Objective To study the therapeutic effects of hypertonic sodium acetate dextran (HAD) in combination with dopamine (DA) on hemorrhagic shock complicated by pulmonary edema in the rats first entering high altitude. Methods Forty-two SD rats, first transported to Lhasa, Tibet (3 760 meters above the sea level), were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, ip). Hemorrhagic shock model with pulmonary edema was induced by hemorrhage (blood pressure at 50 mm Hg) plus intravenous injection of oleic acid (5 _l/100 g) for 1 hour. All the rats were equally divided into 6 groups, ie, normal control (no hemorrhage or oleic acid), hemorrhagic shock with pulmonary edema (HSPE), HSPE plus lactated Ringer's solution (LR, 4 ml/kg), HAD (4 ml/kg) alone, DA (2 mg/kg) alone and the combined use of HAD and DA groups. After drug administration, the hemodynamic parameters including mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), left intraventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and the changes of intraventricular pressure (?dp/dt max) were observed at the 15th, 30th, 60th and 120th minutes respectively, blood gases at the 30th and 120th minutes respectively and the water content of the lung and the brain at the 120th minutes. Results As compared with LR control group, HAD (4 ml/kg) or DA (2 mg/kg) used alone significantly increased MAP, LVSP and ?dp/dt max ( P

The changes of hepatocyte and skeletal muscle membrane potential.the membrane fluidity of microsomes,microviscosity.and the order coefficient of the arrangement of membrane lipid molecules were determined in rats after their cecum was ligated and punctured to induce septic shock.Lipid peroxides of plasma and the liver,phospholipase A2 and salivary acid were determined as well.It was found that both in the first 10 hours and the next 20 hours of septic shock,the resting membrane potential of hepatocytes and skeletal muscles was significantly suppressed as compared with that of the sham-operated rats.The membrane potential of hepatocytes was suppressed prior to the decrease of blood pressure and much earlier and much more severe than that of skelatal muscles.Lipid peroxides of the liver were increased by 1.6 fold(P

Objective To investigate the effects of different temperature seawater immersion on the hemodynamic of traumato-hemorrhagic shock rats. Methods 40 male traumato-hemorrhagic shock rats were utilized in this experiment. The hemodynamic parameters were determined in rats at preshock, shock, 10min, 30min, 1h, 3h, 5h after immersion in 15℃, 21℃ and 31℃ seawater respectively. Results The hemodynamic parameters of rats immersed in 21℃ seawater were markedly decreased compared with those of land control group. The hemodynamic parameters of rats immersed in 15℃ seawater rapidly decreased as compared with other groups. After 1 hour immersed in 15℃ seawater, the MAP, HR, ?dpdtmax of traumato-hemorrhagic shock rats were significantly decreased (P

Objective To observe the effects of vasedilator stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) of small intestine mucous membrane on the intestinal barrier dysfunction during hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats. Methods Forty Wistar rats were divided into normal group, HS 1 hour, HS 2 hours and HS 4 hours groups, as well as HS 2 hours + cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) treatment group. The activity of sermn diamine oxidase (DAO), content of hematoplasma D-lactic acid of each group were determined, and their relationship with the expression of VASP was analyzed. Results The expression of VASP was increased, serum DAO activity and hematoplasma D-lactic acid content were decreased by cAMP in rats at 2 hours after HS. There were differences upon the levels of VASP expression, DAO activity and hematoplasma D-lactic acid content between HS 2 hours group and HS 2 hours + cAMP treatment group ( t = 18.62, 9.28, 2.83, P < 0.05 ). The serum DAO activity increased while VASP expression decreased significantly after HS, which showed an obvious negative correlation between the two indexes (r=-0.95, P<0.05). Conclusions The decrease of VASP contributes to the intestinal barrier dysfunction after HS in rats, while the intestinal barrier dysfunction can be alleviated by cAMP.

Objective To evaluate the hemostatic efficacy of complex sponge and drug-loaded complex sponge on hepatic and splenic wounds in rabbits. Methods Complex sponge was prepared by means of cross-linking and lyophilization. Then, the sponge was immersed into the tranexamic acid solution and lyophilized to obtain the drug-loaded sponge. The complex sponge and drug-loaded complex sponge were respectively used on the hepatic and splenic wounds of rabbits to observe the bleeding time and blood loss under normal and liquemine anticoagulation respectively. The gelatin sponge and the chitosan sponge were used as controls. Results Under normal condition, the hemostatic time and blood loss of the complex sponge was decreased obviously compared with the gelatin sponge ( P＜ 0. 01 ) and compared with the chitosan sponge ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Posterior to liquemine anticoagulation, the hemostatic time was increased obviously in the gelatin sponge but showed no difference for the chitosan sponge and the complex sponge. Compared with complex sponge, the hemostatic efficacy of the tranexamic acid-loaded complex sponge was improved markedly for normal rabbits. While the hemostatic efficacy showed no significant change for rabbits with coagulation disorders, when there was no linear relationship between the hemostatic efficacy and the content of tranexamic acid. Conclusions The hemostatic efficacy of the complex sponge and the drug-loaded complex sponge surpass obviously that of the gelatin sponge, especially for the rabbits with coagulation disorders.

Objective To observe the relationship between zonula occludens protein subunit 1 (ZO-1) and the regulatory effect of vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) on the intestinal barrier function in rats of hemorrhagic shock (HS). Methods The intestinal barrier function was reflected by the hematoplasma D-lactic acid content,and the mucous membrane of small intestine from HS rats at different time after shock (1,2 and 4 h) were adopted to determine the expressions of VASP,phospho-VASP and ZO-1. cAMP,the agonist of VASP phosphorylation,was employed to observe the change of the above mentioned molecules and the intestinal barrier function following HS. Results (1) VASP expression of small intestine mucous membrane was decreased significantly after HS (P

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) and oxygen free radical (OFR) on proton transmembrane translocation and H(+)-ATPase. METHODS: The normal rats were sacrificed for preparetion liver mitochondria and submitochondrial particles for experiments in vitro. Submitochondrial particles were incubated with LPS (100 &mgr;g/mL), PLA(2) (10 u/mL) and FeSO(4)/Vit C (30/90 &mgr;mol/L) at 30 degrees C for 30 min. The proton translocation of submitochondrial particles (SMPs) were assayed with the fluorescent probe ACMA (9-amino-6-chloro-2 methoxya cridine). The mitochondria were incubated with different concentration of LPS, PLA(2) and FeSO(4)/Vit C. The H(+)-ATPase, PLA(2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed. RESULTS: The fluorescent quenching of ACMA and H(+)-ATPase activity in high dose was significantly decreased after treatment with LPS, PLA(2), FeSO(4)/Vit C (P<0.05). The mitochondrial PLA(2) activity and MDA content were significantly increased after treatment with LPS (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: FeSO(4)/Vit C in low dose causes increases H(+)-ATPase activity. LPS, PLA(2), FeSO(4)/Vit C might be the important factors changing H(+)-ATPase and proton translocation across the membrane.

A porous composite particle (CP) was fabricated by the methods of emulsification and cross-link based on chitosan, alginate and collagen protein, and the tranexamic acid-loaded composite particles (TACP) was prepared by immersing the composite particle into the solution of tranexamic acid and by freeze drying. In the hepatic and splenic hemorrhage model of rabbits, CP and TACP were randomly used as haemostatic agents, and the Suxiaozhixuefen (Flashclot) was used as control. The corresponding hemostatic time and bleeding amount were observed respectively. The hemostatic time of CP and Flashclot were (2.48 +/- 0.88) min and (3.07 +/- 0.84) min, respectively, no significant difference was observed. However, the hemostatic time of TACP was (1.90 +/- 0.75) min, which was significantly shorter than that of CP and Flashclot (P < 0.05). In the splenic bleeding model of rabbits, similar results were obtained with these three kinds of hemostatics. These results indicated that the CP based on chitosan, alginate and collagen protein displayed similar hemostatic efficiency to Flashclot. However, the TACP might be one of promising haemostatic powders due to its more excellent hemostatic efficiency.
Alginates ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Chitosan ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Collagen ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hemostatics ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Male ; Rabbits ; Tranexamic Acid ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology