Glaucoma is a group of diseases which can threaten and damage the optic nerve and its visual pathway, leading to visual impairment as a result. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy is a chronic disease accompanied by apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells ( RGCs ) , visual field defect and cupping of optic nerve head. The gold standard in functional glaucoma evaluation is standard automated perimetry ( SAP) , but it is often limited to the subjective feelings of the patients. Still, visual electrophysiological techniques cannot replace the conventional inspection, but with its rapid development, it has provided a new strategy for the early diagnosis of glaucoma as a supplement because it can show changes in amplitude and latency before visual field defect. Here we review three special electroretinograms and multifocal focal visually evoked potentials in the early diagnosis of glaucoma.

Eleven compounds were isolated from the culture of Streptomyces sp. CPCC 202950 by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over macroporous resin HP-20, MCI, and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were identified as 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide(1),5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioinosine(2), vanillamide(3), trans-3-methylthioacrylamide(4), 1,2,3,4-Tetraydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid(5), cyclo(L-pro-L-tyr) (6), N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]ethylacetamide(7), benzamide (8), cyclo ('L-leucyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline)(9), cyclo-(Phe-Gly) (10), and tryptophan (11). Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were new natural products. In the preliminary assays, none of the compounds exhibited obvious inhibition of HIV-1 protease activity (IC50 > 10 micromol x L(-1)).
Culture Media ; chemistry ; metabolism ; HIV Protease ; analysis ; HIV Protease Inhibitors ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Streptomyces ; chemistry ; metabolism

Objective To explore the positive effect of nephrotic syndrome in patients with recurrent after carrying out health education intervention.Methods 60 cases were divided into the experimental group and control group (30 cases in each group).In the control group,general health education mode was used; and the experimental group patients according to the reason of relapsing again,were implemented the targeted health education; compare two sets of patients' serum albumin (ALB),24 h urine protein quantitative level and satisfaction,and six months after discharge from the hospital again.Results Before education the ALB and 24 h urine protein quantitative level of the two sets of patients was statistically insignificant ( P ＞ 0.05 ).After the experimental education for patients with ALB ( 30.57 ± 4.01 ) higher than those in the control group (25.23 ±4.71 ) ; The 24 h urine protein for quantitative (4.04 ± 0.94 ) was significantly lower than the control group (5.42 ±1.41 ),two groups of comparisons difference were statistically significant (t=4.73-4.47,respectively ;P ＜ 0.01 ).The satisfaction of patients was 100.0％ in experiment group and 90.0％ in the control group,and the difference was significant ( x2=7.29,P ＜ 0.05 ) ; six months after discharge of experimental group' s hospital admission rates significantly lower than those of the control group again ( 13.3％ vs 30.0％ ;x 2=5.46,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Implementation of health education to the nephrotic syndrome in patients with recurrent is beneficial to access relevant health knowledge,but also reduce the external factors leading to disease recurrence and increase the care satisfaction of hospitalized patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Psychometrics ; methods ; Young Adult

Action Potentials ; Animals ; Electromyography ; Environmental Exposure ; Hypothermia ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Seawater ; Thigh ; physiology ; physiopathology

Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common complication after stroke, which has high disability rate and mortality rate, and can affect the patient′s daily living ability and quality of life. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has the advantages of non-invasiveness, safety, and ease of operation, and is easily accepted by patients. NIBS has a good application prospect in the treatment of PSCI, especially the representative treatment repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) such as have good clinical application effects. At present, there is no standardized treatment plan for NIBS, and there are large individual differences in therapeutic effects. This study reviewed the mechanism and clinical application of NIBS in the treatment of PSCI, and discussed the future application direction of NIBS.

OBJECTIVETo study methylation of Id4 gene and demethylation effect of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in Raji cells.

METHODSHuman Burkitt's Raji lymphoma cells were cultared and treated with ATO at different concentrations and different time points. Methylated degree of Id4 gene was detected by methylation specificity polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR), Id4 mRNA expression in Raji cell by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the growth of cell by MTT assay, and cell apoptosis and cycle distribution by Flow Cytometry (FCM).

