OBJECTIVE:To discuss the laws applicable to the behavior of“drug handling beyond limits”.METHODS:The concerned contents of the related laws,codes,administrative rules and regulations issued at different time were analyzed comparatively.RESULTS:Under different laws and regulations,the same illegal behavior had different qualitations and treatments.CONCLUSION:Under the current laws and regulations,the behavior of“drug handling beyond limits”was qualitatively regarded as“drug handling without license”remains to be further consulted.

Objective: To inquire into the discrepancy in the behavior and therapeutic ways for the children at different age with dental diseases.Methods: 994 children at the age of 1～12 with dental diseases were divided into 3 groups on the base of their ages. Relevant therapeutic ways were taken according to their behavior. The influencing factors that made dental treatment finished smoothly were reached through analyzing the relationship among the children, the parents and the medical personals. Results: The manifestations of children's behavior had significant age differences when they received dental treatment. Non cooperative children constituted the majority of the infantile children, while the school age children were mostly cooperative. The ways chosen to treat children's dental diseases also had significant age differences. Compulsory means was the main way to treat infantile children and routine means to the pre school age and school age children. Inductive and threatening ways were always used for the non cooperative pre school age children. The non cooperative school age children were always received inductive means and seldom threatening and compulsory ones. The parents often accompanied with the infantile children, but did not with the pre school age and school age children. Conclusion: The age is a key factor to determine the clinical manifestations and the methods used to treat children's dental diseases.

Objective To investigate psychosocial distress status of hospitalized patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and then analyze its influencing factors.Methods Using the method of convenience sampling,the level of psychosocial distress of hospitalized patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma was measured with psychosocial distress thermometer (DT),then by orderly classification Logistic regression analysis methods,the main factors affecting the degree of psychosocial distress were obtained.Results This study in cluded 235 patients,and 228 patients completed the survey effectively,DT score was (4.030±2.993) points,including DT ＜ 4 points (mild pain) accounted for 36.8％ (84/228),DT 4-6 points (moderate pain) accounted for 38.2％ (87/228),DT≥7 points (severe pain) accounted for 25.0％ (57/228).Regression analysis showed that the economic problems,emotional problems (depression,fear,sadness),body problems (eating,oral ulcer,sleep problems),age,education degree,stressful life events in the recent year,the time of disease diagnosis,and disease recurrence were the main factors influencing the degree of psychosocial distress.Conclusions Hospitalized patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma have widespread psychosocial distress,clinical medical personnel should take individualized psychological evaluation and intervention according to the related factors of psychosocial distress in order to reduce the degree of psychosocial distress.

Objective:To obtain the morphological data of permanent teeth excavated from the Long County in Shaanxi Province about 2 000 years ago.Methods:Morphological methods were used to measure all teeth of 59 human skulls excavated from the Long County in Shaanxi Province about 2 000 years ago and conserved in Chinese Academy of Science.The information included length of tooth,height of dental crown,length of dental root,breadth of the dental crown,thickness of the dental crown,breadth of the dental neck and thickness of the dental neck.The data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software.Results:Length of tooth,height of dental crown,length of dental root,breadth of the dental crown,thickness of the dental crown,breadth of the dental neck and thickness of the dental neck of all teeth of 59 human skulls were reported.Conclusion:It suggests that the measured data may be useful in anthropological research.

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for the revision of the concept of drugs and regulations on non-medical substance used as medicines that stated in Drug Administration Law.METHODS: The existing legal defects were analyzed according to the difficulty related to the application of law in a administrative lawsuit case.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The conception of drug stated in Drug Administration Law is not accurate and standard enough,which is unfavorable to define non-medical substance used as medicines as sham medicine.Drug Administration Law should be improved by drawing lessons from legislative reference of foreign countries.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze relevant regulations in Drug Administration Law and to study the safety of drug use. METHODS:The key points of the safety of drug use were analyzed through reasoning analysis. RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The safety of drug use was the core of medicine legislation while there were still some problems on law execution and blind spots in legislation. It is suggested to standardize the research and development of drug and purchase channel,improve system for safety of drug use and role of clinical pharmacists so as to guarantee the safety of drug use.

