There is a significance of pregnancy thyroid hormone reference ranges establishment,because the consequences of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy are terrible.This review will focus on meaning of pregnancy thyroid hormone reference range,importance of TPO antibody testing and current advances of methodology.

Objective To observe the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and the reletionship with clinic-pathologic parameters.Methods Immunohistochemistry of tissue sections was used to study the expression of EGFR and VEGF in 124 NSCLC tissues and 15 normal lung tissues adjacent to cancer tissues.Results The positive rates of EGFR and VEGF in 124 NSCLC samples were 52.4％,66.1％,while no expressed in the 15 normal lung tissues adjacent to cancer tissues.The positive rate of VEGF with stage Ⅲ was higher than that with stage Ⅰ - Ⅱ ( 80.4％ vs 56.2％,P ＜0.05).The positive rate of VEGF with lymph node metastasis was higher than that without lymph node metastasis (78,2％ vs 53.3％,P ＜ 0.05 ).The expression of VEGF and EGFR had no relationship with clinic pathological factors including histological type of lung cancer,sex,age.EGFR and VEGF expression was statistically correlated with each other( r =0.93,P ＜0.05 ).Conclusion EGFR and VEGF were overexpressed in NSCLC tissues.The expression of VEGF was correlated with TNM stages and lymph node metastasis.The expression of EGFR was correlated with VEGF expression in NSCLC tissues,which indicates they might act synergistically in angiogenesis of NSCLC.

Microbubble contrast agents for ultrasound (US) have been developed and clinically applied in recent years. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been widely used in the imaging of liver and other organs such as kidney, pancreases, spleen, prostate, ovarian, uterus as well as abdominal trauma, showing promising values in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various diseases. This article reviews the recent development and future protential clinical applications of CEUS.
Contrast Media ; administration & dosage ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Microbubbles ; Ultrasonography ; methods

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of specific inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)aminoguanidine(AG)in rats with obstructive jaundice.Methods Forty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups: normal control group, sham operation group, obstructive jaundice group and aminoguanidine therapeutic group.Each group had 10 rats.We assayed levels of liver function,hemobilirubin, endotoxin,lactic acid and malondialdehyde before and after therapy, and we also analyzed pathology of the liver and small intestine.Then we could explore the therapeutic effect of AG in rats with obstructive jaundice.Results The levels of endotoxin,lactic acid and malondialdehyde in blood increased progressively along with the pathological changes of the liver and small intestine.Each of the AG group parameters was significantly lower, and the pathological changes of liver and small intestine were improved.Conclusion AG could protect liver and small intestine by attenuating lipid peroxidative and endotoxemia,and provide a new way to cure obstructive jaundice.

Objective To investigate the correlation of ultrasonographic characteristics and pathologic features for malignant mullerian mixed tumor(MMMT)and determine the diagnostic value of ultrasonography.Methods The uItrasonographic features of 10 MMMTs were analyzed retrospectively and the sonographic findings were compared with histological results and discussed the correlation.Results The morphologic features of US and histology were well associated.Large,solitary lesion,ill-defined irregular shape,honeycombed heterogenous echo-pattern,scattered cystic areas and increased irregular peripheral/internal color flow were typical US findings.Logistic regression analysis showed the type of tumor liquefaction to be the most significant independent predictor of vascularity.Conclusions Ultrasonography is helpful for the diagnosis of MMMT,the uhrasonographic characteristics of MMMT are well correlated to its pathologic features.

Objective To observe the effect of PDK ( phosphoinositol -3-kinase, PI3K)/Akt-Nrf2 (Nuclear factor -E2 related factor) signal pathway on γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) in the bronchial epithelial cells of rats treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Methods The bronchial epithelial cells were dealt with 10% concentration of CSE for different time and pretreated with PI3k inhibitor (LY294002). The expressions of Nrf2,p-Akt and γ-GCS proteins were examined by immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and western blot. The expressions of γ-GCS mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Reduced glutathione(GSH) content and the lev-el of γ-CCS activi-ty were examined. Results GSH content in CSElh group was significantly decreased, but still higher in CSE3 and 6 groups compared to the control. Nrf2 protein mainly located in the cytoplasm. Nrf2 plasmosin mainly increased in the nucleus in control group, and Nrf2 nucleic protein significantly enhanced in CSE1, 3 and 6 groups. P-Akt protein was up-regulated at lh, reached its peak at 3h, declined slightly at 6h after exposure to CSE. The tendency of the percentage of p-Akt positive cells was as same as p-Akt protein. γ-GCS mRNA, protein and activity, gradually increased in CSE lh, CSE 3h,CSE 6h groups. Pretreated with LY294002, the expression of p-Akt protein was markedly decreases, while Nrf2 plasmosin expressed strongly, and γ-GCS mRNA, protein, activity and GSH content were significantly decreased compared to CSE3h group. Linear correlation analysis demonstrated that there were a positive correlation among Nrf2 and γ-GCS,γ-GCS activity, and among p-Akt and Nrf2,GSH,γ-GCS,γ-GCS activity. Conclusion P13K/Akt signal path might participate in Nrf2 nuclear translocation via regulating the expression of γ-GCS.

