Total esculentosides and polysaccharides are determined and compared in roots of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb., P. americana L., P. polyandra Bat., P. zhejiongensis W.T. Ean Produced in China. Results showed that P. polyandra Bat. has the highest content of esculentosides (6.24% ), while P. acinose is most rich in polysaccharides (10.57% )

BACKGROUND: The increasingly deepened studies have proved that moderate exercise training can effectively cope with the psychological and physiological stress, and improve the immunological functions of the body.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of exercise on the patients in pschoneuroimmunology.DESIGN: A randomized controlled observation.SETTING: Huaiyin Teachers College and the School of Physical Education of Yangzhou University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry of the School of Physical Education of Yangzhou University between September and November 2002. Fifty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into quiet control group (n=8), psychological stress group (n=8), stress plus 30-minute exercise group (n=7), stress plus 60-minute exercise group (n=8), 30-minute exercise group (n=7), 60-minute exercise group (n=8), shock group (n=8).METHODS: Quiet control group: There was neither exercise nor stress.Shock group: No exercise was involved, and shock was used as the source of stimulation in the stress group. Psychological stress group: The rats under stress did not receive shock, but just watched the process of shock in the shock group as bystanders in order to produce psychological stress through visual sense and hearing sense. Each stress lasted for 30 minutes,once every other day for 2 continuous weeks. 30-minute exercise group: In the first week, the rats adapted to training for 10 minutes every day, and then they swam without load for 30 minutes once a day for 8 weeks. 60minute exercise group: In the first week, the rats adapted to training for 30minutes every day, and then they swam without load for 60 minutes once a day for 8 weeks. Stress plus 30-minute exercise group: The rats received the same exercise as that of the 30-minute exercise group and the same stress as that applied to the psychological stress group. Stress plus 60-minute exercise group: The rats received the same exercise as that of the 60-minute exercise group and the same stress as that of the psychological stress group. The contents of corticosterone and interleukin-2 in serum were detected with radioimmunoassay, and the number of T lymphocyte subgroups was determined with the method of enzyme labeling.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Effects of exercise of moderate and small intensity on serum corticosterone and interleukin-2 of stress rats. ②Effects of exercise of moderate and small intensity on T lymphocyte subgroups of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ in stressed rats.RESULTS: ①Effects of exercise of moderate and small intensity on serum corticosterone and interleukin-2 of stress rats: The serum levels of interleukin2 in stress rats were significantly lower than that of the rats in the control group, and the serum contents of corticosterone were significantly higher than that in the control group. The serum levels of interleukin-2 in the exercise group were significantly higher than that in the control group, and the serum contents of corticosterone were significantly higher than that in the control group. Compared with stress group, the level of interleukin-2 was significantly higher and the contents of corticosterone were markedly lower in the stress plus 30-minute exercise group and stress+60-minute exercise group. ② Effects of exercise of moderate and small intensity on T lymphocyte subgroups of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ in stress rats: Compared with the control group, the numbers of T lymphocyte subgroups were all significantly in the 30 and 60minute exercise groups. Compared with the stress group, the levels of CD3+and CD4+ in the stress plus 60-minute exercise group were significantly higher than thosein the stress group. The CD4+/CD8+ level had no significant difference between the stress plus 30-minute exercise group and stress group, but not lower than those in the stress group.CONCLUSION: Repeated psychological stress caused greater psychological response from rats, and inhibited the immnological function, and exercise of moderate and small intensity had better protective effect on the immunological function of rats under psychological stress, and the exercise of moderate intensity much more greatly improved the anti-stress ability of rats. The possible mechanism lies in the fact that exercise of moderate and small intensity produced better adaptability for hypothalamic-pitutiary-adrenal axia, changed the in vivo excretion of stress hormone, and then maintained the stability of immunological function.

1/2 cycle, three cases

Objective To analyze the CT findings and mechanisms of intracranial hemorrhage complicating infective endocarditis(IE).Methods The clinical materials of 5 cases with intracranial hemorrhage complicating IE were collected. Unenhanced CT was performed in all cases. Results Intracranial hemorrhage complicating IE included parenchymal hematomas, subarachnoid hemorrhages and hemorrhagic infarcts. Parenchymal hematomas could be sporadic or multiple and were all located in cortical or subcortical regions. Conclusion Perfectly understanding the mechanisms of the intracranial hemorrhage complicating IE is helpful to understand its CT findings and helpful for etiological diagnosis .

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy within concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT)for local advanced cervical cancer (LACC:Stage Ⅰb2 - Ⅳa).Methods 42 LACC patients were treated with CCRT combining with intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy (CCRT group),and another 60 LACC patients were under-went radiotherapy alone (control group).The clinical efficacy,adverse reactions and overall survivals (OAS)were evaluated,be-tween the two groups,respectively.Results Overall response rate was 92.8% in CCRT group.Of 42 patients,24 had achieved complete response (CR)in CCRT group (57.1%).The 5-year overall survival rate in CCRT group was 76.2%,which was signifi-cantly higher than that of control group (49.3%),respectively (P =0.01).Multivariate COX proportional hazards model revealed that the clinical stage(P =0.01 6),pelvic positive lymph nodes (P =0.007)were independent factors of monitoring prognosis of LACC patients treated with CCRT combining with intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy.Conclusion CCRT with intra-arterial infu-sion chemotherapy is a safe and effective method for LCCA,and clinical stage and pelvic positive lymph node were independent fac-tors of the prognosis of patients.

Objective:To investigate the effect of recombinant Elafin on A549 apoptosis induced by paraquat and the underlying mechanism.Methods:pEGFP-C1-Elafin was transformed into A549 competent cells by electroporation.Transformed A549 was cultured for additional 24 h before Elafin mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and cocultured with or without various concentration of paraquat( PQ ) for different duration.A549 apoptosis percentage and reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) content were tested by flow cytometry .Nuclear factor erythroid like-2(Nrf2) heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) were examed by Western blot .Results:Elafin expressed successfully in A549 after transformation.PQ caused A549 apoptosis in a concentration dependent manner and leaded to ROS content increasing and Nrf2 and HO-1 decreasing.However,elafin could inhibit ROS production and A549 apoptosis,upregulate Nrf2 and HO-1.Conclusion:Elafin could restrict A549 apoptosis to some extent and the possible mechanism lied in its ability to upregulate Nrf2 ex-pression.

There are several special advantages of the application of standardized patients ( SPs) in the assessments of clinical skills examination of medical practitioners .However , this application in China is restricted by some limit factors, such as the shortage of SP trainers and SPs , the huge funds needed and the imbalance of regional develop-ment.The suggestion to overcome those limitation and to promote SPs be applied to the clinical skills examination of medical practitioners are as follow: the preparatory of regional university union of SPs , the introduction of social capital to participate in and the adoption of the mode of scale operation .

Objective To detect the expression of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the sun exposure and non-exposure skin,to observe the elastic protein in the same location,and to explore the relationship between non-enzymatic glycation reactions and,photo-aging skin morphological changes.Methods In the exposure and non-exposure specimens from 30 patients,elastic fibers were stained with Gomori staining,and immunohistochemistry for AGEs was performed.Results AGEs expressed clearly positive in all elastic fibers of degeneration markedly (+ + above) of exposure skin,and appeared line-like in markedly(+ + above)elastic fibers.While in all non-exposure skin,AGEs expressed negative.In the exposure skin with middle or old age,compared with non-exposure skin,AGEs expressed more and elastic fibers were hyperplasia with thickening,curling and irregular distribution.The skin parts of AGEs expressed accorded with where elastic fibers degenerated.Conclusions Ultraviolet radiation can induce denaturation of elastic fibers and non-enzymatic glycation may contribute to the mechanism of skin photo-aging.

Objective To investigate the effects of proanthocyanidins on depressant-like behaviors and the structure of adrenal gland in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats. Methods Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:control group, stressed group (CUMS + vehicle), three treatment groups (CUMS + proanthocyanidins 25,50,100 mg·kg-1,respectively) ,and imipramine group (CUMS + imipramine 10 mg·kg-1). Used the CUMS model in rats to investigate the effects of chronic oral administration (21 days) of proanthocyanidins and imipramine (ip) on the open-field;and forced swimming and sucrose consumption tests and the ratio of adrenal gland/body weight,and its thickness were examined by HE stain. Results Compared with control group, rats subjected to CUMS exhibited increased ratio of adrenal gland /body weight ( P < 0. 01), less sucrose consumption( P<0.01) and inhibited in the open-field test( P<0.01) as well as more despair time in the forced swimming test( P<0.01). While compared with stressed group,treatments with proanthocyanidins (25,50,100 mg·kg-1, po ,21 days) could significantly improve the activities in open-field test ((39.6±3.4) vs (49±4.5), (52.6±3.7),(54.1±1.8) ;all P<0.01) and sucrose consumption( (5.8±2.5)ml vs (8.1±3.3)ml,(8.5±4.1) ml, (9.2±2.6) ml; P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.01 respectively); Meanwhile, it could reduce the duration time in forced swimming test significantly( (103.5±10.2)s vs (83.7±8.8)s,(75.8±5.9)s,(67.2±6.5)s; all P<0.01) as well as thickness of the adrenal gland(P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusions This study suggests that the proanthocyanidins (25,50,100 mg·kg-1) has an antidepressant-like effects in CUMS rats. The antidepressant actions of proanthocyanidins, in some degrees, may be related with the regulation of the adrenal gland's structure.

OBJECTIVE Toinvestigatetheantidepressantandantianxietyeffectofproanthocyani-dins(OPC)inchronicallystressedratsanditsunderlyingmechanism.METHODS Onemethodwas selected from 8 different stress methods each day,and the rats were treated with OPC (25,50 and 1 00 mg·kg -1 )1 h before the stress method.The chronically stressed model was established.After 21 d stress experi ment,the i mmobility ti me in force swi mming test,sucrose consu mption and the nu mber of marbles buried in the marble burying test were observed respectively each day.OPC (25,50 and 1 00 mg·kg -1 )was given 1 h before each test.In addition,Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element-bindingprotein(p-CREB)inthehippocampusandfrontalcortex.RESULTS Comparedwith the control group,the chronically stressed group showed obvious depressive-like and anxiety-like behav-ior,while the immobility time decreased from (90.57 ±4.27)s in chronically stressed group to (78.25 ± 2.53)s (P<0.05),(72.12 ±3.21 )s(P<0.05)and (60.77 ±3.41 )s (P<0.05)when ig given OPC 25,50 and 100 mg·kg -1 respectively,the ratio of sucrose preference increased from (42.80 ±4.92)%to (67.54 ±4.32)%(P<0.05)and (72.21 ±7.99)%(P<0.05)when ig given OPC 50 and 1 00 mg· kg -1 respectively,the number of buried marbles decreased from 1 .57 ±0.21 in chronically stressed group to 0.63 ±0.26 (P<0.05)and 0.44 ±0.1 8 (P<0.05)when ig given OPC 50 and 1 00 mg·kg -1 respectively.The expression of p-CREB in the hippocampus and frontal cortex distinctively increased in OPC group (25,50 and 100 mg·kg -1 )(P<0.05),so did the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus andfrontalcortexinOPCgroup(50and100mg·kg-1)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION OPCcanreverse the depressive-like and anxiety-like behavior in chronically stressed rats,which may be related to the cAMP-CREB-BDNF signal transduction cascades.