[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen ( HBO) on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α( HIF-1α) expression in rat experimental periodontitis with psychological stress.METHODS:Male special pathogen-free Wistar rats ( n=120) were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control group;psychological stress stimulation group;experi-mental periodontitis group: the periodontitis model was induced by wrapping 3/0 silk ligature inoculated with Porphy-romonas gingivalis around the left maxillary second molar of the rats;periodontitis model with stress stimulation group.Psy-chological stress was removed at the 9th weeks after ligature, 6 rats from each experiment group were randomly chosen to HBO treatment.The rats were sacrificed at the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 10th weeks after ligature.Gingival index ( GI) and at-tachment loss (AL) were measured before sacrifice.The histological changes of periodontal tissues were observed under microscope with HE staining.The expression of HIF-1αwas observed by the method of immunohistochemistry.RE-SULTS:The sites of gingival attachment were normal in control group and psychological stress stimulation group.Periodon-tal pocket, and periodontal attachment loss were observed in experimental periodontitis group.The tissue damage was much serious in periodontitis model with stress stimulation group.No significant difference of GI and AL among psychological stress stimulation group and normal control group during the experiment was observed.GI and AL in periodonitis model with stress stimulating group were significantly higher than those in experimental periodontitis group at the 4th and 8th weeks (P<0.01).The levels of GI and AL were significantly lower at the 10th weeks after HBO treatmnt than those in untreated groups (P<0.05).No significant difference of HIF-1αexpression scores among psychological stress stimulation group and normal control group was found.HIF-1αexpression scores in periodonitis model with stress stimulating group was signifi-cantly higher than that in experimental periodontitis group at the 4th and 8th weeks (P<0.01).At the 10th weeks after HBO treatment the levels of HIF-1αwere significantly lower than that in untreated groups (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Stress stimulation may aggravate periodontitis by decreasing tissue oxygenation in rats.HBO may represent a useful way in psychological stress periodontitis therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To preliminarily determine the gene mutation frequency and the hotspots in Henan province, we analysed the deafness-related gene mutation in patients with non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL). METHOD: Genomic DNA samples of 100 patients with NSHL in Henan province were extracted from peripheral blood after clinical history inquiry and clinical examination, Four common deafness genes GJB2, SLC26A4, mitochondrial 12SrRNA, and GJB3 were detected by Sanger sequencing method,and then data analysis were conducted. RESULT: Among 100 patients with NSHL. the gene mutation frequency was 44%. In these patients, 29 cases had GJB2 mutations, 13 cases had SLC26A4 gene mutations, and 3 cases had mitochondrial 12SrRNA mutations. CONCLUSION Among the patients with NSHL in Henan province, the most frequent mutation causing hereditary deafness was mutation in GJB2, followed by SLC26A4,and it will provide a theoretical basis to determine the etiology of deafness in Henan Province.
China ; Connexin 26 ; Connexins ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Deafness ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; Mutation ; RNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; Sulfate Transporters

Objective: To investigate students’ satisfaction on school feeding program in 8 cities in China, and to provide the basis for improving school feeding management and lunch quality. Methods: Multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to randomly select the second, fifth and eighth-grade students from 67 primary and middle schools in 8 cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin, Shijiazhuang, Guangzhou, Changsha, Bengbu and Pinghu. Results: A total of 15 475 students participated in the survey, 15 170(98.0%) of which were valid questionnaires. A total of 13 297(87.7%) students had lunch in school. Twenty-six(38.8%), 14(20.9%) and 27(40.3%) schools served lunch by self-run canteens, custody canteens, and food delivery companies respectively. Twenty-one schools provided milk or yogurt for lunch, accounting for 31.3%. The reported rates of very satisfied, satisfied, moderate, dissatisfied, and extremely dissatisfied among students were 40.8%, 28.1%, 20.1%, 7.3%, and 3.6%, respectively. The satisfaction rate of the eighth-grade students was lower than that of the second-and fifth-grade(56.9% vs 77.1% vs 73.5%). The satisfaction rate among students from schools with self-run canteen was higher than that of custody canteens and food delivery companies(73.8% vs 60.5% vs 66.2%). The satisfaction rate of school lunch is highest in dining surrounding (75.3%), followed by amount of meals(71.6%), food hygiene(71.1%), food combination(65.4%), and the appearance of the food(60.5%), and food taste(55.9%). Conclusion The satisfaction rate of students for school lunch was acceptable. The food taste is the main factor for students’ dissatisfaction. Schools should be encouraged to provide lunch in the self-run canteens with tasty food while meeting the nutritional standard.

Objective: To understand snack food consumption among students of grade four and grade five in six cities of China, and to provide evidence for conducting nutritional education and making intervention strategies. Methods: A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 12 197 primary school students in grade four and grade five from 72 primary schools in Beijing,Guangzhou,Nanjing,Chongqing,Jinan,Harbin. All the participants were administered with a self-administered questionnaire survey on dietary behaviors. Results: The proportion of pupils who consumed snack food at home, school and elsewhere was 96.4%, 59.4% and 75.5% respectively. The most popular snacks at home were fruits & vegetables, milk, cereals (72.0%, 71.1%, 68.6%), the most popular snacks at school were fruits & vegetables, milk, cereals (30.0%, 28.2%, 23.8%), the most popular snacks in other places were sugars, cereals and beverages (36.6%, 36.2%, 35.7%). The top five reasons for snack food was being delicious, healthy/nutritious, clean, choices of peers and family members (68.5%, 49.3%, 42.2%, 24.7%, 17.8%, respectively). Conclusion Snack food consumption is popular among primary students, most of which are unhealthy. Nutrition education for students and parents should be encouraged to promote students to consume snacks reasonably and develop healthy eating behaviors.

Objective: To understand the status on beverages consumption among grade 4 and grade 5 primary school students in six cities of China, and to provide evidence for nutrition education and intervention strategies. Methods: A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 12 197 grade 4 and grade 5 primary school students from 72 primary schools in Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Chongqing, Jinan and Harbin. All the participants were investigated with a self-administered questionnaire survey of dietary behaviors. Results: The proportion of students who consumed beverages at home, school and elsewhere was 92.5%, 51.4% and 70.6% respectively. The most popular beverages at home were milk, fruit & vegetable drinks, tea drinks (69.4%, 46.6%, 39.6%); the most popular beverages at school were milk, fruit & vegetable drinks, tea drinks (30.5%, 13.0%, 12.7%) while the most popular beverages in other places were milk, tea drinks, fruit & vegetable drinks(37.4%, 29.6%, 28.1%). The top five reasons for choosing beverages were taste delicious, healthy & nutritious, clean, choice of peers and family members(72.3%, 50.8%, 38.4%, 21.9%, 21.6%, respectively). Conclusion Consumption of drinking beverages is popular among students, most of which are unhealthy. Therefore, nutrition education for students and parents should be encouraged aiming to help students choose healthy drinks and eating behaviors.

Objective: To understand nutrition knowledge,related attitude and behavior among primary students in six cities of China, and to provide evidence for nutrition education and intervention strategies. Methods: A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 12 197 grade 4 and grade 5 primary school students from 72 primary schools in 6 cities of China, whom were administered with a questionnaire survey on nutrition knowledge, practice and practice. Results: Average nutritional knowledge was relatively low (12.0±6.4), practice score was moderate(11.4±2.4), while nutritional attitude was relatively high(17.0±2.4). The nutritional KAP scores of girls were higher than those of boys; the nutritional knowledge and practice scores of urban students were higher than those of suburban students; the nutritional knowledge score of fifth-grade students was higher than that of fourth-grade students(P<0.05). The overall nutritional knowledge awareness rate was 26.1%, with the highest in knowledge of whole grains(73.9%). About 83.5% of the students held positive nutritional attitude, 97.6% considered nutritional knowledge important. The overall rate of healthy eating behavior of students was 88.1%. Most students had breakfast almost every day(88.5%). About 34.9%, 38.0%,46.1% and 50.5% were reported of rarely consumption in snacks, fast food and drinks. Students in urban area and grade 5 were more likely have breakfast. Girls reported higher rates of having breastfast and low consumption of snack food and beverage while boys reported higher consumption of fast food. Students from suburban areas reported high consumption of western fast food but lower beverage(P<0.05). The score of students’ nutritional knowledge was positively correlated to attitude, so as attitude and practice(P<0.05). Conclusion Insufficient nutritional knowledge and unhealthy dietary behavior is observed in primary school students in China. Nutritional K-A-P varies in students with different gender, area and grade. Specific nutritional education in school-setting should be developed accordingly to culture healthy lifestyle among primary school students.

Objective: To understand food intake frequency among primary students in six cities of China, and to provide evidence for nutrition education and intervention strategies. Methods: A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 12 197 grade 4 and grade 5 primary school students from 72 primary schools in Beijing，Guangzhou,Nanjing,Chongqing,Jinan,Harbin. All the participants were administered with a self-administered questionnaire on dietary behaviors. Results: For the fourth and fifth grade primary school students, the highest proportion of "almost every day" was fresh vegetable(83.2%), and the highest proportion of "nearly eaten" was oat (50.2%). There was a remarkable difference between children of different genders, areas and grades. The intake of whole grains, meat and poultry, fishery products, eggs, soybeans and nutritional supplements of boys was higher than that of girls, while the intake of oats, fresh vegetables, fruits, fungi and algae of girls was higher than that of boys. The intake of oats, vegetables, fruits, fungi and algae, meat and poultry, milk of central urban areas students was higher than that of suburban areas students, while the intake of fishery products, soybeans and nutritional supplements of suburban areas students was higher than that of central urban areas students. The intake of oats, fresh vegetables, fruits, meat and poultry, eggs, milk and soybeans of fifth grade students was higher than that of fourth grade students, while the intake of whole grains, fishery foods and nutritional supplements of grade 4 students was higher than that of grade 5 students. The differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The frequency of food intake varies among students of different genders, urbanities and grades. School teachers, parents and community workers should make efforts targeting at students with different characteristics to enhance nutritional literacy and cultivate healthy eating behaviors.

Objective: To understand the status on fast food consumption among grade 4 and grade 5 primary school students in six cities of China, and to provide evidence for nutrition education and intervention strategies. Methods: A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 12 197 grade 4 and grade 5 primary school students from 72 primary schools in Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Chongqing, Jinan and Harbin. All the participants were investigated with a self-administered questionnaire survey of dietary behaviors. Results: Students consumed western fast food 1.48 times a week and Chinese fast food 2.08 times a week on average, which shows significant differences (χ2=643.86, P<0.05). The main reasons for choosing Chinese fast food were delicious(73.8%), nutritious(69.9%), safe and clean(52.2%), convenient (45.9%) and eating surrounding (41.4%), and for western fast food were delicious(80.1%), eating surrounding(53.0%), convenient(44.2%), safe and clean (41.6%) and nutritious(40.6%). Boys paid more attention to deliciousness and convenience, girls paid more attention to cleanliness and nutrition. About 43.9% of the students were aware of the high calorie in western fast food. Conclusion The consumption of fast food is popular among primary students. Schools and other relevant departments should launch nutrition education, deliver sufficient nutrition knowledge，help students establishing a good diet habit and reduce the consumption of western fast food with high calories.

Objective: To investigate the total amount and types of fluid intake among college students in Hebei Province during spring and to provide scientific basis for fluid-intake education. Methods: A simple random sampling method was used to select 156 college students from a college in Hebei Province. The information on amount and type of fluid intake was recorded using the 7-day 24-hour recording method. A separate analysis was performed on people who consumed beverages during the 7 days. Results: The median intake of plain water, milk, sugar-sweetened beverages and other beverages was 866 mL, 43 mL, 43 mL and 2 mL, respectively. The median of plain water, milk, sugar-sweetened beverages and other beverages by the beverage-consumers was 845 mL, 36 mL, 63 mL and 11 mL, respectively. The intake of plain water and sugar-sweetened beverages in male students was significantly higher(Z=2.31, 3.03; 2.31, 2.11, P<0.05), and milk consumption was lower than female students of these two groups of people(Z=-2.73, -2.23, P<0.05). The intake of other beverages in male students was higher than that of female students, but only significant among beverage-consumers(Z=3.31, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the total amount of different fluid types among different BMI(P>0.05). Conclusion College students in Hebei Province mainly drink plain water. Sex difference is observed in the types of fluid intake.

Objective To screen out significant differential genes for predicting the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and select the most suitable breast cancer patients for NAC. Methods A total of 60 breast cancer patients' samples before and after NAC were collected for high-throughput RNA-Seq. We selected AHNAK, CIDEA, ADIPOQ and AKAP12 as the candidate genes that related to tumor chemotherapeutic resistance. We analyzed the correlation of AHNAK, CIDEA, ADIPOQ, AKAP12 expression levels with the effect of NAC by logistic regression analysis, constructed a prediction model and demonstrated the model by the nomogram. Results AHNAK, CIDEA, ADIPOQ and AKAP12 expression were up-regulated in the residual tumor tissues of non-pCR group after NAC(P < 0.05). Compared with pCR group, non-pCR group presented higher expression levels of AHNAK, CIDEA, ADIPOQ and AKAP12 (P < 0.05). The high expression levels of AHNAK, CIDEA, ADIPOQ and AKAP12 significantly reduced the pCR rate of NAC for breast cancer (P < 0.05). Our prediction model which AHNAK, CIDEA, ADIPOQ and AKAP12 were involved in showed a good fitting effect with H1 test (χ²=6.3967, P=0.4945) and the ROC curve (AUC 0.8249, 95%CI: 0.722-0.9271). Conclusion AHNAK, CIDEA, ADIPOQ and AKAP12 may be novel marker genes for NAC effect on breast cancer. The efficacy prediction model based on this result is expected to be a new method to select the optimal patients of breast cancer for neoadjuvant chemotherapy.