RESULTS(1) The Id4 gene exhaustive methylation in control group, and hypermethylation in experimental group were reversed by ATO in a dose-dependent manner. (2) Id4 mRNA expression in Raji cells treated with ATO for 48 h increased gradually with ATO concentration increasing in experimental group. (3) Raji cell growth inhibited rates after different concentrations of ATO treatment for 24, 48, 72 h were 12.15% ∼ 92.17% in the experimental group (P < 0.05). (4) Apoptosis peak emerged after ATO treatment for 48 hours in experimental group, while a much lower apoptosis in control group. (5) After ATO treatment for 48 h in experiment group, the cells were arrested at G(0)/G(1) phase in a dose-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONId4 gene presents exhaustive methylation in Raji cells. ATO can reverse the hypermethylation of Id4 gene and recover the expression of Id4 mRNA. Hypermethylation of Id4 gene is one of the reasons of Raji cells malignant proliferations.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Methylation ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the bone marrow and peripheral blood, and explore the relationship between MDSC and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

METHODSBone marrow, peripheral blood and peripheral blood stem cells were obtained from 12 healthy hemopoietic stem cell donors before and on day 5 after G-CSF mobilization. Flow cytometry was employed to examine the number of MDSC, and the relationship between MDSC number and the incidence of GVHD was analyzed.

RESULTSIn normal physiological conditions, MDSC could be detected in the peripheral blood and bone marrow with a cell percentages of (1.35±0.35)% and (2.44±1.11)%, respectively, showing a significantly higher cell percentage in the bone marrow (P=0.015). On the 5th day after G-CSF mobilization, the percentage of MDSCs increased to (4.01±1.82)% in the peripheral blood and to (4.38±2.19)% in the bone marrow, showing no significant difference between them (P=0.083). The mobilization caused a significant increase in the number of MDSCs in the peripheral blood (P=0.047) but not in the bone marrow (P=0.761). The number of MDSCs in the collected samples showed a significant inverse correlation to the incidence of GVHD (P=0.048).

CONCLUSIONSMDSCs are present in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of healthy donors, with a greater number in the bone marrow. G-CSF can mobilize the MDSCs from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood to increase number of MDSCs in the peripheral blood, which may contribute to a lowered incidence of GVHD in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; prevention & control ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; administration & dosage ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; methods ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Young Adult

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-α-2b) in polycythemia vera patients(PV patient) with or without post-polycythemic myelofibrosis (post-PV MF), 30 patients with mutated JAK2V617F were enrolled in this study, from which 29 patients were evaluable. The percentage of mutated JAK2V617F allele (V617F%) was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) before and after treatment with IFN-α-2b. The correlation of V617F allele burden with the major clinical outcomes was studied. Adverse effects appeared in patients was observed. The results showed that the median follow-up was 24 (12 - 42) months for 29 evaluable patients. Complete hematologic response was achieved in 10%, 48%, 72% and 78% of patients after treatment for 6, 12, 24 and 36 months respectively. The detection of V617F allele burden revealed that the molecular remission of patients (V617F%) was achieved in 41%, 76%, 89% and 89% after treatment for 6, 12, 24 and 36 months respectively. Molecular complete remission (JAK2V617F undetectable) was achieved in 4 patients, lasted from 6 to 12 months after IFN-α-2b discontinuation. The decrease of V617F% in patients with post-PV MF was significantly higher than that in patients without post-PV MF (53 ± 18% vs 32 ± 22%, respectively; p = 0.031) after treatment for 12 months. PV patients had a good tolerance to IFN-α-2b. It is concluded that IFN-α-2b can decrease the mutated V617F allele burden. Patients with PV, especially with post-PV MF, can achieve molecular remission after treatment with IFN-α-2b.
Adult ; Alleles ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Janus Kinase 2 ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Polycythemia Vera ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Primary Myelofibrosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of continuous blood purification (CBP) on T-cell subsets and prognosis in children with severe sepsis.

METHODSA total of 42 children with severe sepsis were randomly divided into a control group (n=22) and a CBP group (n=20). The patients in the control group received conventional treatment, while those in the CBP group underwent continuous veno-venous hemofiltration daily 12-24 hours for 3 days besides conventional treatment. Changes in clinical variables and in peripheral blood regulatory T cell subsets were assessed 3 and 7 days after treatment.

RESULTSThe pediatric intensive care unit length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation were significantly shortened and the 28-day mortality rate was significantly lower in the CPB treatment group as compared with the control group (P<0.05). In the CBP treatment group, the percentage of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+) T cell populations and PCIS scores were significantly higher at 3 and 7 days after treatment than before treatment (P<0.05). At 7 days after treatment, the percentage of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+) T cell populations, CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio and PCIS scores were significantly higher in the CBP group than in the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe CBP treatment may counteract the suppression of immune function and thus improve prognosis in children with severe sepsis.

CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hemofiltration ; Humans ; Male ; Sepsis ; immunology ; therapy ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology