (P=0.041), and the frequency of A allele was trended to more in cases (48.6%) than in controls (34.6%) (P=0.051). ConclusionA allele and AA genotype of the 5-59A/G (rs2241027) of Htra2 gene may increase the risk of suffering from Parkinson's disease, especially for males.

Objective To investigate the correlation between G753A and C1040T polymorphisms in the gene encoding region of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI )and cerebral infarction in patients with cerebral infarction in Chinese Han population. Methods C1040T and G753A poly-morphisms in the TAFI gene encoding region in 130 patients with cerebral infarction and 118 healthy subjects (control group)were analyzed retrospectively and they were detected by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP ). Results The GG genotyping of the TAFI gene G753A polymorphism in the cerebral group was 41. 5%(n=54)and the A allele carriers were 58. 5%(n=76),while those in the control group were 44. 9%(n=53)and 55. 1%(n=65)respectively. There were no significant differences in the GG genotyping of TAFI gene G753A polymorphism and the A allele carriers between the cerebral infarction group and the control group (χ2 =0. 288,P=0. 592). In the cerebral infarction group,the CC genotyping of C1040T polymorphism was 50. 0%(n=65)and T allele carriers were 50. 0%(n=65),while those in the control group were 51. 7%(n=61)and 48. 3%(n=57)respectively. There were no significant differences in the GG genotyping of C1040T polymorphism and the T allele carriers between the two groups (χ2 =0.071,P =0.790 ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that G753A and C1040T single nucleotide polymorphisms (GA or AA genotype)in the TAFI gene encoding region were not the independent risk factors for cerebral infarction. Conclusion There are no significant differences in the correlation between the G753A and C1040T polymorphisms in the TAFI gene encoding region and cerebral infarction. They are not the independent risk factors for the onset of cerebral infarction.

Butanol production from acid hydrolysate of Jerusalem artichoke juice by Clostridium acetobutylicum L7 was investigated, and it was found that natural components of the hydrolysate were suitable for solvent production with the species. With batch fermentation using the medium containing 48.36 g/L total sugars, 8.67 g/L butanol was produced at 60 h, and the ratio of butanol to acetone to ethanol was 0.58:0.36:0.06, which were similar to the fermentation with fructose as carbon source, but both of these two fermentations were slower than that with glucose as carbon source, indicating the fructose transport of the species might not be effective as that for glucose. When the total sugars of the medium were increased to 62.87 g/L, the residual sugars increased slightly from 3.09 g/L to 3.26 g/L, but butanol production of the fermentation system was improved significantly, with 11.21 g/L butanol produced and the ratio of butanol to acetone to ethanol at 0.64:0.29:0.05, which illustrated that an excess in sugars enhanced the butanol biosynthesis of the species by compromising its acetone production. When the sugar concentration of the medium was further increased, much more sugars were remained unconsumed, making the process economically unfavourable.
Butanols ; metabolism ; Clostridium acetobutylicum ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Helianthus ; chemistry ; Industrial Microbiology ; methods

Objective To evaluate the clinical result of Hering's law in the correction of asymmetric bilateral ptosis.Methods From January 2014 to July 2016,165 cases divided into 2 groups with asymmetric bilateral ptosis in mild and moderate ptosis were corrected with aponeurosis advancement type correction:A group of 15 cases,in which the surgery does not consider the influence of Hering's law,the first correction of mild side,and then corrected the heavier side;B group of 150 cases,in which the Hering's law was applied,the first correction of severe side so that the margin reached the edge of the cornea is tangent or low 0.5-1.0 mm,and then corrected mild side.That the difference of symmetry between the two sides of the palpebral fissure was less than 0.5 mm,and the follow-up was more than 3 months.The Pearson chi square test was used to compare the differences between the two groups.Results In this group,165 cases were followed up for 3-24 months,10 cases (66.67％) was satisfactory in group A (15 cases);145 cases (96.67％) was satisfactory in group B (150 cases);After 3 months,all the failure cases got satisfactory result by using the Hering's law in corrective surgery again.The P value of chi square test between groups was less than 0.05.Conclusions The application of Hering's law in the correction of asymmetry bilateral ptosis is more satisfactory.