During L-lactic acid fermentation with Rhizopus oryzae,there existed a branch pathway by which pyruvate was transformed to eth- anol catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase(PDC)and alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH),thus decreasing the flux of pyruvate to lactic acid.In this study,the spores of Rhizopus oryzae AS3.3462 mutagenized with nitrosoguanidine(NTG),the appropriate dosage was 0.15 mg/mL and the lethal rate was 70%～80%.Two mutants,named mut-1 and mut-2,with decreased ADH activity were screened out by yeast peptone dextrose(YPD)agar medium containing allyl alcohol.These two mutants had decreased ADH activities of 41.63% and 50.29% compared with the parent strain.The fermentation behavior after 72h showed that the yields of ethanol produced by mut-1 and mut-2 were 4.87g/L and 6.56g/L respectively,while the wild type strain was 28.9g/L,and the lactate concentrations of mut-1 and mut-2 also increased from 40.31g/L to 54.45g/L and 44.07 g/L,respectively.It is also found that mut-1 and mut-2 had a high reducing sugar consumption rate and biomass accumulation than its present strain

ObjectiveTo study the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) treatment on post-stoke depression (PSD) and neurological functional rehabilitation.Methods60 patients with PSD were randomly divided into two groups, treatment group and control group. Patients in the treatment group were given HBO treatment in addition to the regular treatment. Changes of scores of Hamilton depression (HAMD), Chinese stroke scale (CSS), and activity of daily living (ADL) before and after treatment in two groups were observed and evaluated.ResultsAfter 1 month treatment scores of HAMD, CSS, and ADL in the treatment group got obviously better results than before treatment (P<0.01). While scores in the control group had no significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusions It is suggested that HBO may improve the depressive symptom and neurological functional rehabilitation in PSD patients.

Objective To investig the value of neck lymph dissection in re-operation for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and direct the choice of re-operative pattern.Method Re-operation was performed in 122 cases with DTC,of which neck lymph dissection was performed in 88 cases and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Of 88 cases,partial thyroidectomy was performed in 38 cases in the first operation,one lobe plus isthmus excision 16 cases,thyroiddectorny was perfomed in 2 cases,neck lymph nodes biopsy in 32 cases.Results 11 patients suffered from thyroid micro carcinoma.The metastasis rate of neck lymph node were 65.91% (58/88) and residual carcinoma rate was 31.59%(12/38). Conclusions Neck lymph dissection had definite curable effect on re-operation for DTC.Neck lymph dissection should be performed when tumor had involved capsule,enlarged lymph node was palpated in the neck and thyroid micro carcinoma was confirmed.Re-operation was necessary for recurrent thyroid carcinoma.Attention must be paid to the fullresection of recurrent lesions and preserving laryngeal nerve and parathyroid in re-operation.

Objective To investigate the gene expression change of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β at different time points in brain tissues of rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods A total of 24 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham group and 3 groups with brain ischemia reperfusion of 3h,6h and 12h.Real-Time PCR was used to analyze the gene expression ofTNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1 β at 3h,6h,and 12h after reperfusion.Results In the sham group,the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1 β in were low,but increased immediately after brain ischemia injury and decreased gradually thereafter.The gene expression of TNF-α mRNA at 3h after reperfusion was significantly increased and reached the peak (P ＜0.01) then significantly decreased at 12h after reperfusion.The gene expression of IL-6 mRNA was notably increased at 3h after reperfusion and peaked at 6h (P＜0.01),and significantly decreased at 12h compared with 6h (P＜0.01).The gene expression of IL-1 β mRNA at 3h after reperfusion was significantly increased,peaked at 6h (P＜0.01) and significantly decreased at 12h (P ＜0.01).Conclusion The gene expression levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA increased significantly in the early stage of reperfusion and decreased gradually after reaching the peak,which suggested that the gene expression change of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β was involved in the mechanism of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.