ObjectiveTo explore the role of autofluorescence bronchoscopy in lung cancer operation and the meaning of choice lung cancer operation mode.MethodsTo retrospectively analyze 32 non-small cell lung cancer patients.Before lung cancer operation,white light bronchoscopy (WLB) and autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) had been done routinely.Compared the different invasive tumor conditions by WLB and AFB,operation modes were decided by the edge of the tumor which were proved by biopsy pathology.ResultsIn 32 cases,19 cases underwent pulmonary lobectomy.One case underwent carinal resection and reconstruction.8 cases underwent sleeve lobectomy.4 cases underwent other therapy because of tumor airway metastasis.In 8 cases which underwent sleeve lobectomy,3 ca ses were found by WLB and AFB together,5 cases were found only by AFB.In 4 cases who had no operation chance,2 cases were found by WLB and AFB together,2 cases were only by AFB.The sensitivity for the detection of bronchial premalignant lesions was extremelyhigher withthe addition of AFB than WLBalone ( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionAutofluorescence bronchoscopy is a safe and efficient technique which could improve the sensitivity of diagnosis in lung cancer than WLB.It is important to select operation mode.

Objective: To observe the role of rmh-TNF in enhancing the anti-angiogenesis effect of cisplatin on Lewis lung carcinoma in the mice.Methods: Lewis lung carcinoma model was established in C57BL/6 mice.Sixty model mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group,rmh-TNF group(1500000 U/kg),cisplatin group(6.15 mg/kg), and rmh-TNF plus cisplatin group.Twelve days after implantation of cancer cells,different drugs were injected intra- tumorallv for 3d.The expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1?(HIF-1?)gene in the tumor was identified by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry(IHC)image analysis was performed to determine the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and kinase domain region receptor(KDR)expression and the microvessel density(MVD).Expression of matrix metallo- proteinase-2(MMP-2)was detected by flow cytometry.Results: The MVD values in the control group,the rmh-TNF group,the DDP group and the combination group were(24.76?1.28),(18.95?1.22),(19.53?1.15),(10.43?1.05),respectively,with those of the rmh-TNF and DDP groups significantly lower than that of the control group and higher than that of the combination group(all P

To investigate the effects of gambognic acid (GA) on TRAIL-induced apoptosis of cancer cells, human colon HT-29 cancer cells were treated with GA to promote apoptosis. Inhibition of the cell proliferation was measured with MTT assay and cell apoptosis was detected with formation of DNA ladders in agarose gel electrophoresis, and activation of caspase activity. The content of cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured with flow cytometry. The activities of Caspase-3, -8, -9 were detected using spectrophotometric assay. The levels of c-FLIP, CHOP, DR4 and DR5 in cells were tested by Western blot. Combination of GA (1 µg · mL(-1)) and TRAIL (40 ng · mL(-1)) significantly reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of HT-29 cells over those induced by each agent alone. Percentage of apoptotic cells was increased to 45.5%. GA markedly enhanced the intracellular ROS generation. Expression of CHOP, DR4 and DR5 was up-regulated to 7.38, 5.41, and 4.85 times of the control group, respectively. GA promoted activation of Caspase-3, -8, and -9 by TRAIL (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression of anti-apoptotic protein c-FLIP was down-regulated to 0.22 ± 0.08 times of the control group. In conclusion, GA sensitizes HT-29 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by promoting ROS-activated ERS pathways, up-regulating of DR4 and DR5, and inhibiting c-FLIP expression.
Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; Caspases ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Colonic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; HT29 Cells ; Humans ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; pharmacology ; Up-Regulation ; Xanthones ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVEHirschsprung's disease (HD), one of the most common causes resulting in lower intestinal obstruction in children, is prone to be misdiagnosed or to be missed from diagnosis because of its atypical clinical symptoms and inconspicuous morphological findings by barium enema X-ray. Recently, this situation has been largely ameliorated by increased comprehension of anorectal kinetics and improvement of instrument for measurement of anorectal pressure. By now, anorectal manometry (ARMM) has been regarded as a routine means for functional assessment and diagnosis for anorectal disease. Nevertheless, the accuracy rate of diagnosis of HD in neonate by ARMM remains to be elucidated. In this study the clinical evaluation of anorectal manometry as an early diagnostic method for neonates with Hirschsprung's disease was appraised.

METHODSForty-two HD patients defined by pathological study of rectal tissue obtained via rectal mucous membrane biopsy or operation were recruited in this study. ARMM was performed in liquid transmission using PC polygraph high rate gastrointestinal dynamical detection system (PC Polygraf HR, CTD-synectics, Sweden), with 4-lumen catheter with which a small 5-cm-long balloon was connected at the terminus. All children were positioned on their left side or back during the procedure and the pressure transducers were placed in the mid-axillary line level. The results of ARMM performed before operation or biopsy were compared with the results of barium enema X-ray testing. The decrease of internal anal sphincter pressure as rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) was measured based on the fluctuation curve of pressure detected. HD was defined when no decrease of anal catheter pressure was detected after insufflation (RAIR positive), and suspected HD state was assessed with the presentation of incomplete relaxation or positive/negative results coexisted (RAIR abnormal) in canal.

RESULTSThirty patients (71.43%) were diagnosed as HD by ARMM including 18 patients who showed negative response to RAIR and 12 patients whose response was abnormal. While barium enema examinations were carried out in all the 45 patients, the results showed 5 HD patients and 14 suspected HD patients, giving an overall diagnostic accuracy of 45.24%. There were also 16 patients with positive ARMM response and negative barium enema findings together, and 5 patients with negative ARMM results and positive barium enema findings at the same time. There was a significant difference between the two diagnostic methods (chi(m)(2) = 4.76, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAnorectal manometry seems to be a more reliable method for diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease in neonate than barium enema X-ray. Because ARMM is a simple, safe and non-invasive method, it can be used as a screening test of choice in neonates with clinically suspected HD. But for final diagnosis, it is reasonable to combine ARMM with other diagnostic methods in HD patients.

Anal Canal ; physiopathology ; Barium Sulfate ; Enema ; Hirschsprung Disease ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Manometry ; Rectum ; pathology ; physiopathology

Objective To evaluate contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging in the detection of leptomeningeal lesions.Methods Seventeen patients with a variety of leptomeningeal lesions were analyzed.The MRI protocol included un-enhanced and contrast-enhanced FLAIR images and contrast-enhanced T_1WI,Comparisons between contrast-enhanced FLAIR images and T_1WI and between un-enhanced and contrast-enhanced FLAIR images were made to determine which sequence better depicted the lesions.Results Leptomeningeal lesions showed as either diffusely or locally abnormal hyper-intensity along sulci or cistern on three sequences.Comparison between contrast-enhanced FLAIR and T_1WI showed that only contrast-enhanced FLAIR revealed the abnormalities in 7,both revealed the abnormalities but the former was superior in 2 ,and both were conspicuous in 7. In 1 patient of tuberculous meningitis,diffuse abnormalities of sulci were shown only on contrast-enhanced FLAIR, abnormalities of cisterns were shown on both sequences but the former was superior.Comparison between un- enhanced and contrast-enhanced FLAIR showed that only contrast-enhanced FLAIR revealed the abnormalities in 9,both revealed the abnormalities but the former was superior in 3,and both were conspicuous in 4. In 1 patient of tuberculous meningitis,abnormalities of cisterns were shown only on contrast-enhanced FLAIR,diffuseabnormalities of sulci were shown on both sequences but the former was superior.Conclusions Contrast-enhanced FLAIR images were superior to un-enhanced FLAIR images and contrast-enhanced T_1WI in the detection of leptomeningeal lesions. Contrast-enhanced FLAIR images are helpful and should be considered when findings on un-enhanced FLAIR images and/or contrast-enhanced T,WI are inconclusive.

OBJECTIVEto explore the characteristic factors of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) which have statistically significant correlation with hemodynamic aneurysms.

METHODSfrom August 1999 to July 2009, the clinical and imaging indices of 363 consecutive patients with AVM were retrospectively reviewed and entirely statistically analyzed. There were 229 male patients and 137 female patients, the mean age at the time of presentation was 28 ± 13 years. By using SPSS 16.0 medical statistic software, the correlation were analyzed between hemodynamic aneurysms and 13 characteristic factors associated with AVM through the methods of unit-factor and multi-factor analysis. Finally, the risk of the correlative factors filtered were evaluated.

RESULTSthe crosstabs analysis of unit-factor strongly suggested that the following factors, including age, location (supertentorium, subtentorium), size, number of main feeding arteries, number of drainage veins, ectasis of drainage veins, contralateral supply, and supply by both anterior and posterior circulation, were correlated with hemodynamic aneurysms. And the results of regression analysis of multi-factors indicated the following factors, including age, number of main feeding arteries, and contralateral supply, were positively correlated with hemodynamic aneurysms and the number of drainage veins were negatively correlated with hemodynamic aneurysms.

CONCLUSIONthe factors including age, number of main feeding arteries, number of drainage veins and contralateral supply, are highly correlated with hemodynamic aneurysms.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; etiology ; Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations ; complications ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of beta1-integrin, fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LN) on the invasive behavior of human gliomas.

METHODSFunctional impacts of beta1-integrin, fibronectin and laminin on cell adhesion, migration and metastasis of U251 malignant glioblastoma cells were investigated by in vitro adhesion, migration and invasion assays. The amount and distributions of cellular microfilaments and pseudopodia were studied by fluorescent cytochemistry, confocal laser scanning microscope and scanning electron microscope. Lastly, beta1-integrin, fibronectin and laminin were investigated for their roles in cellular microfilament skeleton.

RESULTS(1) Fibronectin did not affect cell adhesion of U251MG cells, but anti-beta1 integrin antibodies inhibited cell adhesion (P < 0.01); Laminin stimulated cell adhesion of U251MG cells (P < 0.01) but anti-beta1 integrin antibodies had little effect on the laminin-mediated cell adhesion. (2) The migration of U251MG cells on dishes coated with FN was inhibited by anti-beta1 integrin antibodies (P < 0.05). (3) F-actins formed strong and dense stress fibers in U251MG cells on dishes coated with FN and LN. Anti-beta1 integrin antibodies disrupted the microfilament network and F-actin aggregation. (4) FN and LN increased the number of pseudopodia on cell surface, whereas anti-beta1 integrin antibodies reversed this function. (5) FN and anti-beta1 integrin antibodies had little effects on the invasive ability of U251MG cells in vitro. The invasion was increased by LN, but inhibited by anti-beta1 integrin antibodies.

CONCLUSIONS(1) The interaction between beta1-integrin, FN may stimulate U251MG cell migration via changing the structures of microfilament skeleton and the number of pseudopodia. (2) beta1-integrin may play a role in the LN-mediated in vitro invasion of U251MG cells.

Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Fibronectins ; pharmacology ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; analysis ; Glioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Integrin beta1 ; pharmacology ; Laminin ; pharmacology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Neoplasm Invasiveness

