Objective To explore the effects of Xiefuzhuyu decoction on myocardial cellar apoptosis and expression of ICAM-1 gene protein in rats of experimental acute ischemic myocardium. Methods The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to make a model of acute ischemic myocardium. The changes in myocardial cellar apoptosis and the ICAM-1 gene expression were detected. Results The number of myocardium cellar apoptosis in Xiefuzhuyu group and Diaoxinxiekang group were significantly less than those of ischemic model group respectively. The number of myocyte necrotic cell increased in ischemic group. At the same time, the expression of ICAM-1 supported this condition. Conclusion Xiefuzhuyu decoction and Diaoxinxiekang can protect ischemic myocardium.

Objective To investigate the effects of mild hypothermia on the expression of Dickkopf-1(Dkk1)in rats'brains after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and to explore the molecular mechanism of any neuroprotective effects of mild hypothermia. Methods A focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion model was established in rats by intraluminal filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.The adult rats were randomly divided into four groups:a sham-operation group,a sham-operation plus mild hypothermia group,a model group,and a model plus mild hypothermia group.The expression of Dkk-1 mRNA and protein in the ischemic cortex at different phases afterreperfusion were assessed using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining.Results There was little expression of Dkk-1 mRNA or its protein in the sham-operation group or in the sham-operation plus mild hypothermia group.Expression of Dkk-1 mRNA and its protein began to increase after 2 h of cerebral ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion,with expression peaking at the 24th h after the start of reperfusion and then decreasing markedly.But expression was still stronger than in the sham-operation group at the 72nd h.At every reperfusion time point,expression of Dkk-1 mRNA and its protein were markedly less in the model plus mild hypothermia group than in the model group. Conclusion Dkk-1 probably participates in the pathologic process of injury caused by focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.Inhibiting the expression of Dkk-1 after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion is partly responsible for the neuroprotective effects of mild hypothermia.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of round window membrane administration of dex-amethasone(Dex) on ototoxicity induced by gentamicin(GM) .Methods Sixty guinea pigs with normal hearing were randomly divided into four groups ,①GM group :treated with gentamicin by 120 mg · kg -1 · d-1 for 10 days;②GM -S-Dex group:treated as the GM group and dexamethasone by intraperitoneal injection 2 .5 mg · kg -1 · d-1 for 10 days;③GM -T -Dex group :treated as the GM group and dexamethasone by round window administration on right ear ;④NS -T -Dex group:treated with sodium chloride by 120 mg · kg -1 · d-1 for 10 days and with dex-amethasone topically as GM -T -Dex group .The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was respectively measured before the treatment and on day 1 ,day 10 after the treatment .After the treatment ,animals were killed instantly and the middle ear mucosa and the Corti's organ were observed with SEM .Results There was no change of ABR threshold in NS -T -Dex group on day 10 after the treatment ,whereas ABR thresholds in the other groups were elevated and GM group was the most significant .The massive outer hair cells loss was observed in GM group while the loss in GM -T -Dex group and GM -S-Dex group was trivial .The middle ear mucosa was normal and no inflammation was found in any of the groups .Conclusion The results indicated that round window administration of dexamethasone had protective effects aganist the gentamicin -induced hearing loss .

Objective To evaluate the control effect of comprehensive measures of schistosomiasis after its transmission in?terruption in Kaihua County,Zhejiang Province,so as to provide the references for further consolidation of schistosomiasis con?trol. Methods The data of Oncomelania hupensis snail survey and control,as well as environmental reform in Kaihua County were collected and analyzed from 1996 to 2015. Results From 1996 to 2015,totally 2 635 snail habitats and 102.75 hm2 area with snails were found,and 125.4 thousand snails were dissected and no one was schistosome infected. The accumulated snail control area was 4 932.98 hm2,and the area with snails was effectively reduced by the comprehensive control measures. Conclu?sion The schistosomiasis control effect could be consolidated by the comprehensive control measures emphasizing environmen?tal reconstruction,and the snail surveillance work still should be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the effect of silicone oil on the corneal endothelium in experimental animal models,while the silicone oil in the anterior chamber of the experimental animals will be taken out so as to explore their corneal changes.Methods Forty healthy white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups : silicone oil in the anterior chamber group (SIG),silicone oil in and out of the anterior chamber group (SIOG) and control group(CG).The cornea of rabbit was investigated at different times by slit-lamp,corneal thickness instrument,endothelial cell count instrument,histology and electromicroscopy.The time of silicone oil in the anterior chamber without keratpathy and the pathological changes of cornea with taking out of the silicone oil were observed.Results The density of the corneal endothelium in SIOG and SIG decreased more obviously by endothelial cell count instrument from 8 weeks to 16 weeks compared with control group (P

Brain injury in preterm infants is an important reason for making the newborn disability.Neonatal cerebral injury of imaging examination method has a time lag.Looking for a simple,timely,accurate predictor of biological markers of brain injury in preterm infants is particularly important.In this paper,the role of S100B protein,glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron-specific enolase of brain injury in preterm infants was reviewed,and the significance of early diagnosis of brain injury in preterm infants was discussed.

