Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of direct peroral cholangioscopy (DPCS) by freehand intubation using routine straight-view endoscope for diagnosis and therapy of biliary diseases.Methods Patients with unexplained choledochal stenosis and choledocholithiasis underwent standard ERCP.Native papilla was dilated using endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD)according to the size of papilla and the diameter of common bile duct.DPCS was performed using routine straight-view endoscope,and biopsy or laser lithotripsy was performed according to imaging of DPCS.General data of patients,procedure of ERCP,diagnosis of DPCS,and complications were recorded.Serum amylase after 2 hours and 24 hours,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,leukocyte count,neutrophilic granulocyte percentage,and C-reactive protein were measured.Results A total of 15 patients underwent DPCS,including 5 cases of huge common bile duct stones and 10 cases of common bile duct stricture.The diameter of common bile duct ranged from 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm.Single EPLBD was required in 3 cases,endoscopic sphincteropapillotomy and EPLBD was required in 12 cases to facilitate DPCS.DPCS was successfully completed in 14 cases,including 11 cases in distal common bile duct,3 cases in proximal common bile duct.Among the 14 cases,4 cases used ordinary gastroscope,and 10 cases used ultrathin gastroscope.Laser lithotripsy was successfully completed in 4 choledocholithiasis patients.DPCS was successfully completed in 9 patients of common bile duct stenosis.The reasons of stenosis included 5 calculi,2 normal,1 scar and 2 adenoma.There were 1 case of cholangitis and 4 cases of hyperamylasemia after operation.No procedure related death occurred.Conclusion Freehand DPCS using ordinary gastroscope or ultrathin gastroscope is feasible and safe,and may be clinically useful for diagnosis and therapy of unexplained choledocholithiasis and common bile duct stenosis.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of Huangqishengmai Oral Solution for Viral myocarditis. Methods: 128 patients in the therapeutic group were treated with Huangqishengmai Oral Solution. 72 patients in the control group were treated with routine treatment. The changes of heart rate, heart function, electrocar-diogram ST-T, arrhythmia, SOD and MDA before and after treatment were observed. Results: (a) The heart rates of both groups slowed down after treatment, and there were obvious differences in various markers of heart function between before and after treatment. (b) ST-T change of patients in the therapeutic group was obvious. The effective rate of the therapeutic group was higher than that of the control group. (c) SOD level of patients in the therapeutical group rised. MDA level decreased. (d) No obvious difference in treating arrhythmia was observed between two groups. Conclusion: Huangqishengmai Oral Solution is effective for viral myocarditis and should be widely applied in clinic.

[Objective]To observe the effect of treating hallux valgus with modified Mitchell operation.[Method]A total of 18 cases(28 feet) of hallux valgus were treated with modified Mitchell operation from Apr.2000 to Oct.2003.The average preoperative hallux valgus angle(HVA) was 30.5 according to the X-ray images,while the average intermetatarso-phalangeal angle(IMA) was 13.5.The difference between the modified Mitchell operation and normal one was that only one transverse osteotomy need to be carried out in the distal metatarsal without lateral ridge left.The distal position of osteotomy was extended according to the sum of IMA and then moved to the metatarso side by 2~3 mm.Absorbable screws were used for fixation.[Result]All 28 feet were followed up for 10~32 months.It showed excellent result in 24 feet,good in 3,and bad in 1,with the total satisfactory rate of 92.9%.According to the postoperative weight-loading X-ray checking result,the average HVA was 15.5,with an average improving of 15;the average IMA was 8.5,with an average improving of 5.[Conclusion]The modified Mitchell operation can correct the metatarso-varus without destroying the biomechanical status.The loading function of great toe could be resumed by the removing of the first metatarso head.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of alcohol fixation and liquid-based cytology method for malignant stricture of common bile duct and to study the interval time between sampling and fixation for procedure of alcohol fixation.Methods Data of 82 patients were retrospectively studied,who were suspected of having malignant stricture of common bile duct underwent brushing through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP),and were confirmed by follow-up for 2 years or pathology after surgery from October 2008 to June 2013.These patients were randomly divided into alcohol fixation group (n =30),liquid-based cytology group (n =28) and conventional cytology group (n =24).The positive diagnostic rates of brush cytology in each group were compared.The alcohol fixation group were randomly divided into 2-minute group and 5-minute group according to the interval time between sampling and fixation.Positive diagnostic rates were also compared.Results The positive rates were 73.33％ (alcohol fixation group,22/30),75.00％ (liquid-based cytology group,21/28) and 20.83％ (conventional cytology group,5/24),respectively.The positive rate of conventional cytology group was obviously lower than alcohol fixation group (x2 =21.525,P=0.000) and liquid-based cytology group (x2 =22.208,P =0.000) with statistical significance.But the positive rate of alcohol fixation group was similar to the liquid-based cytology group (x2 =0.683,P =0.898).In alcohol fixation group,the positive rate of 2-min group (88.24％,15/17) was significantly higher than the 5-min group (53.85％,7/13) with statistical significance (x2 =4.535,P =0.033).Conclusion Compared with conventional fixation,alcohol fixation and liquid-based cytology can improve positive diagnostic rate of brushing during ERCP.The alcohol fixation is more simple in procedure and low in cost than liquid-based cytology.The interval time between sampling and fixation should be reduced to no more than 2 minutes.

Objective To review the prevalence of nosocomial infection and the change of drug resistance in a comprehensive intensive care unit (ICU) and to provide theoretical basis for clinical prevention and treatment.Methods The strains of bacteria and fungi were isolated from ICU and their drug resistance was retrospectively analyzed from Jan.1st,2010 to Dec.31th,2011.Results The main pathogen of nosocomial infection were Gram-negative bacteria ( 73.3％ ),Gram-positive bacteria ( 17.9％ ) and fungi ( 8.7％ ).In bacterial infection,Gram-negative and G-positive bacteria accounted for 80.3％ and 19.7％ respectively.In Gram-negative bacteria,pseudomonas aeruginosa was the major type (21.7％).In Gram-positive bacteria,staphylococcus aureus (31.4％) was most prominent.Drug resistance of bacteria was severe,while that of fungi was mild.Conclusion Bacteria has severe drug resistance and exhibits multi-drug resistance for commonly used antibiotics.The principle of antibiotics application should be mastered and antibiotics should be chosen according to drug-sensitivity tests.

Nanobodies,which occur naturally in Camelidae animals,are the functional heavy chain antibodies without light chains.Having the relative properties of small size,high stability,good solubility and targeting effect,nanobodies have a great potential in PET and SPECT imaging for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases,such as tumor and infectious disease.Radio-labeled nanobodies might have potential to become the molecular imaging probes of the next generation.

BACKGROUND: How to obtain human-derived hepatocyte of high quality is the key problem for both bioartificial liver and hepatocyte transplantation. Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) can differentiate hepatocyte under proper condition, which provides a new think for obtaining hepatocyte.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the methods of the trans-differentiation of human BMSCs into hepatocyte in rats so as to provide a new think for clinical transplantation of liver and source of bioartificial liver.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: General Surgery of Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted at Central Laboratory of Zhujia ng Hospital of Southern Medical University from May 2004 to February 2005. Totally 40 male SD rats of clean grade were divided randomly into five groups: model group, modeling + 14-day transplantation group of human BMSCs, modeling + 28-day transplantation group of human BMSCs, modeling + 14-day transplantation group of CL-1 cell (human hepatocyte family), and modeling + 28-day transplantation group of CL-1 cell (human hepatocyte family) with 8 in each group.acetaminofIuorene + carbon tetrachloride + cyclophosphamide were esand differentiated into hepatocyte with remedial liver regeneration. Human BMSCs were observed for 14 days in modeling + 14-day transplantation group of human BMSCs, for 28 days in modeling + 28-day transplantation group of human BMSCs, for 14 days in modeling + 14-day transplantation group of CL-1 cell and for 28 days in modeling + 28-day transplantation group of CL-1 cell. However, cells in model group function of rats was measured at normal state, before and after transplantation. The expressions of human albumin mRNA in liver were detected by immunohistochemistry staining, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respectively.of human albumin mRNA in liver.transplantation of human BMSCs on hepatic function and content of total bilirubin: Hepatic function and content of total bilirubin in each transplantation group were similar to those in model group at normal state and before transplantation (P ＞ 0.05); values in each group were obviously increased before transplantation as compared with those at normal state (P ＜ 0.01) and were obviously decreased after transplantation as compared with those before transplantation (P ＜ 0.01) but were higher ical section of hepatic cells: At normal state, pathological section of hepatic cells showed that hepatic cells lined in strip-chorda shape and radian shape around central vein; and inflammatory cells were not infiltrated in crossed-channel area. Necrosis was observed in model group. Proliferated changes were observed in transplantation groups of human BMSCs after a few of necrosis, and ovale-round cells and small bile duct proliferation main histocompatibility antigen-I in liver: Positive rate was 0 in model group; (13.03±0.18)% in modeling + 14-day transplantation group of human BMSCs; (9.47±0.46)% modeling + 28-day transplantation group of human BMSCs; (10.27±0.50)% in modeling + 14-day transplantation group of CL-1 cell; and (9.84±0.23)% in modeling + 28-day transplanwas detected in model group, but Sox11 and Alu-sx were detected in both transplantation groups of human BMSCs and CL-1 cells at various RT-PCR: Expression of human albumin mRNA was not observed in model group, but expression of that was observed in transplantation groups of human BMSCs and CL-1 cell as well as positive controls at various time points respectively.CONCLUSION: Human BMSCs can promote recovery of hepatic function.Replaceable rate of human-derived cells is 10% in liver of rats, which suggests that human BMSCs can converse into hepatocyte in xenoma and replace partly.

