Objective To study the effect of type Ⅱ collagen (C Ⅱ) from Zaoeys dummies (Cantor)on the immune functions of rats with collagen-induced arthritis and to understand the mechanisms of RA treated with Zaoeys dhumnades (Cantor).Methods The rats with collagen-induced arthritis were randomly divided into three group:C Ⅱ from Zaocys dhumnades,bovine C Ⅱ and arthritis control group,a normal control group was set up,too.Every group had 7 rats.The C Ⅱ from Zaocys dhumnades and the bovine C Ⅱ group were fed with C Ⅱ from Zaocys dhumnades (15 mg/kg) and bovine C Ⅱ (15 mg/kg) per day respectivelyfor 15 days.The CD4/CD8 subset ratio,serum levels of anti-C Ⅱ antibody,TNF-a,IL-10,IL-1 and IL-4 in.rats were measured.Results In the arthritis group,CD4/CD8 subset ratio (P＜0.05) and serum levels of type Ⅱ collagen antibody (P＜0.01) and TNF-a (P＜0.01) were significant increased and IL-10 (P＜0.01) was significantly decreased.In the C Ⅱ from Zaocys dhumnades and bovine C Ⅱ group,CD4/CD8 subset ratio (P＜0.05) and the level of TNF-a (P＜0.01) were significantly decreased compared with the arthritis group,and had no difference compared with the normal group.The level of anti-C Ⅱ antibody was declined significantly compared with the arthritis group (P＜0.05) and had statistical difference with the normal group (P＜0.01).The level of IL-10 was significantly increased(P＜0.01),but lower than the normal group(P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in the level of IL-1 and IL--4 in.all four groups.Conclusion C Ⅱ from Zaoeys dhum-nades (Cantor) is as effective as bovine C Ⅱ in modifying the immune functions of collagen-induced arth-ritis in rats.They can decrease the level of anti-C Ⅱ antibody,the level of TNF-a,CD4/CD8 subset ratio and increase the level of IL-10 in the peripheral blood of rats with collagen-induced arthritis.C Ⅱ from Zaocys dhumnades may be one of the important pharmacological active components that have the potential in treating rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To study effective and convenient method for paraffin oil sterilization.METHODS By using carrier qualitative germicidal test,to compare pressure steam sterilization,dry heat sterilization and cobalt-60(gamma)-ray radiation sterilization to test the sterilizing effect and operating procedure.RESULTS Pressure steam sterilization was unable to achieve 100% sterilizing effect,whether we extended the time or use the intermittent(sterilization).After dry heat or radiation sterilization processes,no microorganism was found.CONCLUSIONS Effect of sterilization with dry heat or radiation sterilization is trustable,but its packing,operation and equipment are requested strictly,and pressure steam sterilization may be not good for paraffin oil.

Objective To study the effect of paeonol on the proliferation and apoptosis of A375 human melanoma cells and its mechanism.Methods Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) was used to evaluate the proliferative activity of A375 cells treated with paeonol of 0.5,1,2,4,8 mmol/L for 24,48 and 72 hours respectively.Subsequently,A375 cells were treated with paeonol of 1.25,2.5 and 5 mmol/L for 24 hours followed by double staining with annexin V and propidium iodide for the detection of cell apoptosis,fluorometric assay for the estimation of caspase 3,caspase 8 and caspase 9 activity,and Western blot for the determination of the levels of p53,nuclear factor-κB proteins and some of their target proteins.The A375 cells receiving no treatment served as the blank control group.Statistical analysis was carried out by t test.Results Within the investigated concentration and time ranges,paeonol significantly inhibited the proliferative activity of A375 cells in a concentration-and timedependent manner.Compared with the blank control group,a significant increase was observed in the early apoptosis rate in A375 cells treated with paeonol of 1.25,2.5 and 5 mmol/L for 24 hours (13.74％-± 1.73％,25.95％ ± 0.57％ and 46.44％ ± 0.81％ vs.3.11％ ± 0.53％,P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01),as well as in the activity of caspase 3,8 and 9 in A375 cells treated with paeonol of 2.5 and 5 mmol/L for 24 hours (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).After 24-hour treatment,the protein levels of p53 and Bax were elevated,but those of nuclear factor-κB,Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL were decreased in A375 cells with the increase of paeonol concentration.Conclusions Paeonol can inhibit the proliferation but induce the apoptosis of A375 cells,and the apoptosis-inducing effect may be realized through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways by modulating nuclear factor-κB and p53 genes.

Objective To discuss the best way of microsurgical instruments cleaning to improve the cleaning effect .Methods Based on random principle , the ophthalmic and hand surgery microsurgery instruments were divided into three groups ( control group ,soak group and oscillation of washing group ,each group 450 cases)after being used.The general group was cleaned directly without primary treatment ,soak group used multienzyme abluent and oscillation of washing group used ultrasonic cleaning respectively .Then all the three groups were cleaned by gentle cycle of automated Multi-chamber Washer .The cleaning effects were checked and compared by single eyeballing and magnification inspected .Results It was found that qualification numbers of the three groups by single eyeballing was 341,402 and 439, with qualification rates 75.78%,89.33% and 97.56%respectively .and qualification numbers by magnification inspected was 319, 381 and 428, and that qualification rates were 70.89%,84.67%and 95.11%, respectively.The qualified rates of oscillation of washing group were higher than that of other two groups , the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =99.894 6, 96.682 3, respectively;P<0.01).Conclusions The ideal method of microsurgical instruments cleaning is use the automated Multi-chamber Washer after soaking in multienzyme abluent and using Ultrasonic cleaning .

Objective To investigate the clinical features and viral load of persons infected with HCV and the risk factors for severe outcomes.Methods Medical testing and questionnaire survey were conducted on 465 cases who were infected with HCV,20-30 years back.HCV RNA,alanine transaminase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),albumin,globulin and bilirubin were tested for these subjects.Factors as demography,tobacco and alcohol consumption,SNP of rs7453920 and rs2856718 on HLA-DQ gene of subjects with HCV RNA,were analyzed by multiple logistic regression method to explore the risk factors for severe outcomes among the patients.Result Totally,465 subjects had symptoms as hypodynamic (15.70％,73/465),digestive system (17.63％,82/465),and arthrodynia (10.32％,48/465).HCV RNA was positive in 68.60％ (319/465) of the subjects with median viral load as 76.01 × 104 copies/ml (min-max:592 copies/m1-1.08 × 1010 copies/ml).Totally,11.83％ (55/465) of the cases appeared having liver inflammation by routine ultrasound exams.ALT and AST was seen higher than 80 (IU/L) in 12.70％ (59/465) and 11.18％ (52/465) of the subjects,separately.Factors as being male (OR=2.298,95％CI:1.247-4.238),GA genotype compared with AA type in rs2856718 (OR=1.716,95％CI:1.070-2.752),alcohol intake ≥7 times per-week (OR=2.966,95％ CI:0.979-8.988) etc.,were independently related to HCV RNA sustained positivity.Factors as:being male (OR=1.694,95％CI:0.975-2.942),in 50-59 years age group (OR=2.414,95％ CI:1.156-5.042),having other liver diseases (OR=2.592,95％CI:1.105-6.079) and carrying positive HCV RNA (OR=3.479,95％CI:1.648-7.343) etc.were independent risk factors for abnormal liver function.Conclusion High rates of carrying sustained positive HCV RNA and abnormal liver function appeared in subjects who got the HCV infection 20-30 years ago.Factors as being male,in old age,being frequent alcohol taker,GA genotype in rs2856718 and with other liver diseases etc.were related to higher risk for developing severe outcomes.

Objective:To explore the effects of internet-based group cognitive-behavioral therapy(IGCBT)on the depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder(MDD).Methods:Eighty pa-tients with MDD were recruited and randomly divided into IGCBT combined drug therapy group and control group with drug therapy.Blind assessments were performed using the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)and Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)three times at baseline,4 weeks after treatment and 8 weeks after treatment,respectively.Results:The effective rates of HAMD and HAMA at the end of the 4th and 8th week,and the effective rates of HAMA at the end of the 8th week were higher in the combined treatment group than those in the control group(Ps＜0.05).The total scores of HAMD and HAMA in the combined treatment group and the control group were lower at the end of the 4th and 8th week than those at baseline(Ps＜0.001).The total scores of HAMD and HAMA were lower in the combined treatment group than those in the control group at the baseline,4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment(Ps＜0.01).Conclusion:It suggests that intemet-based group cognitive-behavioral therapy combined with antidepressant medication has a better effect on relieving depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with ma-jor depressive disorder than drug therapy alone,and especially has a better effect on improving anxiety symptom.

This paper presents a systematic review of extant research investigating the effectiveness of Internet-based group cognitive behavioral therapy （IGCBT） for depression and anxiety symptoms with an emphasis on the treatment modalities， treatment protocols， efficacy and mechanism， together with a summary of research limitations and suggestions for future research. Cognitive behavioral therapy （CBT） is a structured， short-term and present-oriented psychotherapeutic treatment， its Internet- and group-delivered modalities have led to its wider application， and has proven to be clinically effective in alleviating depression and anxiety symptoms caused by different diseases， whereas some drawbacks have been reported. Thus this paper elaborates the clinical application， therapeutic effect and underlying mechanisms of IGCBT intervention for depression and anxiety symptoms， so as to provide references for its future application. ［Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region （number， 2019MS03038）