Objective To study the effect and indication of the shape memory alloy(SMA)embracing fixator for treatment of clavicular fracture.Methods Thirty-six cases with clavicular fr acture were treated with SMA embracing fixator,of which 33we re middle third fracture and 3were between middle and lateral fracture.Results Thirty-five cases were followed up f or an average of 16months(from 8to 20months)and the average clinical healing was 2.8months(between 2and 4months).The results were evaluated accordi ng to Han Pingliang' s criteria and showed that 22cases wa s excellent,and 11cases was good.The excellent and good rate was 94.3percent.Conclusion The internal fixation with SMA embra cing fixator is less traumatic,stab le,safly effective to treat clavicular fracture.It is recommendable for treatment of clavicu lar fracture located in the middle an d proximal.The SMA embracing fixator must be pru dently used when the fracture is in th e curvature of clavicle.

Objective To explore the effects of Xiefuzhuyu decoction on myocardial cellar apoptosis and expression of ICAM-1 gene protein in rats of experimental acute ischemic myocardium. Methods The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to make a model of acute ischemic myocardium. The changes in myocardial cellar apoptosis and the ICAM-1 gene expression were detected. Results The number of myocardium cellar apoptosis in Xiefuzhuyu group and Diaoxinxiekang group were significantly less than those of ischemic model group respectively. The number of myocyte necrotic cell increased in ischemic group. At the same time, the expression of ICAM-1 supported this condition. Conclusion Xiefuzhuyu decoction and Diaoxinxiekang can protect ischemic myocardium.

[Objective] To investigate the effect of dredging meridians in improving prostatitis type Ⅲ. [Methods] Sixty cases of prostatitis were randomized into groups A and B, 30 in each group. The two groups were both treated with Keduohua Capsule, which was a ?-eceptor blocker, and group B was added with Guizhi Fuling Pill (GFP). The treatment lasted 12 weeks. Chronic prostatitis symptoms index issued by American National Institute of Health (NIH-CPSI) , white blood cells (WBC) count and the amount of lecithin body in prostatic secretion, and urinary flow rate were examined before and after treatment to evaluate the therapeutic effect of GFP and the safety of the combination of two medicines . [Results] The clinical symptoms were relieved, WBC count and the amount of lecithin body in prostatic secretion were reduced, and urinary flow rate was increased ( P

Silencing ATM gene gave rise to enhanced apoptotic response to irradiation and irradiation-like chemotherapy agents, this paper explored the crucial identities of the molecular elements responsible for the enhanced apoptotic response in U937 cells mediated by silencing ATM gene. Two U937 cell mutants named U937-ASPI3K (ATM, negative) and U937-pZeosv2(+) (ATM, wild-type) were used as a cell model system to identify the critical molecule(s) responsible for the varied apoptotic response in the absence or presence of ATM gene. Apoptosis was examined by measuring concentrations of free nucleosome in U937 cells. Western blot was employed to measure nuclear protein abundance of CDC25A, CDC25B, CDC25C, total p34cdc2, p34cdc2, (Thr 161) or p34cdc2 (Thr 14, Tyr 15). RT-PCR was used to estimate CDC25 transcript levels. U937-ASPI3K exhibited an enhanced apoptotic response to lower dosage of irradiation, which could not be blocked by protein synthesis inhibitor. Protein serine-threonine phosphatase inhibitor or cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, on the other hand, abolished the enhancement indicated that protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation modification and CDK activity are required for the enhanced apoptotic response in the absence of ATM gene. Upon irradiation, p34cdc2 in U937-pZeosv2(+) was maintained in an inactive state by phosphorylation on threonine 14 (Thr 14) and tyrosine 15 (Tyr 15), which was associated with a dramatic decrease of nuclear CDC25A, CDC25B and CDC25C proteins. In contrast, p34cdc2 in U937-ASPI3K maintained in an active state by dephosphorylation on threonine 14 (Thr 14) and tyrosine 15 (Tyr 15), which was associated with constant nuclear CDC25A, CDC25B and CDC25C protein abundance before and after irradiation. The responsive decrease of nuclear CDC25 proteins occurred at the post-transcription level. Silencing ATM gene blocks the responsive decrease of nuclear CDC25 proteins, which is responsible for failure to inactivate p34cdc2 after irradiation. Active p34cdc2 and CDK2, in turn, acts as the death executors to trigger apoptosis. In summary, aberrantly activated CDK activity is the critical molecular mechanism central to enhanced apoptotic responses in the absence of ATM gene.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of taurine on HK-2 cells exposed to oxalate (Ox) and calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal (COM) in vivo.Methods HK-2 cells,a proximal tubular epithelial cell line,were cultured.Five groups were divided in this study:control group (only HK-2 cells) ; Ox and COM group (HK-2 cells + Ox + COM) ; Taurine group (HK-2 cells + Ox + COM + Taurine) ; Apocynin group (HK-2 cells + Ox + COM + Apocynin) ; Catalase group (HK-2 cells + Ox + COM +Catalase).After 6 hrs,the cultures medias from each group were tested for LDH,H2O2,8-isoprostane,and MCP-1 protein.Cellular expression of MCP-1 mRNA and P47phox mRNA were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.After 24 hrs,cells livability was investigated by MTT.Results Compared with the control,cells livability was reduced when exposed to Ox and COM (P ＜ 0.05),Treatment with Taurine,Apocynin and Catalase significantly increased the cells livability (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control,the expression of LDH,H2O2,8-isoprostane,and cellular expression of MCP-1 mRNA and P47phox mRNA were increased following exposure to Ox and COM (P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P ＜0.05).Treatment with Taurine,Apocynin and Catalase significantly reduced the expression of LDH,H2O2,8-isoprostane,as well as the cellular expression of MCP-1 mRNA.Expression of P47phox mRNA in Taurine group was not reduced significantly (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions This study showed that Taurine protected the HK-2 cells from oxidative injury exposed to Ox and COM by the pathway that may not be in relation to the inhibition of P47phox mRNA expression.

In order to understand the alcohol's toxicity to the quantitative alternations of synapses in mouse visual cortex, the expression of synaptophysin after prenatal alcohol exposure was investigated. In present study, the experimental mice at P0, P7, P14 and P30 were grouped, as control, 2 g x kg(-1) alcohol treatment and 4 g x kg(-1) alcohol treatment. The pre-synaptic elements which were used to represent synapses were marked with synaptophysin (a synaptic vesicle associated protein) by immunocytochemistry technique. The synaptophysin positive boutons in layer VI of visual cortex were imaged under laser confocal microscope. With stereological methods, the number cal density of synapse in visual cortex was calculated in different groups at various ages. Moreover, Western blotting was carried out to detect the expression of synaptophysin in visual cortex. The results showed that prenatal alcohol exposure could cause synaptic loss with long-term effect and in a dose dependent manner. For instance, there were significant difference among the different treatment groups of P0, P14 and P30 as well (P < 0.05). Western blotting supported the results of immunofluorescent labeling. In conclusion, prenatal alcohol exposure can induce the synaptic loss dose dependently and with long-term effect. Our findings implicate that the synaptic loss with long-term effect in CNS probably contributes to the lifelong mental retardation and memorial lowliness associated with childhood FAS.

BACKGROUND:Intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate is an effective method for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, with significant effect and less adverse reactions, but the mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVE:Through testing the malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels in the synovial fluid of knee osteoarthritis before and after injection of sodium hyaluronate, to evaluate the clinical efficacy of sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. METHODS:Thirty-seven patients with knee osteoarthritis (40 knees) were enroled and divided into mild (n=10, 10 knees), moderate (n=17, 18 knees), and severe (n=10, 12 knees) groups according to the Japan's knee osteoarthritis indications. Patients were subjected to intra-articular injection of 25 mg sodium hyaluronate, once a week for 5 weeks. The levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in the synovial fluid before and 4 weeks after treatment were detected, and then clinical effects were evaluated based on the clinical scores according to the Japan’s knee osteoarthritis indications. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The indication rating results of the mild and moderate groups were decreased significantly 4 weeks after injection (P < 0.05), but there were no significant difference in the severe group before and after treatment. The malondialdehyde level in the synovial fluid was decreased obviously in the three groups at 4 weeks after injection (P < 0.05), while the level of superoxide dismutase was increased remarkably (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that sodium hyaluronate can treat knee osteoarthritis by reducing the malondialdehyde level and increasing superoxide dismutase level in the synovial fluid, but this method is more suitable for treatment of mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis.

AIM:To investigate the autophagy induced by sepsis and acute kidney injury , and the regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway in this process.METHODS: The rats were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture ( CLP) or sham operation .Histopathologic changes of the renal tissues were examined by HE staining .Blood urea nitrogen ( BUN) and serum creatinine ( SCr) were measured by chemical colorime-try.The protein expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 I/II (LC3 I/II), beclin-1 and p-Akt at different time points after CLP was detected by Western blotting .In vitro, human proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 were treated with LPS to induce autophagy .The protein expression of LC 3 I/II and p-Akt in the HK-2 cells after LPS treatment at different time points and different concentrations was detected by Western blotting .These molecules in HK-2 cells and apoptosis of HK-2 cells treated with LPS plus PI3K inhibitor or Akt inhibitor were also detected .RESULTS: Compared with sham group , the severe changes of renal histopathological injuries in CLP groups were observed , the levels of BUN and SCr in CLP groups were significantly increased .LC3 I/II, beclin-1 and phosphorylation of Akt gradually increased after CLP.After treatment with LPS, the expression of p-Akt (308) in the HK-2 cells gradually increased in a dose-and time-dependent fashion.The expression of beclin-1 and p-Akt (472) reached a peak at 8 h or 10 mg/L LPS treatment.Treat-ment with PI3K or Akt inhibitor down-regulated the expression of LC3 and promoted the apoptosis of HK-2 cells.CON-CLUSION:Autophagy in the kidney is induced by sepsis and acute kidney injury .PI3/Akt signaling pathway may be in-volved in this process .

Multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (M-RT-PCR) has been proved to possess great clinical potential for simultaneous screening of 29 chromosomal translocations in acute leukemia. To evaluate the clinical value of M-RT-PCR in hematologic malignancies, bone marrow samples from 90 patients with various hematologic malignancies, including 25 acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), 22 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 27 chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), 4 myeloproliferative diseases (MPD), 3 chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL), 3 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 3 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 2 multiple myeloma (MM) and 1 malignant histocytosis (MH) were subjected to both M-RT-PCR and chromosome karyotypic analysis. Some of cases were subjected to follow-up examination of M-RT-PCR during the period of clinical complete remission (CR) for detection of minimal residual leukemia. In our hand, 12 of 29 chromosomal translocation transcripts including TEL/PDGFR, DEK/CAN, MLL/AF6, AML1/ETO, MLL/AF9, BCR/ABL, MLL/MLL, PML/RARu, TLS/ERG, E2A/HLF, EVI1 and HOXI1 were detected in 57 cases (63.3 %) of the 90 samples, which were in consistence with the results of karyotypic analysis. Furthermore, M-RT-PCR had also shown good clinical relevance when used as an approach to detect minimal residual leukemia. We concluded that M-RT-PCR could be used as an efficient and fast diagnostic tool not only in the initial diagnosis of hematologic malignancies but also in subsequent monitor of minimal residual leukemia.

The effects of two different histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, sodium butyrate (NaB) and trichostatin A (TSA),on apoptosis of human leukemic cells in vitro and the molecular mechanisms were investigated. The experiments were divided up 5 groups: control group, NaB group, TSA group, NaB+Z-VAD-FMK group and TSA+Z-VAD-FMK group. The apoptosis rate was determined by morphological analysis and flow cytomytry. The expression of Daxx, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl proteins was detected by Western blot. NaB and TSA could induce the apoptosis of HL-60 and K562 cells, and Z-VAD-FMK caused a marked decrease in apoptosis induced by HDAC inhibitors. HDAC inhibitors could down-regulate the expression of Daxx protein, but had no significant influence on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl proteins. The results suggested that NaB and TSA induce distinct caspase-dependent apoptosis of human leukemic cells through down-regulating the expression of Daxx protein in vitro.