Objective To apply short message service (SMS) for pulmonary rehabilitation in residence. Methods A total of 102 old pa-tients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in stable situation were equally divided into three groups randomly. They all ac-cepted a two-week lesson of exercise project, and then took in the project for 22 weeks. Meanwhile, group A phoned to their experts once a week, group B was phoned by their experts once a week, and group C accepted SMS once a day and sent back to the experts. They were in-vestigated with Exercise Self Regulatory Efficacy Scale (Ex-SERS), modified British Medical Research Council Scale (mMRC) and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) before and after intervention. Results The score of Ex-SERS was the most in group C (F=179.53, P<0.001), with the interaction of time (F=387.09, P<0.001). While the scores of mMRC (F=8.754, P<0.001) and CAT (F=11.32, P<0.001) were the least in group C. Conclusion Application of SMS in the integrated management for pulmonary rehabilitation in residence may improve the self regu-latory efficacy of exercise, release the dyspnea and the influence on living in patients with COPD.

Objective To explore the effect of self efficacy combined with mobile health information service applied in pulmonary rehabilitation in residence in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods Sixty-eight elderly patients in stable situation were divided into the control group and the intervention group with 34 cases in each group accoridng to the random digit table. In the control group, the nursing intervention included health education and telephone follow-up. The intervention group adopted self efficacy theory combined with mobile health information service. The items such as persistence in pulmonary rehabilitation, Exercise Self-Regulatory Efficacy Scale (Ex-SRES) and health condition were assessed. Results After intervention for 12 weeks, the scores of persistence in pulmonary rehabilitation in residence in the intervention group scored 5.35 ±1.42, which was higher than that in the control group (2.03±1.40), the difference was significant (t=160.43, P<0.01). Ex-SRES of the intervention group scored 62.06±13.10,91.21±11.12, which were higher than those of the control group, 50.38±18.03,42.56±18.23, the difference was significant (t=9.32,176.88, P<0.01) . The interaction between treatment effects and time effect was significant in COPD Assessment of Tool (CAT) and Ex-SRES respectively(F=489.95,P=0.00;F=134.80, P=0.00). Comparing value of CAT in baseline (24.97±4.74,24.62±5.39) and at the end of the twelfth week(24.94±4.74,24.65±5.35), the difference was not significant in two groups respectively(P>0.05). The improvement of CAT was significant at the end of the twenty-forth week (21.90±4.67) in the intervention group (t=-12.09, P<0.01). Conclusions Self efficacy theory and the application of mobile health information services can help patients persist in long-term rehabilitation exercise training.

Objective To investigate the effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 in rat' s kidney poisoned by paraquat (PQ).Methods The PQ (100 mg/kg) were administered via a gastric tube to make an animal model of acute kidney injury in rats.Then DG (50 mg/kg per 24 h) were administered immediately by intraperitoneal injection in the DG group.The ELISA assay was applied to measuring the IL-6 and IL-10 in kidneys and in blood.And the protein expressions of TLR-4, Myd88 and NF-κB P65 were examined by Immunohistochemistry.The gene expressions of TLR-4, Myd88 and NF-κB on kidneys were detected by RT-PCR.Results The levels of serum Cr, BUN , IL-6 and renal IL-6 in PQ group were significantly higher than those in NS group (F =266.014, 168.160, 63.279, 192.997, respectively, P ＜0.01).While, the levels of serum Cr, BUN , IL-6 and renal IL-6 in DG group were significantly lower than those in PQ group (F =266.014, 168.160, 63.279, 192.997, respectively, P ＜ 0.01).And the levels of serum and renal IL-10 in PQ group were higher than those in NS group (F =87.511, 79.473, respectively, P ＜ 0.01).But the levels of serum and renal IL-10 in DG group were lower than those in PQ group (F =87.511, 79.473, respectively, P ＜0.01).The results of PCR confirmed that the expressions of TLR-4 mRNA , myd88 mRNA and NF-κB mRNA in PQ group were higher than those in NS group (F =84.408, 60.683, 86.272, respectively, P ＜0.01), while, the expressions of TLR-4 mRNA , myd88 mRNA and NF-κB mRNA in DG group were lower than those in PQ group (F =84.408, 60.683, 86.272, respectively, P ＜ 0.01).The protein levels of TLR-4 , Myd88 and NF-κB P65 in PQ group were higher than those in NS group (F =79.139, 61.799,112.740, respectively, P ＜0.01).While the protein levels of TLR-4, Myd88 and NF-κB P65 in DG group were lower than those in PQ group (F =79.139, 61.799, 112.740, respectively, P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate can attenuate rat's acute kidney injury caused by paraquat poisoning and decrease the expressions of TLR-4, Myd88 and NF-κB.