Objective To assess the outcomes of modified spiral ileal orthotopic neobladder.Methods From January 1998 to January 2008, 32 patients (all male) underwent radical cystectomy and spiral ileal orthotopic substitution for muscle invasive bladder cancer. A segment of 40 to 45 cm ileal loop was isolated, detubularized, and reconfigured in spiral shape to form a pouch. Bilateral ureters were reimplanted by inserting the 1 cm distal segment into the pouch to form a Split-Cuff nipple.The bottom of the pouch was opened and anastomosed with the urethra (4 stitches). Results There were no perioperative deaths. The mean operative time was 281.2±48.7 min. Blood loss was 545.4±181.9 ml. Twenty cases required a blood transfusion, the mean volume of intraoprative blood transfusion was 430.8±235.9 ml. The average hospital stays were 26.8±9. 7 days. Rate of daytime continence was 93. 7% (30/32) while nighttime continence was 81.3% (26/32). Urodynamic studies were carried out in 23 cases 6 months after surgery. Neobladder capacity at first desire to urinate was 315.0± 33.4 ml(270-420 ml). The maximum neobladder capacity was 490. 3±39.7 ml(350-600 ml).The maximum flow rate (Qmax) was 16.5 ± 5.9 ml/s. Full resting pressure was 22. 5 ± 11.8 cm H2O. Peak voiding pressure was 78.3 ± 14.7 cm H2O. After mean 58. 4 months' follow up (range 22 to 132), 4 cases died of metastasis of bladder cancer. Conclusion Modified spiral ileal orthotopic neobladder is a reasonable option for treating invasive bladder cancer.

ObjectiveTo investigate the serum prostate-specific antigen (tPSA),serum free PSA to total PSA ratio (f/tPSA),prostate volume (PV) and prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) in early prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on serum PSA values and related test results from 252 cases of BPH patients and 49 patients with PCa.Prostate volume (PV) was measured by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS),and the f/tPSAand PSAD values were calculated.The differences of serum tPSA,f/tPSA,PV,and PSAD between BPH and PCa group were compared,the area under the ROC curve was used to evaluate these four indicators for its diagnostic sensitivity and diagnostic specificity.ResultsThe values of tPSA,PSAD in PCa group were significantly higher than BPH group ( P ＜0.05),while the values of f/tPSA,PV in PCa group were significantly lower than BPH group ( P ＜0.01orP ＜0.05).The ROC area showed that serum tPSA(0.8013),f/tPSA(0.7390),PV(0.5613) had lower diagnosis value than PSAD(0.9214) in early prostate cancer ( PSAD ＞ tPSA ＞ f/tPSA ＞ PV).When the upper limit of normal PSA was set to take 4ng/ml,the sensitivity was 91.49％,diagnostic specificity was 51.05％.When the f/tPSA threshold set to 0.16,the diagnostic sensitivity was 57.78％,diagnostic specificity was 78.72％.When PSAD threshold was set to 0.15,diagnostic sensitivity was 88.24％,diagnostic specificity was 81.52％.ConclusionsPSA,f/tPSA and PSAD are indicators for biopsy or followup in early diagnosis of prostate cancer.In particular,the diagnostic value of PSAD has higher sensitivity and specificity than PSA and f/tPSA in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on laparoscopy and the open radical prostatectomy.Methods A retrospective analysis of 226 cases of radical prostatectomy from 2012 January to 2013 May was performed.106 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery,with aged 66.5±0.7,height (167.7±0.5) cm,weight (66.8±0.9) kg; 120 patients underwent open surgery,with aged (65.8±0.7) year,height (168.1±0.5) cm,weight (66.5±0.8) kg.Non-obese (BMI ＜25 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were divided in each group.The preoperative serum PSA level,the operation time,the blood loss during operation,the preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin,Gleason score,and the postoperative indwelling catheter time were compared between non-obese group and obese group.In the laparoscopic surgery group including 76 non-obese cases (71.7％) and 30 obese cases (28.3％),no difference showed in PSA values and age before operation between the two sub-groups.In the open surgery group,including 84 non-obese cases (70.0％) and 36 obese cases (30.0％),no statistical difference of preoperative PSA values and age showed in the two sub-groups.Results In the laparoscopic group,the operation time is (nonobese 169.4±37.8 min and obese 188.5±42.3 min),and the blood Hb decrease(non-obese-22.8± 11.0g/L,obese-30.9±15.9 g/L) and the blood loss(non-obese 115.9±68.9 ml,obese 178.3±126.4 ml)showed significant difference in the two sub-groups (P＜0.05).The two sub-groups showed no statisticaldifference in postoperative indwelling catheter time and Gleason score (P＞0.05).In the open surgery group,the intraoperative hemorrhage (non-obese 413.7±289.4 ml,obese 594.4-±534.9 ml) and the hemoglobin decrease (non-obese-27.2± 13.3 g/L,obese-34.9± 15.8 g/L) showed significant difference (P＜0.05).The two sub-groups showed no significant difference in the preoperative hemoglobin,postoperative indwelling catheter time,Gleason score and operation time (P＞0.05).Conclusions For the patients who underwent prostatectomy,no matter by laparoscopic or open surgery,the blood loss was greater in obese subgroup than non-obese subgroup,and the operation time was much longer in obese group than non-obese group.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RLPN) with individual operation plan in treatment of small renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods 98 patients with small RCC who was treated by RLPN from June 2012 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 57 males and 41 females with a mean age of 52 years old (ranging 28 ~ 75 years old). 52 cases were located on the right side while 46 cases were left. The mean tumor size was 3.1 cm in diameter (ranging 0.8 ~ 4.5 cm). 87 patients (A group) were underwent standard RLPN with clamping main renal artery. 7 patients (B group) with exophytic RCC were performed without clamping renal artery, but with separating main renal artery and prepared for possible clamping. 4 patients (C group) with endophytic RCC were performed with clamping renal artery under ultrosound monitoring. The feasibility and outcomes were evaluated by surgical and oncological outcomes. Results 84 cases among A group were underwent standard RLPN successfully, with 2 cases converted to open surgery and 1 case failed to excising tumor completely and converted to laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. The amount of bleeding during operation was 30 ~ 350 ml, average 93 ml, operation time was 70 ~ 245 min, average 127 min, warm ischemia time 20 ~ 42 min, average 26 min. 6 cases among B group were performed successfully without clamping renal artery with 1 case converted to clamp renal artery for 15 min during the operation because of obvious bleeding. The amount of bleeding was 160 ~ 380 ml, average 220 ml, operation time was 85 ~ 215 min, average143 min. 4 cases of C group were all performed successfully, The amount of bleeding was 35 ~ 250 ml, average 85 ml, operation time was 110 ~ 235 min, average 175 min, warm ischemia time 25 ~ 40 min, average 28 min. With a mean follow up of 28 months (ranging 18 ~ 42 months), there was only 1 case of A group occured local recurrence and lung metastases and accepted molecular targeted therapy with Sorafenib. Conclusion RLPN with individual operation plan in treatment of small RCC is safe and effective, the long-term effect of the procedure needs further investigation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of single flexible ureteroscope vs.flexible ureteroscope combined with intraoperative ultrasonography guided in the endogenous renal cyst incision and drainage.Methods Retrospective analysis of case data of 64 patients with endogenous renal cysts admitted from January 2015 to December 2017.All the patients undrwent contrast-enhanced CT,urinary tract imaging,ultrasound B to confirm bosniak classification Ⅰ and Ⅱ renal cyst.The patients (38 males,26 females) were divided into single flexible ureteroscope group [group A,32 cases of patients,average age (54.2 ±6.6) years,unilateral or bilateral cystic patients:19 cases/ 13cases,simple cyst of kidney or polycystic kidney:24 cases/8 cases,average maximum diameter of the renal cyst (5.4 ± 1.3) cm,combined with renal calculus:8 cases,combined with hydronephrosis:7 cases,1 case who had the history of laparoscopic renal cyst decapitation,1 case who had the history of percutaneous renal cyst puncture] and flexible ureteroscope group combined with intraoperative ultrasonography guided [group B,32 cases of patients,average age (52.3 ± 9.3) years,unilateral or bilateral cystic patients:21 cases/11 cases,simple cyst of kidney or polycystic kidney:25 cases/7 cases.Average maximum diameter of the renal cyst (5.3 ±1.2) cm,combined with renal calculus:9 cases,combined with hydronephrosis:8 cases,2 case who had the history of laparoscopic renal cyst decapitation,1 case who had the history of percutaneous renal cyst puncture].The double J stent was placed two weeks before the surgery into the body of patients.During the operation,the surgical procedure were used by the electronic flexible ureteroscope and holmium laser (0.8 J,20 Hz),combined with ultrasound B in the monitoring,to find the suitable incision position.It would be defined as the successful result if we could put the head of flexible ureteroscope into the inside of renal cyst and see the image of mist in the screen of ultrasound B.According to the standard,the result of operation wound be defined compared to before operation (success:shrink more than 80％ or maximum diameter was smaller than 1 cm;improvement:shrink about 50％-79％;ordinary result:shrink about 30％-49％;failure:shrink smaller than 30％).Effective rate =(success cases + improvement cases)/total cases.We compared the differences of two groups in the time,efficacy,safety and complication of surgery.Results Compared the results of single flexible ureteroscope groups vs flexible ureteroscope group combined with intraoperative ultrasonography guided in the success cases of surgery,after 8-30 months following-up,total operative complication rate was [8 cases(25％)vs.1 case(3.1％)],success rate of operation in 6 month later [(20 cases (62.5％) vs.28 cases (87.5％)].Flexible ureteroscope group combined with intraoperative ultrasonography guided had advantages statistically (P ＜ 0.05).However,there was no statistical difference for the two groups in the time of operation [(33.4 ± 6.7) min vs.(35.1 ± 8.6) min],single operative complication (intraoperative wounding bleeding:3 cases vs.1 case,postoperative urinary infection:3 cases vs.0 case,perinephric space effusion:2 cases vs.0 case,renal function impairment:1 case vs.0 case)(P ＞0.05).Conclusions Flexible ureteroscope combined with intraoperative ultrasonography guided can help the urologist can improve the success rate of surgery and reduce the chance of surgical injury intraoperatively.

Objective:To explore the application value and initial clinical experience of fluorescence-enhanced laparoscopy combined with indocyanine green in radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of a total of 8 patients admitted from May 2018 to August 2019 who underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer using the fluorescent laparoscopy system.There were 6 males and 2 females; aged 58 to 71 years, with an average of 65.8 years. The preoperative pathology was urothelial carcinoma, with 2 cases in T 2a stage, 4 cases in T 2b stage, and 2 cases in T 3a stage. The patient was injected a total of 2 ml of 2.5 mg/ml of indocyanine green through a rigid cystoscope using a 18 gauge cystoscope injection needle before surgery. The PINPOINT endoscopic fluorescence camera system performed surgery in real-time. A systematic examination of the surgical area under near-infrared fluorescence was performed every 5 minutes. Observation and recording of indocyanine green combined with fluorescence laparoscopy to mark the bladder tumor area and identify the sentinel drainage. Results:Eight cases were successfully completed under the fluorescence laparoscopic system.In terms of tumor markers, cystoscopy with indocyanine green allowed 7 of the 8 patients to successfully identify the tumor area under fluorescent laparoscopy. Six of the 8 patients with sentinel lymph nodes identified by indocyanine green lymphangiography were also successful, of which 3 were positive for lymph nodes. At the same time, intravenous indocyanine green was used to observe that the blood supply to the bladder and the end of the ureter was good. The operation time was 190-310 minutes, with an average of 235 minutes; the bleeding volume was 150-380 ml, with an average of 180 ml; the postoperative hospital stay was 10-22 days, with an average of 14.5 days. Postoperative pathological staging 2 cases in T 2a stage, 3 cases in T 2b stage, 3 cases in T 3a stage, with total number of lymph nodes 8-14, average 10. The 8 cases were followed-up for 4-12 months, average 5.5 months, without indocyanine green related complications. Conclusions:Indocyanine green fluorescent laparoscopy can accurately locate and identify the bladder tumor area and pelvic lymph nodes during radical cystectomy, which can reduce positive margins and unnecessary enlarged lymph node dissection.