Objective To adopt Fst statistical method to assess the heterogeneity sources of meta‐analysis by dichotomous varia‐ble .Methods The case‐control studies on the relationship between KIF1B gene rs17401966 polymorphism and hepatocellular carci‐noma(HCC) risk were collected by retrieving the databases including Google Scholar ,EMBASE ,PubMed ,ISI Web of Knowledge and CNKI .The meta analysis was performed by using the Stata12 .0 software .The genetic differentiation degree among populations was analyzed and researched by using the Arlequin 3 .5 software .Results A total of 5 case‐control studies were finally included ,in‐volving 12 research populations .The meta analysis on 12 populations showed that KIF1B gene rs17401966G allele was negatively correlated with HCC risk (OR=0 .77 ,95% CI:0 .65-0 .93 ;P=0 .005) .However ,the strong heterogeneity existed in this pooled re‐sults .The genetic differentiation test in the included 12 populations found that Zhang′s five research populations had varying de‐grees of genetic differentiation compared to other populations .Then the proper subgroup analysis was further conducted based on Fst value ,and then the I2 value of the heterogeneity test in the group 8 and 9 was descended to less than 25% .However ,the meta analysis results of the group 8 and 9 were inconsistent .Conclusion This study showed that conducting the meta‐analysis of KIF1B gene rs17401966 polymorphism and the HCC risk can find the heterogeneity sources of meta‐analysis by conducting the genetic dif‐ferentiation test in the included population .

Medical whole-body positron emission tomography (PET), one of the most successful molecular imaging technologies, has been widely used in the fields of cancer diagnosis, cardiovascular disease diagnosis and cranial nerve study. But, on the other hand, the sensitivity, spatial resolution and signal-noise-ratio of the commercial medical whole-body PET systems still have some shortcomings and a great room for improvement. The sensitivity, spatial resolution and signal-noise-ratio of PET system are largely affected by the performances of the scintillators and the photo detectors. The design of a PET system is usually a trade-off in cost and performance. A better image quality can be achieved by optimizing and balancing the key components which affect the system performance the most without dramatically increases in cost. With the development of the scintillator, photo-detector and high speed electronic system, the performance of medical whole-body PET system would be dramatically improved. In this paper, we report current progresses and discuss future directions of the developments of technologies in medical whole-body PET system.
Humans ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; trends

Objective To investigate the pathogen and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) under different pH value of gastric juice,and to explore the endogenous pathogenesis of VAP.Methods Ninety-eight cases were admitted in our neonatal intensive care unit from Dec 2008 to Dec 2010.According to whether VAP happened,they were divided into VAP group (52 cases) and non-VAP group (46 cases).The relation between pH value of gastric juice and the species of pathogenic bacteria in stomach was analyzed.Results The incidence of VAP was 53.1％ (52/98).The pH value of gastric juice affected the species of pathogenic bacteria in stomach.When pH ≤ 4,the major species of pathogenic bacteria were Candida and Gram-positive bacillus; and pH ＞ 4,the major species were Gram-negative bacillus.The incidence of VAP was 34.5％ (10/29) when pH≤4;on the contrary,the incidence was 60.9％ (42/69) when pH ＞ 4.The incidence of VAP at the time of pH ＞ 4 was significantly higher than that of pH ≤4 ( x2 =5.71,P =0.017).Conclusion The pH value of gastric juice is an important factor of the species of pathogenic bacteria in stomach,especially for Gram-negative bacillus,including multi-drug resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria.The higher of pH value,the incidence of VAP is higher.

Objective To investigate the modulatory effects of glycyrrhizin (GL) on the expressions of nu-clear factor kappa B (NF-κB), glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and cytokines in serum, and to explore the protective mechanism of GL in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaecharide (LPS). Method Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly(random number) divided into three groups (n = 8 in each) : normal group, ALI group and GL treatment group. Rats in the ALI group and GL treatment group were administered with LPS (5 mg/kg) intravenously. In GL treatment group, rats were treated with GL (20 mg/kg) one hour before LPS injec-tion. The animals were sacrificed 4 hours after injection of LPS, and then the lung wewt/dry ratio and PaO_2 were measured, the histopathology of lung injury was observed under light microscope, the expressions of NF-κB mRNA and GR mRNA in lung tissues were detected by using RT-PCR, and the levels of NF-κB protein and GR protein were determined by using Western blot. The levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in serum were observed by using ELISA.Data were analyzed with SPSS version 13.0 software, and means were compared with analysis of variance and Stu-dent-Newman-Keuls test. Results (1) TNF-α levels in normal group, ALI group and GL treatment group were (43.96±7.57), (153.68±20.42), and (87.23±7.52) ng/L, respectively, and IL-10 levels were (24.72±8.03), (42.48±6.81) and (58.33±9.62) ng/L, respectively (F = 183.70, all P <0.01). (2) NF-κB mRNA expressions in normal group, ALI group and GL treatment group were (0.432±0.085), (3.414±0.521) and (1.894±0.272), respectively, and NF-κB protein levels were (45.6±7.3), (254.7±16.4)and (133.5 ±11.7) ng/L, respectively, and comparison between groups showed statistical significant (F = 187.82 and 1466.53, ALL P < 0.01). GR mRNA expressions in normal group, ALI group and GL treatment group were (0.434±0.013), (0.152±0.025) and (0.308±0.033), respectively, and GR protein levels were(54.6±6.5), (11.5±2.3)and (28.2±5.6) ng/L, respectively (F = 246.00 and 260.92, all P < 0.01). (3) Com-pared with normal group, infiltration of PMNs, capillary congestion and swelling were found in ALI group, and treatment with GL could attenuate the lung injury. Conclusions Glycyrrhizin has a protective effects on rats with ALI induced by LPS maybe through down-regulating the expressions of NF-κB mRNA and TNF-α mRNA, and up-regulating the expression of GR mRNA and level of IL-10 protein.