OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of intestinal absorption of protocatechualdehyde .METHODS: Using invivo rat intestinal absorption model and HPLC, the apparent small intestine absorption rate of protocatechualdehyde was mea-sured. RESULTS: Under low, medium and high concentrations of drug, the apparent small intestine absorption rates of proto-catechualdehyde were 1.1 341/h, 1.1 637/h and 1.0 847/h respectively .CONCLUSION: The protocatechualdehyde absorptionmechanism is passive diffusion.

0.05),respectively and the cost-effectiveness ratios were 689 and 1 202 respectively.CONCLUSION:The treatment group was superior to as compared with the control group.

A simple, rapid method for colony hybridization has been developed. The DNA probes were labeled by digo xigenin. The signal of hybridization was detected by streptavidin and poly (AP) system. The results showed that this method is sensitive, specific and repoducible, it can be used for colony hybridization instead of isotopic.

Objective To investigate the related factors and preventive measures of nasopharyngeal massive hemorrhage in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy. Methods Clinical data of 43 nasopharyngeal massive hemorrhage patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. Results Thirty-nine cases(90.7 %) had abroad skull base invasion due to tumor, 36 cases (83.7%) received high dose of radiation, and 13 cases (30.2 %) were accompanied by diabetes. Conclusion Tumor location is the major factor for nasopharyngeal massive hemorrhage, while radiation dosage, fractionation patterns and diabetes are the secondary factors. The measures in cluding hyperfractionation, overall dose control and blood sugar regulation should be taken for the high risk patients. Prevention is more important than salvage.

Objective To observe the changes in blood glucose,albumin/creatinine ratio and isletβcell function,after calcitriol therapy was used on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria.Methods Sixty patients with type 2 diabetic microalbuminuria were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,each had 30 cases.Patients in the experimental group were given calcitriol 0.25ug once a day for three months,the changes of blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,albumin/creatinine ratio,islet βcell function were observed.Results After the intervention,the albumin/creatinine ratio level in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group ((127.48±139.94) mg/g vs.(151.02±96.25) mg/g,P=0.04).The insulin resistance index in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group ((2.99±1.24) vs.(3.72±2.58),P=0.233),the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion Calcitriol can reduce microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.Calcitriol may be helpful in improving insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

ObjectiveTo investigate the pain relieving degree and the comprehensive efficacy of pricking-cupping bloodletting plus microwave therapy in treating intractable tennis elbow.MethodSeventy-two patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated, using a random number table, to a treatment group (pricking-cupping bloodletting plus microwave therapy,n=36) and a control group (electroacupuncture plus microwave therapy,n=36). The pain relieving degree and the overall therapeutic effect were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and theCriteria of Syndrome Diagnosis and Therapeutic Effect in Traditional Chinese Medicinein the patients after treatment.ResultThe pain relieving degree and the overall therapeutic effect were more remarkable in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionPricking-cupping bloodletting plus microwave therapy can effectively heighten the pain relieving degree and the overall therapeutic effect in treating patients with intractable tennis elbow.

Baby body plethysmography is a well-established technique of lung function determination,which is widely used to access the respiratory development and obstructive airway diseases by precisely measuring tidal breathing,functional residual capacity,and air way resistance.Babies who accept lung function measurements in the baby body plethysmography are under quiet state of spontaneous breathing without any subjective initiative,which results in multiplexed data acquisition,high precision and good repeatability.Clinical application of baby body plethysmography differs in different countries and areas,with the most intensive application in the German-speaking countries.In China,the clinical use of baby body plethysmography still remains in primary stage.Great progress has been achieved in its clinical use during the past 20 years,but there is still a lack of consensus on normal reference values or equations with which to interpret results,which has caused some trouble to diagnosis and identification of respiratory disease.In order to identify the nature and severity of airway disease,it is essential to understand the normal range of plethysmographic values that may occur in healthy infants of similar age,gender and body size.