Objective To explore the influence of family factors on physical activity behavior of central obesity patient.Methods A questionnaire investigation to 182 central obesity volunteers was carried out in a residential district of shanghai on April 2007.Results The percentage of the patients taking physical activities,at least one of whose family members participate in regular exercise,was 66.7%.It was significantly higher than that (43.6%) of other patients whose family members hardly ever participated in regular exercise any more(χ2=9.260,P=0.002).The percentage of patients taking physical activities,with highly family function,was 60.2%.It was significantly higher than that of the patients in moderately dysfunctional family (49.9%) and in severely dysfunctional family(35.5%)(χ2=6.448,P=0.04).The average APGAR score,Partnership score and Growth score of the patients in taking exercise group were 7.13±2.63,1.49±0.71 and 1.35±0.73. They were significantly higher than that of the patients in taking no exercise group (6.09±3.09,1.24±0.85 and 0.90±0.86) (t=2.095～3.845,P=0.000～0.038). While family size,family economic status and marital status showed no obvious effect on physical activity behavior of central obesity patients(χ2=0.027～1.709,P＞0.05).Conclusion Highly family function and at least one of the other family members taking regular exercise can promote activity of central obesity patient in daily life.

Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant human growth hormone on cancellous bone of ovariectomized rats with remarkable bone loss. Methods Six-month old Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were used to receive low, middle and high doses of recombinant human growth hormone three months after ovariectomy. Bone mineral density and bone histomorphormetry were used to study the alteration of cancellous bone of lumbar vertebrae. Results Recombinant human growth hormone significantly increased bone mineral density and improved the cancellous bone volume and trabecular bone architectures. Conclusion Recombinant human growth hormone can restore the bone loss in ovariectomized rats and improve the trabecular bone architectures. However, its effect is dose related.

Objective To investigate the biological effect of transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1) on inducing myofibroblast formation in hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling.Methods Forty male Wistar rats were exposed to hypoxia for 0,3,7,14 or 21 days.Mean pulmonary arterial pressure(mPAP),vessel morphometry,right ventricle hypertrophy index(RVHI) were measured.Immunocytochemistry was used to measure the expression of ?-Smooth-muscle actin(?-SMA) and TGF-?1 in pulmonary artery walls and in situ hybridization was used to measure the expression of TGF-?1 mRNA in pulmonary artery walls.Ultrastructure alveolar wall vessels were observed by electron microscopy.Human embryonic lung fibroblasts(KMB17) phenotype after induction of hypoxiaand TGF-?1 were recorded through cell culture.Results(1) mPAP increased significantly after 7-day of hypoxia(P

Objective The expressions of PI3K in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of cervix and their clinical significance were investigated .Methods The expressions of PI3K ,Ki‐67 and CD34 protein in 28 cases of normal cervical epithelium (NCE) ,36 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN) and 68 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of cervix (SCC) were detected by immunohisto‐chemistry SP method .Results The positive expression rates of PI3K in NCE ,CIN and SCC were 25 .00% ,55 .56% and 85 .29% , respectively .The positive expression rates of PI3K increased remarkably from NCE and CIN to SCC(P<0 .05) .The expression of PI3K in SCC was significantly positive correlated with PI and MVD .The expression of PI3K in SCC was related with FIGO stag‐ing ,histological grading and pelvic lymph node metastasis (P<0 .05) ,but was not related with age ,depth of stroma infiltration and intravascular infiltration (P>0 .05) .In the cases with FIGO staging Ⅱ ,poorly differentiated tissue and pelvic lymph node metasta‐sis ,The positive expression rate of PI3K significantly higher than those in the cases without them(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The o‐ver‐expression of PI3K may lead to up regulation of tumor angiogenesis and cancer cell proliferation in SCC ,and may promote tumor Metastasis and progress of SCC .