The infection of chronic refractory wound is related with bacterial biofilm .How to prevent and treat bacterial bio-film and its related damage has been a hot topic in current studies .This article provides a review on chronic wound biofilm on clinical diagnosis techniques , diagnostic criteria , bacteria identification outcomes and influencing factors .

Objective:To study the chemical constituents in the seed of Cassia leschenaultiana.Methods: The compounds were separated and purified by column chromatography , thin-layer chromatography and recrystallization .The structures were identified by the physicoche mical identification and spectral analysis .Results:Seven compounds were isolated from the seeds of Cassia leschenaultiana and identified as 1-desmethylchryso-obtusin (Ⅰ) , aurantio-obtusin (Ⅱ) , ale-emodin (Ⅲ) , obtusin (Ⅳ) , chryso-obtusin (Ⅴ) , ob-tusifoline(Ⅵ)and aurantio-obtusin(Ⅶ).Conclusion:All of the compounds are isolated from the seeds of Cassia leschenaultiana for the first time.

Objective:To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Cassia leschenaultiana from different regions. Methods: The column was SinoChrom ODS-BP (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid with gradient elution. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 , the detection wavelength was 285 nm, the column temperature was 25℃, and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results: The fingerprint consisted of 13 common peaks. The range of similarity for ten batches of Cassia le-schenaultiana was 0. 839-0. 998. And the reference fingerprint of Cassia leschenaultiana was established by HPLC. Conclusion: The fingerprint method is simple and reproducible, which can provide basis for the quality control and the medicinal resources exploration.

Objective To evaluate the formation of coronary collateral circulation with intracoronary Doppler ultrasound in pigs after acute occlusion and the influence of nitroglycerin and phentolamine on it.Methods The blood flow spectrun was detected in 14 pigs using intracoronary Doppler ultrasound before and after acute occlusion of the left circumflex artery (LCX) and its response to nitroglycerin and phentolamine.The average peak velocity (APV) and the diastolic systolic velocity ratio (DSVR) were recorded. Results The APV of the LCX decreased significantly at 10 min after acute occlusion (0.97?1.05 vs 25.78?4.36 cm/s,P0.05). Conclusion Intracoronary Doppler ultrasound can be used to evaluate coronary collateral circulation. The formation collateral circulation was insufficient after acute occlusion of coronary artery in pigs and nitroglycerin or phentolamine can improve the blood flow.

Objective To determine the clinical value of myocardial performance index (MPI) in the assessment of right ventricular function in the patients with atrial septal defect (ASD). Methods The study included 23 patients with ASD and 81 normal subjects. MPI, defined as the sum of isovolumic relaxation time and isovolumic contraction time derived by ejection time, was measured from tricupid inflow and right ventricular outflow Doppler velocity profiles recorded during routine echocardiography. Results ①The isovolumic relaxation and isovolumic contraction times [respectively ( 74.78 ? 13.86 )ms vs ( 60.93 ? 12.94 )ms, P

Objective To study the influence of postoperative chemotherapeutic regimens on menstruation in pre-menopausal patients with breast cancer. Methods 120 pre-menopausal patients with breast cancer from Jan 2010 to Dec 2012 were followed-up. The occurrence rate and recovery rate of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA) were analyzed. The relationship between different chemotherapeutic regimens and CIA of various age groups was analyzed. Results 120 women were followed-up, 94 (78.3 %) patients developed CIA. The frequency of CIA in younger patients (≤ 35 years) was significantly lower than that in patients older than 35 years (P < 0.05). 50 (53.2 %) patients returned to normal menses. The recovery situation of CIA was significantly different among various age groups (P < 0.05). The difference of the occurrence rate of CIA was not statistically significant between the patients who received anthracycline-based chemotherapy and docetaxel-based chemotherapy (P > 0.05). Conclusions Age is an important influence factor of the CIA. Chemotherapy has less influence on the menstruation of younger patients (≤35 years) and most amenorrhea is reversible. The effects of sequential addition of taxanes in chemotherapy and anthracyclines alone on menstruation have no significant difference.

Objective To investigate the cause of non-union and delayed union of femoral and tibia] fractures and assess the clinical outcome after treatment with intramedullary compression interlocking nail (ICIN). Methods From February 1998 to December 2006, 21 patients with non-union and delayed union of femoral and tibial fractures (13 patients with femoral fractures and 8 with tibial fractures) were treated by ICIN. Bone grafting was performed in 18 patients, and the other three patients only rocoived reamed compression nailing. Five patients received bone grafting combined with knee adhesion release operation. Results All patients were followed up for 11.4-36 months (mean 13.6 months). Solid bone union was observed in all patients, with mean bone union time of 8.7 months and without malunion, infection or refracture. According to the Klemm grading, the clinical outcome was graded excellent in 19 patients and good in 2. Conclusions The main causes for non-union and delayed union of femoral and tibial fractures are improper indication selection and incorrect use of implants, which may result in bieenvironment disruption. ICIN shortens the time of functional recovery of knee and ankle joint. ICIN has advantages of stable fixation, early exercise of the knee and ankle as well as early weight loading and hence is one of effective alternatives in treatment of non-union and delayed union of femoral and tibial fractures. ICIN can accelerate the healing of bone and improves the function of knee joint when combined with bone grafting, reamed compression nailing and knee adhesion release.

Objective: To detect the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF), type Ⅲ collagen(Ⅲ-col)and fibronectin(FN) in human dental pulp at different root development stages of permanent teeth. Methods: 10 teeth at stage Ri～R 1/4 ,15 at R 1/3 ～R 3/ 4 and 12 at Rc～Ac were sectioned for following examination.bFGF, Ⅲ-col and F N were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by the use of immunohistologica l SP method and image analysis technique. Results: The ex pression of bFGF became gradually weaker and weaker with the development of too th root (P

OBJECTIVE:To study the influence of different herb composition on content of aconitine in Rhubarb and Aconite Decoction.METHODS:On the basis of Rhubarb and Aconite Decoction,different prescriptions were made up and different de?cocting technics were adopted,then the content of aconitine was determined with UV-spectrophotometry.RESULTS:The content of aconitine in mixture of decoctions of single herb decreased about20%and the content of aconitine in the decoction of combined herbs decreased about45%compared with that in decoction of single Aconite.Combination of Asarum with Aconite showed no influence on the content of aconitine.CONCLUSION:Rhubarb can control the toxicity of Aconite in Rhubarb and Aconite Decoction.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of color Doppler ultrasound in the early diagnosis of acute cholecystitis infection ,in order to improve the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis infection .Methods 36 cases with acute cholecystitis infection were selected as the observation group , and during the same period the healthy people were randomly selected as the control group .The color Doppler performance of ultrasound was observed .The hepatic artery blood flow velocity and the maximum peak of the cystic artery (Vmax) and resistance index(RI) were meas-ured.ROC curve was observed to evaluate the specificity of color Doppler ultrasound for the disease .Results The incidence rates of weak bile sound transmission ,gallbladder wall thickness ,gallbladder enlargement ,ultrasound Mur-phy positive in the control group were 25.0%,16.7%,22.2%,8.3%,which in the observation group were 72.2%, 47.2%,100.0%,94.4%,the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =4.571,4.571,4.589,5.689,all P<0.05).The differences in hepatic artery and the cystic artery Vmax and RI were statistically significant between the two groups(P<0.05).ROC curve comparison showed that the correct rate of gallbladder enlargement in the observa -tion group was the highest (90.7%),the specificity was 90.7%,sensitivity was 90.6%,and other indicators of ultra-sound had no significant difference (χ2 =0.893,P>0.05).Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasound can show the form of acute infectious cholecystitis ,gallbladder wall degree of bile through sound etc .,it can improve the diagnostic value of the disease.