Observations were made on the cheek pounches painted with DMBA of 30 golden hamsters for twelve weeks.Histopathological and ultrastructural results of carcinogenesis were observed.With the occurrences of hyperplasia dysplasia and carcinom, a progressively increased euchromatin,nuclearcytoplasmic ratio and increased number of polyribosomes could be observed. However,the number of tonofibrils,desmosomes,heterochromatins and chondriosomes was decreased.Enlarged and multiple nucleoli and mitosis could be seen. Basement membrane was absent in some areas.In a word,the epithelium underwent a progressively active proliferation and poor differentiation during the carcinogenesis

Objective To evaluate the efficacy,drug resistance and safety of combination therapy with lamivudine (LAM) and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) or entecavir (ETV) monotherapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with high viral loads (HBV DNA ≥ 107copies/mL).Methods Seventy CHB patients with high viral loads were collected from Jiangyin People' s Hospital in Jiangsu Province during May 2007 and January 2009.All patients were randomized into combination therapy group and monotherapy group.Combination therapy group was treated with lamivudine ( 100 mg/d) and adefovir dipivoxil ( 10 mg/d) for 96 weeks,and monotherapy group was treated with entecavir (0.5 mg/d) for 96 weeks.x2 test was used to compare the ALT normalization rates,HBV DNA negative rates and HBeAg sernconversion rates between two groups.Results After 96 weeks' treatment,the ALT normalization rate,HBV DNA negative rate and HBeAg seroconversion rate of combination therapy group were 97.1％ (34/35),94.3％ ( 33/35 )and 48.6％ ( 17/35 ),respectively ; those of monotherapy group were 77.1％ ( 27/35 ),77.1％ ( 27/35 )and 17.1 ％ (27/35),respectively ; the differences were of statistical significance (x2 =6.248,4.200 and 7.835,P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01 ).There was no virological breakthrough in combination therapy group during 96 weeks' treatment,but it was found that 2 patients had virological breakthrough in monotherapy group and they were ETV-resistant.No severe adverse reaction was found in both groups.Conclusion LAM + ADV combination therapy is better in viral suppression,and has lower resistance and higher HBeAg seroconversion rate than ETV monotherapy for CHB patients with high viral load.

Objective To evaluate the bladder functions by urodynamic studies in diabetic patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Methods Urodynamic studies were performed in 42 diabetic patients (24 men and 18 women;age range,38-78 years).The diabetic history of the patients was from 1 month to 25 years. Results Of the 41 cases who underwent all items of urodynamic examination,38 cases (93%) had abnormal findings and 3 (7%),normal.The detrusor was underactive in 14 cases (34%) and areflexia in 10 (24%);BOO was found in 13 (32%).One female patient had stress urinary incontinence. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of bladder dysfunction in diabetic patients with LUTS.It is necessary to perform urodynamic studies in diabetic patients before initiation of therapy,especially in patients who are assigned to undergo bladder and urethral surgery.Preoperative urodynamic studies can contribute to the surgical success rate.

Gemcitabine has become a first-line chemotherapeutic durg.Unfortunately,many patients fail to derive benefits from gemcitabine in clinics.The variability of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1)expression in tumor cells,which plays a dominant role in the transport of gemcitabine across the cell membrane,may be one of the reason for gemcitabine chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.

Objective: To explore the changes of activity of antioxidases in hippocampus of the rats with multi-infarct dementia and the intervention effects of acupuncture.Method: The multi-infarct dementia model was made by injected emboli into the internal carotid artery.The demented rats were allocated to 3 groups randomly: model,acup and sham-acup;meanwhile normal and sham-operated rats were used as control.The parameters of oxidative stress were assessed by measuring the malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) levels in hippocampus after acupuncture treatment.Result: Compared to normal group,MDA levels of hippocampus in model animals increased significantly,while SOD and GSH-Px decreased much more;No significant difference was observed in CAT among groups.Interestingly,the acupuncture treatment could significantly improve all those indexes.Conclusion: SOD/GSH-Px pathway may be playing a major role in combating oxidative stress in the brain of MID rats,the CAT activity not the key enzyme.Acupuncture treatment could increase the activity of antioxidase SOD/GSH-Px,alleviate the injury of free radical and maintain the oxidant-antioxidant balance to a great extent.This may be one of the mechanisms of its therapeutic effect.

Objective To evaluate pressure-flow study in assessment of dysuresia symptom in elderly male patients. Methods A total of 125 elderly male patients with dysuresia and prostatic enlargement underwent urodynamic examination.Their age ranged from 56 to 83 years with a mean of 68 years.If the patients urinated smoothly with satisfying urinary flow curve,the pressure-flow study would be performed on them.According to the results,the patients were classified as 3 groups:BOO,equivocal BOO and non-BOO groups.Their detrusor contractive function was classified as strong,normal,weak or very weak. Results Of the 125 patients undergoing urodynamic test,87 obtained definite pressure-flow study findings.Of the 87 patients,39 were with BOO,18 with equivocal BOO and 30 without BOO.In the BOO,equivocal BOO and non-BOO groups,detrusor pressure at maximum flow was (99.2?34.3) cmH 2O (1cmH 2O=0.098 kPa),(46.9?9.9)cmH 2O and (30.8?10.0)cmH 2O,respectively;intravesical opening pressure was (99.4?39.6) cmH 2O, (43.7?9.9) cmH 2O and (29.9?9.7) cmH 2O, respectively; minimum voiding detrusor pressure was (61.3?27.5) cmH 2O, (33.9?14.1)cmH 2O and (22.1?12.5)cmH 2O,respectively;and maximum detrusor pressure was (113.0?42.1)cmH 2O,(55.8?14.9)cmH 2O and (38.4?11.3)cmH 2O,respectively.The detrusor function was normal or strong in 74.4% (29/39) of patients with BOO,27.8%(5/18) of patients with equivocal BOO and 26.7% (8/30) of patients without BOO.All these parameters of the BOO group were higher than those of the equivocal BOO group and non-BOO group (both P

Objective To study the purification, concentration and drying technology of Fushubao gel. Methods The purification technology of Fushubao gel was optimizing by the total retention rate of Rhein, emodin, physcion and purity of content. The concentration, drying technology of Fushubao gel was optimized by the transfering rate of Rhein, emodin, physcion and Berberine hydrochloride. Results Best refining technology included in the condition of the water extract of 0.2 g/ml at 70 ℃, the ZTC1+1-II clarifying agent B 0.6 ml/g was mixed10 min in a 70 ℃ water bath thermal insulation 30 min; And then agent A 0.3 ml/g was added and mixed 10 min in a 70 water bath thermal insulation 30 min; after 12 h, filter it. Best thickening, drying technology was in the vacuum for -0.08~-0.09 MPa, a temperature of 60 ℃, the pressure was reduced to concentrate its relative density about 1.05 and concentrated liquid spray was dryed. Conclusions The purification, concentration and drying technology of Fushubao gel is reasonable, and can be used in the production.

Total esculentosides and polysaccharides are determined and compared in roots of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb., P. americana L., P. polyandra Bat., P. zhejiongensis W.T. Ean Produced in China. Results showed that P. polyandra Bat. has the highest content of esculentosides (6.24% ), while P. acinose is most rich in polysaccharides (10.57% )

Aim To detect the effects of cetuximab combined with adriamycin on the proliferation and ap-optosis of triple-negative breast cancer cells.Methods Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay.The cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry with propidi-um iodide staining.JC-1 staining was used to deter-mine mitochondrial membrane potential.The expres-sions of glucose regulated protein78 (GRP-78),Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 were measured with Western blot.Re-sults MTT assay showed that cetuximab had inhibi-tion effect on the breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 growth,and the effect was related to concentration of drug.The inhibition effect of adriamycin on MDA-MB-231 had remarkabe relationship with time and concen-tration.When combined with each other,they could re-markably increase inhibition effect.The viability of cells in combination group for 1 2 h,24 h,48 h,sig-nificantly lower than that in cetuximab or adriamycin group (P <0.05 or P <0.01 ).Apoptosis results showed that cell apoptosis was significantly increased when cetuximab combined with adriamycin,reached (43.93 ±3.59)% for 24 h,had remarkably statistical significance compared to cetuximab or adriamycin
group (P <0.01 ).JC-1 staining indicated that cetux-imab or adriamycin could reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential,but the reduction effect was more remarkable in the combination group.Western blot re-vealed that cetuximab could reduce the expression of GRP-78 and Bcl-2,and increased the expression of Caspase-3 and its activity.The expressions of Bcl-2, Caspase-3 had no significant change in adriamycin group,but GRP-78 was increased.In combination group,the expression of GRP-78 and Bcl-2 was signifi-cantly decreased,but Caspase-3 was increased nota-blely compared to adriamycin group.Conclusions The combination of cetuximab and adriamycin enhances the inhibition effect on the triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells,and increases cell apoptosis.The mechanism may be that cetuximab reduces the endo-plasmic reticulum stress level,then activates the mito-chondrial pathways by decreasing the expression of Bcl-2,reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential,and promoting cell apoptosis.

Objective:To prove the production process( pulverzation processing) by stainless steel pharmaceutical machines of tra-ditional Chinese medicines, including various batches of raw materials, decoction pieces, patent drugs and medicinal subsidiary materi-als, lead to heavy metal chromium exceed the standard. Methods:According to ChP 2010 version Vol 1 appendixⅨB“lead, cad-mium, arsenic, mercury, copper determination method”, referring to ChP 2010 version Vol 2 gelatin capsules “chrome check stand-ard”. Results:Most of the test data showed that the chromium content of the sample exceeded the standard in varying degrees. Con-clusion:Pharmaceutical machinery and equipment using stainless steel lead to chromium exceed the standard in Chinese medicine pro-duction process, bring hidden trouble to the quality of the products.