Objectives To explore the type and subtype distribution of influenza viruses in influenza-like patients and the hemagglutinin(HA)genetic variation of influenza A viruses in Shang- hai and Wuxi during the influenza prevalent season from 2004 to 2006.Methods Throat swabs were collected from the influenza-like patients in the sentinel hospitals and during the outbreaks,and then inoculated into MDCK cells to isolate influenza viruses,which were subsequently identified by direct immunofluorescence(DIF)and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).HA seg- ments of influenza A viruses were sequenced to analyze the genetic variation of HA.Results One hundred and twenty-six strains of influenza viruses,including 53 H3N2,43 H1N1 and 30 influenza B viruses were isolated from August 2004 to September 2006,and 7 outbreaks.All these outbreaks oc- curred in February or March The pathogens were identified as H1N1 in one outbreak,H3N2 in two outbreaks,B in two outbreaks and mix infections in two outbreaks(1 H1N1 and B,1 H3N2 and B, respectively).By sequencing the HA segment,the H3 and H1 segments were all homologous to the isolates from different countries in the same period.Conclusion H3N2 and H1N1 are the major strains prevalent in Shanghai and Wuxi,which reach the peak from January to March No HA and NA recom- binant strains and new HA and NA subtypes are found in these areas.The variations of H1 and H3 are similar to those found in other countries.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the significance of gastric acid reflux in children with reflux esophagitis (RE).

METHODSTwenty-four-hour esophageal pH monitoring and gastroscopy were performed in 180 children suffered from vomiting. The relationship between RE, non-esophagitis (NE), non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) was analyzed.

RESULTSSixty-five of the 180 patients were confirmed as having RE by endoscopy. Among them, the number of cases with grades I, II and III RE according to the diagnostic criteria by endoscopy was 37, 19 and 9 cases, respectively, while the other 115 cases were diagnosed as NE. The positive rate of acid reflux in RE group was 58.5% (38/65), while it was 42.6% (49/115) in NE group (chi(2) = 4.179, P < 0.05). All parameters of acid reflux in RE group except for the episode of reflux and the number of reflux longer than 5 min were significantly higher than those in NE group. None of the parameters of acid reflux except for Boix-Ochoa score in grade III RE patients was significantly higher than that in both grade II and grade I RE cases. However, the difference in acid reflux parameter between grade I and grade II RE patients had not reached statistical significance. The results also showed that the positive rate of pathological acid reflux was 48.3% (87/180). Among them, 38 cases were RE, while other 49 cases were NERD. The difference in acid reflux between these two groups was not significant.

CONCLUSIONSGastric acid reflux may play a major role in the development of RE in children, but may not be a sole pathogenic factor. The degree of acid reflux is not closely correspondent to the severity of RE. Acid reflux may not completely contribute to RE. Gastroscopy is very important for patients with reflux symptom.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Esophageal pH Monitoring ; Esophagitis, Peptic ; diagnosis ; etiology ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Esophagoscopy ; Female ; Gastric Acid ; secretion ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; complications ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant ; Male ; Severity of Illness Index

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical value of T-staging system for hilar cholangiocarcinoma which was adopted in memorial Sloan-Kettering cancer center of New York.

METHODSThe image data of these 47 patients were analyzed retrospectively from December 1997 to December 2002 whose data were according with our demand, and they were staged into three-stage according to the criteria of the T-staging system. The difference of respectability, ratio of tumor-free resection margin and actuarial survival rate were analyzed for different T-staging. And the coincident ratio of three different kinds of imaging methods was also analyzed.

RESULTSTwenty patients had T(1) tumors, twenty three had T(2) tumors and four had T(3) tumors. The resectability of the three stage was 60%, 39% and 0% respectively, and the difference was significant (P = 0.013). The likelihood of achieving tumor-free margin decreased progressively with increasing T stage (P = 0.018). The cumulative 1-year survival rates of T(1), T(2) and T(3) patients were 60%, 39% and 0% respectively, and the cumulative 3-year survival rate was 35%, 9% and 0% respectively, the survival of different stage patients differed markedly (P = 0.0103). The coincident ratio of combined using MRCP and color Doppler-ultrasonography was higher than that of combined using MRCP and B-ultrasonography or combined using CT/SCT and color Doppler-ultrasonography (P = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONSThe T-staging system has a better value for preoperative assessment, and can be used to judge resectability and survival of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. It will be helpful to use MRCP and color Doppler-Ultrasonography combined to verdict the coverage of the tumor and the T-staging preoperatively.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate