With the progress of visualization technology, more and more visual tools were applied to anesthesia. It has accurate positioning, mild trauma, a high success rate and less complications for endotracheal intubation, which increase the safety and efficiency of airway management. Disposcope endoscope is an endotracheal intubation tool with a visual stylet, which has many advantages, such as visual, lens barrel can be bent and wireless transmission. This paper summarizes the current progress in the application of Disposcope endoscopy in tracheal intubation.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of T2 *mapping T2 *value combined with DWI ADC value in quantitative assessment of the activity of sacroiliitis.Methods 30 patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis (AS)were divided into 2 groups as acute group (n=17)and chronic group (n=13)according to the BASDAI scores of the clinical severity of disease.And 20 healthy adults were recruited as control group.All groups were examined by MR with traditional sequence,T2 *mapping and DWI in the sacroiliac joint.The T2 *value and ADC value of the bone marrow edema region and normal region were measured.Furthermore,the imaging data and the clinical scores were statistical analysis and compared among three groups.Results T2 *values and ADC values in acute group of AS patients were higher than chronic group (P<0.05),as well as compared with healthy volunteers (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the chronic group of AS patients and control group (P>0.05).Positive correlation between ADC value and BASDAI was observed in patients group.Conclusion T2 *mapping combined with DWI imaging in AS is beneficial for early diagnosis and quantitative analysis of the activity of sacroiliitis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of gentle moxibustion in treating old interphalangeal collateral ligament injury.MethodSixty patients were randomly allocated to two groups. The treatment group of 30 patients received gentle moxibustion 20-30 min once daily for two consecutive courses of treatment. The control group of 30 patients received TDP irradiation 20-30 min once daily for two consecutive courses of treatment.ResultThe excellent rate and the total excellent rate were 56.7% and 83.3%, respectively, in the treatment group and 36.7% and 76.7%, respectively, in the control group; there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P<0.01).ConclusionGentle moxibustion has a marked therapeutic effect on old interphalangeal collateral ligament injury.

Objective:To summarize the clinical experience of changing the membranous pulmonary system during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) in infants after congenital heart disease opration with cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods:From January to September in 2019, 6 cases of congenital heart disease with cardio-pulmonary bypass in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively, whose membrane obstruction occurred during ECMO treatment and replaced successfully.The hemodynamics and blood gas before and after replacement of ECMO system were observed, and the experience was summarized.Results:Six patients(3 males and 3 females), aging from 1 to 3 months and weighing from 3.0 to 4.9 kg, were received VA-ECMO adjuvant therapy.The ECMO system replacement process was smooth and took 175-209 s. The hemodynamic of the children was stable.The ECMO support time was 134-249 h. After the improvement of cardiac systolic function, all children were successfully withdrawn and survived.Conclusion:The improved method of liquid replacement in ECMO system can make full use of the blood components in the original system and avoid the loss of blood tangible components.According to the plan of rapid replacement, the risk of replacement will not be increased.

Objective To explore the risk factors of hypertension in patients with IgA nephropathy in South China. Methods The clinical and renal pathological data of 280 primary IgA nephropathy patients diagnosed by biopsy were analyzed to extinguish the risk factors of hypertension. Results A total of 96 patients were suffered with hypertension (34.3%). A single-variable analysis showed that the age (≥40 years), body weight (≥60 kg), absence of macrohematuria, duration of disease (≥60 months), blood urea nitrogen≥8 mmol/L, serum creatinine (≥133 μmol/L), hyperuricaemia, degree of 24 h-proteinuria (≥1.5 g), segmental glomerular lesions (≥25% ), globe glomerular sclerosis (≥10%), tubular atrophy (≥25%), interstitial fibrosis (≥25%), interstitial inflammation (≥25% ) and arteriole hypertrophy (≥10% ) were all risk factors related to hypertension; multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum creatinine, age, arteriole hypertrophy, body weight and 24 h-proteinuria were the independent risk factors. Conclusion Many factors were related the hypertension in patients with IgA nephropathy, while serum creatinine, age, arteriole hypertrophy, body weight and 24 h-proteinuria were the independent risk factors of hypertension.

BACKGROUND:There are so many studies about ovariectomized rats at present, but the research on the change rules of bone mass, bone turnover markers, estrogen levels and their correlation in different periods of ovariectomized rats is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the change rules of bone mass, bone turnover markers, estrogen level and their correlation in different periods of ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Thirty-four 3-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: baseline group, ovariectomized group and sham operated group. At the beginning of the experiment, the rats in the baseline group were sacrificed, then rats in the ovariectomized group and sham operated group were executed at 4, 8, 12 weeks postoperative respectively. The bone mineral density, bone mass content, area of different zones of the L1-3 lumbar vertebrae and femurs were detected by dual-energy X-ray absorption method, and meanwhile the serum levels of type I procolagen amino-terminal pro-peptide, I colagen carboxy-terminal peptide and estrogen were determined by ELISA. At last, we analyzed the correlation between body mass, bone mineral densityin vitro, type I procolagen amino-terminal pro-peptide, I colagen carboxy-terminal peptide and estrogen levels and the age of ovariectomized rats. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The bone mineral density and bone mass content of the lumbar vertebral and femurs in the ovariectomized group were significantly lower than those in the sham operated group and baseline group at the 4th week after operation (P < 0.05). The bone mineral density and bone mass content in the ovariectomized group were ameliorated obviously at the 8th and 12th weeks compared with those at the 4th week after operation (P < 0.05). The bone mass loss was highest in the L1 and intertrochanteric regions. (2) Serum levels of type I procolagen amino-terminal pro-peptide and I colagen carboxy-terminal peptide in the ovariectomized group were significantly higher than those in the baseline group and sham operated group at the 4th week after operation, but there was no difference at the 8th and 12th weeks. (3) The serum estrogen level in the ovariectomized group was prominently lower than that in the sham operated group and baseline group at the 8th and 12th weeks after operation (P < 0.01 at the 8th week,P < 0.05 at the 12th week). (4) The age was positively correlated with body mass and bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae and femursin vitro, while the serum levels of type I procolagen amino-terminal pro-peptide and I colagen carboxy-terminal peptide were negatively correlated with the bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae and femurs in vitro (P < 0.01). These results suggested that the bone mass of the lumbar vertebrae and femurs in ovariectomized rats was decreased rapidly firstly, and then rose slowly with time; the bone mass in the L1 and intertrochanteric regions lost seriously; the bone turnover markers showed a significant increase at the beginning of ovariectomy and reduced gradualy to normal condition, while the estrogen level was increased at the first month after ovariectomy and then decreased rapidly. In addition, the body mass, bone turnover markers and estrogen level were associated with the change of bone mass.

BACKGROUND: It is a hotspot that calcium phosphate and calcium sulphate as the main ingredients are combined with one or more other materials to improve or increase the performance of bone tissue engineering scaffolds. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the research advance of these two kinds of scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. METHODS: The articles related to the bone tissue engineering published during January 2000 to June 2015 were retrieved from CNKI and PubMed databases by computer. The key words were “bone tissue engineering, scaffold, calcium phosphate, calcium sulphate, vascularization” in Chinese and English, respectively. ESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate are characterized as having good biocompatibility, biodegradability, osteoconductivity and complete bone substitutability. However, single use of calcium phosphate or calcium sulfate scaffold has certain disadvantages, both of which are difficult to ful y meet the requirements of the bone defect repair. Improvement can be acquired in the mechanical strength, injectability and biodegradability, as wel as drug-loading and pro-angiogenesis of the scaffold in combination with other materials. In the basal and clinical research, we should explore and develop ideal scaffolds in on the basis of therapeutic aim. However, most of the scaffold studies are stil at the extracorporeal and animal experiment stage, and the comparative studies on composite scaffolds and optimal proportion of those composite scaffolds stil need to be further investigated.

Objective To compare the effects of gastric gavage and intramuscular injection of prednisone on the bone mineral density, skeletal biomechanical properties and bone metabolism in rats.Methods A total of 45 SPF rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal group, intragastric administration group, and intramuscular injection group.The normal group, as a control group, was administrated with normal saline 2 mL per day, both the intragastric administration group and i.m.injec-tion group received prednisone 0.5 mg/(kg.d) for 12 weeks.All rats were examined for bone mineral density (BMD) and the level of serum β-CTX and PINP.The femoral cortical biomechanical properties ( elastic load, maximal load, rupturing load) were measured by three point bending test.Results After 12 weeks, compared with the normal group, BMD and elastic load, maximal load, and rupturing load of the femur were significantly decreased.Compared with the intragastric gavage group, BMD was significantly decreased, while the elastic load, maximal load, and rupturing load of the femur were not significantly changed in the i.m.injection group (P＜0.05 for all).Compared with the normal group, the level of serum β-CTX was significantly raised (P＜0.05) and the level of serum PINP was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Compared with the intragastric gavage group, the level of serumβ-CTX was also significantly raised (P＜0.05), the level of serum PINP was significantly decreased (P＜0.05), the bone trabecula and hemopoietic tissue were obviously decreased, while the adipose tissue increased obviously. Conclusions Both intragastric gavage and intramuscular injection of prednisone affect the level of BMD, skeletal biomechanical properties and bone metabolism.However, i.m.injection of prednisone decreases the BMD and bone strength more significantly, leading to a higher bone turnover with increased bone resorption, and leads to osteoporosis earlier.Our results may suggest that oral administration of prednisone is more safe in clinical treatment.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of related contrast material(Rel.CM)of the dual-energy CT (DECT) virtual noncalcium (VNCa) for detecting acute traumatic bone marrow edema in knee joint.Methods A total of 17 patients(18 knees)with definite trauma history and knee joint disorders were prospectively enrolled. Conventional CT, VNCa and MRI images were obtained by MRI and DECT scan. Each knee was divided into 12 regions, respectively, to observe the performance of MRI and VNCa images. The diagnostic efficacy of different Rel. CM values (1.25, 1.45, 1.75) was analyzed for the knee traumatic bone marrow edema,select the best Rel.CM value.And the CT values of bone marrow and bone marrow damage were measured on VNCa of the optimal Rel. CM parameters. Using ROC to evaluate the efficacy of VNCa in different Rel.CM values for diagnosing traumatic bone marrow edema,the difference of CT value between bone marrow lesion and bone marrow in normal region of bone marrow was obtained by using rank sum test. Results DECT and MRI were performed in 17 patients (18 knees). Eighteen knees were divided into 216 areas.MRI showed 94 areas of bone marrow edema,including 35 in distal portion of femur, 59 in proximal tibia. Rel.CM values of 1.25, 1.45, 1.75 of the VNCa map were used to diagnose traumatic bone marrow edema in the knee with the area under the ROC curve of 0.643, 0.871, 0.656, respectively. Rel.CM with 1.45 VNCa diagram was the most accurate. The CT values of the bone marrow edema region and the normal region were -64.3(-20.6 to-90.8)HU,-93.4(-70.5 to-120.7)HU, respectively, on the VNCa graph with the optimal Rel.CM parameters (1.45) (Z=-8.270, P<0.05). Conclusions The VNCa image with a Rel.CM value of 1.45 has a better diagnostic performance for traumatic bone marrow edema in knee joint. CT value measurement in VNCa image can be used for quantitative analysis of traumatic bone marrow edema.

Objective To compare the efficacy, safety, and survivability of TCbHP versus AC-THP in the neoadjuvant therapy of HER2-positive breast cancer in real-world. Methods Clinical data of patients with HER2 positive breast cancer, who have received TCbHP or AC-THP as neoadjuvant therapy and completed surgery in 11 third-class hospitals in various cities of Hebei Province, were retrospectively collected.The total pathological complete remission (tpCR) rate, the incidence of grade 3 or higher adverse reactions and the completion rate of the given approaches were compared. Results A total of 110 cases were collected, including 78 cases in the TCbHP group and 32 cases in the AC-THP group.The tpCR rate of the TCbHP group was higher than that of the AC-THP group, but the difference was not statistically significant (64.10% vs. 56.25%, P=0.441).No significant difference was found in the breast pathologic complete response (bpCR) and axillary pathologic complete response (apCR) rates between the TCbHP group and the AC-THP group (70.51% vs. 56.25%, P=0.150;78.21% vs. 84.38%, P=0.462).Exploratory analysis revealed that the tpCR rate of the TCbHP group was significantly higher than that of the AC-THP group in patients with HR-positive breast cancer (51.11% vs. 22.22%, P=0.036).As for the patients with HR-negative breast cancer, the tpCR rate of the AC-THP group tended to be higher than that of the TCbHP group (100% vs. 81.82%, P=0.088).The incidence of grade 3 or higher adverse reactions in the TCbHP group was slightly higher than that in the AC-THP group (12.82% vs. 9.38%, P=0.753).No deaths occurred in the whole group.Moreover, no significant difference was observed in the completion rate of the given approaches between the TCbHP group and the AC-THP group (92.31% vs. 90.63%, P=0.718). Conclusion In real-world clinical practice, the neoadjuvant therapy of TCbHP and AC-THP are effective, safe, and well tolerated among patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.The tpCR rate between the two approaches was not significantly different.The AC-THP regimen could also be considered as one of the optimal regimens for HER2-positive breast cancer in neoadjuvant therapy.