Objective To observe and compare the clinical effect of treating benign primary blepharospasm(BPB)with acupuncture and injection of type A botulinum toxin. Methods Between January 2012 to July 2013, 80 cases of BPB patients in ophthalmology of Tongren hospital were randomly recruited into a acupuncture group and a control group, with 40 cases in either group. The acupuncture group was treated with acupuncture on points of strengthening spleen and distributing liver and the control group was treated by type A botulinum toxin injection around effected eyes. Then effective rate, visual impairment of quality of life scale and self-rating depressive scale were tested after the treatments. Results The total effective rate of acupuncture was 95%, which was better than injection with type A botulinum toxin, with statistical difference(P<0.01). There was no statistical difference in visual impairment of quality of life scale in both groups after the treatment compared with before treatment(P>0.05). Visual impairment score was (121.88±30.16) and (121.00±28.72) in the acupuncture group and control group respectively before the treatment, However, acupuncture group(70.00±22.88)reduced less than control group(95.25±28.39)after the treatment, and there was statistical difference(P<0.01). There was no statistical difference in self-rating depressive scale in groups before treatments(P>0.05), (acupuncture group was(15.90±7.99) and control group was(15.75±6.26). However, acupuncture group(10.40±4.95)reduced less than control group(13.38±6.32)after the treatment, and there was statistical difference(P<0.01). Conclusion It proved that the therapy of acupuncture with strengthening spleen and distributing liver method for benign primary blepharospasm has a better result than injection with type A Botulinum toxin. Moreover, acupuncture can promote optical function and prevent depression for BPB patients.

Brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) emerges as another cardiac hormone after atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). It plays a prominent role in natriuresis, diuresis, vasorelaxation and decreasing blood pressure. The plasma levels of BNP are closely related to the left ventricular function. In this review, the author highlights the latest progress of BNP in the diagnosis, risk stratification, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring of patients with congestive heart failure and other cardiac dysfunction.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a type of specific cardiomyopathy which be relevant to metabolic derangement of diabetes mellitus. The exact mechanism is still questionable and has been the focus of much interest and debate in the cardiovascular domain . In this review, we aim to summarize the update advances of its pathogeneses and physiopathologic mechanisms at the histological, molecular and cytologic levels.

This study was set up to observe the changes in stress and immune functions in upper abdominal surgery after general anesthesia.In thirty elective upper abdominal operation patients,general anesthesia was induced with propofol,fentanyl,scoline and maintained with isoflane and atrumium. Catecholamines(CA),cortisol,interleukin-2(IL-2) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R) were measured before anesthesia,after induction of anesthesia,at the end of operation,and on the first and third postoperative days.The results showed that epinephrine(E),norepinephrine(NE) concentration increased at the end of operation and on the first postoperative day(P<0.01)，Cortisol concentration decreased after anesthesia induction(P<0.05)，IL-2 concentration decreased at the end of operation(P<0.05)，and sIL-2R lever did not change.The investigation suggested that general anesthesia with propofol,fentanyl and isoflane can suppress CA and cortisol increase resulting from induction of anesthesia. There was no change in IL-2 level.However it can not suppress the increase of stress hormones and decrease of IL-2 due to operation.The stress response correlate with immune functions.

AIM：To introduce evidence-based pharmacy in respect to the definition,contents and principle in applying to decisions of clinical pharmacotherapy.METHODS：We focused the discussion on a brief summary of different study designs,factors affecting the strength of scientific evidence,and interpretation of the data.RESULTS：These application principles are helpful to guide clinical pharmacists solving clinical problems.CONCLUSION：Clinical pharmacist should use concepts in the evidence-based practice when making pharmacotherapeutic decisions in the future.

Objective To investigate the induction of specific anti-tumor immune response by transfected dendritic cells (DCs) with survivin mRNA of human pancreatic cancer, and to provide the experimental evidences for the treatment of human pancreatic cancer with DCs vaccine. Methods DCs were isolated and cultured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). After being transcripted and amplified, survivin mRNA was transfected into DCs by electroporation. The expression of survivin in DCs at different time points was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The survival rate of DCs before and after transfection was determined by MTT method. The induction of specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response by survivin mRNA transfected DCs was measured by 51Cr standard cytotoxicity test. The induction of specific CTL activation by survivin mRNA transfected DCs was evaluated through testing released IFN-γ by ELISA method. Results After survivin mRNA transfection for 48h, the expression of survivin mRNA in DCs reached the highest point (46.09±6.57). After transfection, the survival rate of DCs was stabilized around 80%. The DCs transfected with survivin mRNA could effectively induce HLA-A2+ / survivin+ specific CTL immune responses. Stimulated with pancreatic cancer cell line Capan-2 cells or SCL-1 cells as control group, the IFN-γ released in 24 hours by survivin specific CTL were (28.79±5.70) U/ml and (25.12±2.13) U/ml respectively, there was no significant difference (P=0.761). Conclusion The induction of CTLs by DCs transfected with human pancreatic cancer survivin mRNA could produce specific anti-tumor immunity.

Objective To assess the pulmonary function before liver transplantation in patients with end-stage liver disease. Methods One hundred and fifty-four patients with end-stage liver disease, who were waiting for liver transplantation in our hospital, were enrolled into the study. The pulmonary ventilation function,small airway function and diffusion capacity were measured and analyzed respectively. Results Among 154 subjects,140 (90. 9%, 140/154) patients had abnormal pulmonary function, shown as pulmonary diffusing capacity reduction;followed by restrictive ventilatory function reduction (42. 8% ,66/154) and small airway function reduction (37. 7%, 58/154 ), the least common manifestation was obstructive ventilatory function reduction (28.6 % ,44/154 ). Conclusion Abnormal pulmonary function in patients with end-stage liver disease is common, and the pulmonary function tests before liver transplantation has certain referential value for pulmonary function damage evaluation and postoperatively respiratory tract management.

Objective To investigate the best method of transfecting total RNA extracted from pancreatic cancer MiaPaCa-2 cells into dendrtic cells (DCs). Methods DCs were cultured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by rhGM-CSF, rhIL-4 and TNF-α. Morphology of DCs was observed. Flow cytometry was used to detect the mature DCs specific surface markers:CD40, HLA-DR, CD83, CD86. Mixed lymphocyte (MLR) was used to determine the ability of DCs to stimulate allogeneic T cell proliferation.Liposomal transfection, electroporation method and passive transfection was used to transfect MiaPaCa-2 cell total RNA into DCs, Real time RT-PCR and MTT assay was used to determine the expression of MUC1 mRNA and the survival rate of the RNA transfected DCs. Results The cells acquired showed typical DCs morphology, the positive rate of CD40, HLA DR, CD83 and CD86 were 34.3% ,50.2% ,89.2% and 73.6%,and they showed a strong ability to stimulate allogeneic T cell proliferation. 48 h after transfection with MiaPaCa-2 cells total RNA by using electroporation, the MUC1 mRNA amount (45.39 ± 9.33) in DCs was higher than that of liposomes method (3 1. 68 ± 7.25) and passive transfection method (18.53 ± 3.26) . DCs survival rate was (80.36 ± 2.43)% by using electroporation, which was relatively lower than (91.48 ±5.42) % by using passive transfection method, but higher than (67.44 ± 2.51) % by using liposomes method,and it was stabilized around 80%. Conclusions Transfecting total RNA extracted from pancreatic cancer MiaPaCa-2 cells into DCs with electroporation is efficient and safe.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of probucol combined with atorvastatin in treatment of stenosis carotid atherosclerosis.MethodsEighty-six patients with stenosis carotid atherosclerosis were separated into two groups with 43 cases each by random digits table.The patients were treated with probucol combined with atorvastatin in observation group and atorvastatin only in control group.The changes of arteriosclerotic plaque and blood fat pre- and poet-treatment were observed.Results There was no significant difference in the levels of lumen area (LN) and intima-media thickness (IMT) pre-treatment between two groups (P＞ 0.05).Compared with pre-treatment,the levels of LN and IMT post-treatment were significantly decreased in observation group(P ＜ 0.05 ),while no significant difference in control group (P ＞0.05).There was significant difference in the levels of LN and IMT post-treatment between two groups [(0.59 ±0.19) cm2 vs.(0.72 ±0.28) cm2,(2.76 ±0.41 ) mm vs.(3.27 ±0.57) mm](P＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the levels of total cholesterol (TC),triacylglycerol (TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) pre-treatment between two groups (P ＞0.05).Compared with pre-treatment,the levels of TC,TG,LDL-C post-treatment were decreased,HDL-C was increased,there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05 ).Post-treatment,the levels of TC,TG,LDL-C in observation group were lower and HDL-C was higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Probucol combined with atorvastatin in treatment of stenosis carotid atherosclerosis can improve arteriosclerotic plaque and low blood fat,which can be applied in clinic.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) exerts its central nervous system (CNS) protective function as it hinders the delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents to the brain. With the development of nanotechnology during the last thirty years, the nanocarriers for delivering drugs make it possible to transport drugs across the BBB. The brain-targeted drug delivery system usually consists of two parts: nanocarriers and brain-targeted strategies. In this review, several kinds of nanocarriers are introduced for brain-targeted drug delivery. We focus on several possible strategies for brain-targeting and comment on their advantages and disadvantages in application.