Objective To investigate the effect of dopamine receptor in intestinal mucosal barrier function after brain injury in rats.Methods Twenty-four rats were allocated to control group,brain injury group,dopamine receptor group,and dopamine antagonist group according to the random number table,with 6 rats per group.Feeney' s weight-drop model was introduced to generate rat models of brain injury.Intestinal mucosal specimens were harvested at postoperative 7 days to evaluate intestinal mucosal morphology by HE staining,expressions of dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) and dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) by immunohistochemistry,and mRNA and protein expressions of DRD1 and DRD2 by real-time PCR and Western blot.Meantime,urinary samples were collected to measure lactulose to mannitol ratio (L/M) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results Intestinal villus integrity was disrupted in brain injury group and dopamine receptor group when compared to control group,but it remained relatively intact in dopamine antagonist group.Ratio of L/M in brain injury group and dopamine receptor group was similar (0.192 ± 0.080 vs 0.183 ± 0.090,P ＞ 0.05),far higher than 0.037 ± 0.008 in control group (P ＜0.01),but it was reversed in dopamine antagonist group (0.071 ± 0.008,P ＜ 0.01).Real-time PCR showed DRD1 and DRD2 mRNAs expressed in brain injury group and dopamine receptor group were similar (0.764 ± 0.074 vs 0.718 ± 0.065,0.439 ± 0.051 vs 0.408 ± 0.090,P ＞ 0.05),far higher than 0.189 ± 0.008 and 0.076 ± 0.011 in control group (P ＜ 0.01),but both lowered in dopamine antagonist group (0.386 ± 0.071,0.270 ± 0.092,P ＜ 0.01).estern blot analysis showed DRD1 and DRD2 proteins in brain injury group and dopamine receptor group were similar,but both were far higher when compared to control group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Impaired intestinal mucosal barrier may be relate to the up-regulated dopamine receptor in intestinal mucosa after brain injury in rats.

Objective To investigate the level of self-management behaviors and the quality of life with gastro esophageal reflux disease(GERD) patients,and analyze the correlation between self-management level and quality of life.Methods A total of 372 GERD patients were investigated by using Self-management Behavior Scale and Mos 36-item Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey.Results The level of self-management behaviors in GERD patients was relatively low.The total score of quality of life was (48.75±7.59) and the scores of the level of self-management behaviors was (5.13±0.59).Correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between quality of life and self-management behaviors(r=0.423,P＜0.01).Conclusion To promote the patients' health status,nursing staff should take measures to strengthen patient health education on the level of self-management behaviors for GERD patients.

[ABSTRACT]AIM:ToobservetheeffectofthesignalingpathwayofproteinkinaseC(PKC)-nuclearfactor-ery-throid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in the rat airway epithelial cells .METHODS:After exposed to CSE , the airway epithelial cells of male SD rats were di-vided into control group , CSE3 group, RO318220 group, Nrf2 siRNA group and RO318220+Nrf2 siRNA group.The pro-tein levels of HO-1, Nrf2 and PKC were semi-quantified by Western blotting .The protein expression of HO-1 was assessed by immunocytochemistry .The mRNA expression of HO-1 was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) .Nrf2 protein location was observed by immunofluorescence staining .HO-1 activity was also determined .RE-SULTS:After exposure to CSE for 3 h, the Nrf2 protein was mainly located in the nucleus , and the expression level of Nrf2 protein in the nucleus was stronger than that in the control cells .CSE also significantly enhanced the levels of p-PKC protein, and HO-1 mRNA, protein and activity .Pretreatment with RO318220 significantly decreased the levels of PKC pro-tein, Nrf2 protein, and HO-1 mRNA, protein and activity.Meanwhile, Nrf2 protein significantly decreased , and the activ-ity, mRNA and protein levels of HO-1 were also significantly attenuated by pretreatment with siRNA to knock down Nrf2. Pretreatment with RO318220 and Nrf2 siRNA significantly decreased the PKC protein , Nrf2 protein, and HO-1 mRNA, protein and activity .CONCLUSION:CSE up-regulates the HO-1 expression through PKC-induced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the rat airway epithelial cells .