Objective To study the relationship between hepatic resection,hepatic regeneration and hepatic function.Methods Totally 8 cases undergone partial hepatic resection were undergone CT scan pre-and pastoperation.The volumes of the whole liver and the lesions were measured on CT images,and the hepatic resectable rate was calculated before operation.The volume of liver was measured again after operation,and the hepatic regenerative rate at different time was also calculated after operation.The hepatic function was tested before and after operation.Results The negative relation was showed between hepatic resectable rate and hepatic regenerative rate.Conclusion There is postiive relation between hepatic resectable rate and the function of liver.

Objective To explore the correlation between axon guidance factor Semaphorin 5A and clinicopathological features and its role in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.Methods The expression of Semaphorin 5A in gastric cancer tissues of 171 patients with different gender,age,histological type and TNM stage was detected with immunohistochemistry assay.The expression of Semaphorin 5A was determined by Western blotting assay in gastric cancer cell lines SGC7901 and MKN-45 with metastatic ability and gastric cancer cell lines SNU-1 and AGS without metastatic ability.With RNA interfere technique(RNAi),Semaphorin 5A siRNA expression vector was constructed and transfected into gastric cancer cell line SGC7901.The stable gastric cancer cell line down-expressing Semaphorin 5A was established.The effect of Semaphorin 5A gene silencing on the adhesion,migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell was examined by cell adhesion test,wound healing test and transwell chamber assays.Results The expression level of Semaphorin 5A was correlated with the differentiation degree of gastric cancer(x2 =6.32,P =0.01),lymphnode metastasis(x2 =7.68,P=0.01)and distant metastasis of gastric cancer(x2 =13.67,P =0.00),not correlated with age(x2 =0.21,P=0.79),gender(x2=1.79,P=0.15)and the depth of gastric cancer invasion(x2=1.34,P=0.55).The expression of Semaphorin 5A in cell lines SGC7901 and MKN-45 was significantly higher than that of cell lines SNU-1 and AGS(P＜0.01).Semaphorin 5A gene silencing significantly suppressed the adhesion,migration and invasion abilities of gastric cancer cells.Conclusion Semaphorin 5A may play a catalytic role in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer through increasing the adhesion,migration and invasion abilities of gastric cancer cell.

Objective To study the effect of AG490 on the invasion and metastasis of gallbladder SGC -996 cells regulated by JAK/STAT3,and discuss the related mechanism.Methods Cell viability treated with different concentrations of AG490(50,100,200μmol/L)was detected by MTT method.The ability of invasion and metastasis of gallbladder cells was evaluated by Transwell membrane count.The SGC -996 cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.The protein expression of JAK/STAT3 pathway was detected by Western blot.Results The viability inhi-bition rates of different concentrations of AG490 for SGC -996 cells were (17.49 ±3.41)%,(38.66 ±4.57)%, (79.15 ±6.29)% respectively,and with the increasing of concentration,cell viability decreased obviously.Compared with the control group[(1.39 ±0.21)%],the differences were statistically significant(t =8.162,14.111,21.401, all P <0.01 ).The transfer ability inhibition rate of different concentrations of AG490 for SGC -996 cell were (23.18 ±4.53)%,(51.75 ±6.46)%,(81.32 ±7.13)% respectively,and with the increasing of concentration of AG490,the inhibition rate of invasion and metastasis enhanced.Compared with the control group [(1.46 ± 0.42)%],the differences were statistically significant(t =8.269,13.455,19.366,all P <0.01).The apoptosis rate for SGC -996 cells of different concentrations of AG490 were (13.34 ±4.33)%,(28.16 ±6.23)%,(53.61 ± 8.74)% respectively,and cell apoptosis increased with the increasing of concentration.Compared with control group [(0.97 ±0.52)%],the differences were statistically significant(t =4.913,7.533,10.414,all P <0.01).Different concentrations of AG490 can reduce expression of ZFX,STAT3 and Smad1 protein of JAK/STAT3 pathway of SGC -996 cells,compared with the control group,the differences were statistically significant(tZFX =2.154,3.041,4.185, tSTAT3 =7.348,14.892,17.774 and tSmad1 =3.474,5.241,7.718,all P <0.05).Conclusion AG490 can inhibit the invasion and metastasis of gallbladder SGC -996 cells,and the effect depends on dosage.Its mechanism may be relat-ed to the reduction of cell apoptosis and the protein expression of JAK/STAT3 pathway.

Objective To analyze the CT findings of heterotopic pancreas and the correlation with pathologic changes.Methods CT findings in 1 9 patients with heterotopic pancreas proven by surgery were reviewed retrospectively,14 of whom were scanned with enhanced CT.The correlation of CT findings and pathologic results were also analyzed.Results All patients had a single lesion with sized range from 0.8 to 4.7 cm and mean diameter of (2.2±0.6)cm.All lesions with homogeneous density were showed on plain scans including 7 lesions in stomach,8 in duodenum,2 in jejunum,1 in ileum and 1 beside the cardiac lymph nodes.The border of the lesions in 5 was unclear with exudative changes,mimicking acute pancreatitis.A sign of central umbilical concave was found in 2.Pathological results confirmed 14 lesions in submucosa,3 in muscular layer,1 in serosal layer and 1 in abdominal cavity.Hetero-topic pancreas presented early obvious enhancement in 9,mimicking normal pancreas,which was composed chiefly of pancreatic aci-ni.The enhanced degree of 4 lesions was lower than normal pancreas,which were composed of pancreas ductal epithelium and few pancreatic acini.No significantly enhancement was seen in 1,mimicing liomyoma,which was composed chiefly of pancreas ductal epithelium and smooth muscle hyperplasia.Conclusion Heterotopic pancreas in most cases presents characteristic submucosal disea-ses-like pattern,and different enhanced patterns of heterotopic pancreas are related with the pathologic changes.

Objective To investigate the MR imaging findings of colonic carcinoma and the diagnostic value of MRI. Methods Multi-planar and multi-sequence MRI scanning, before and after contrast enhancement, were performed in 40 patients with colonic cancer. The patients were fasted for 12 hours, prepared with clean clysis or senna at night before study, given 10 mg of anisodamine 10 minutes before study, and then infused with 800～1 000 ml physiological saline immediately before study by anus. Dukes staging and resectability evaluation were made in 32 patients before surgery and meanwhile the results were compared with pathology. Results Colonic anatomy and surrounding organs were clearly demonstrated on MRI in 40 patients with colonic cancer, particularly in recta and sigmoid flexure. The tumours showed iso-intensity on T 1WI, iso-intensity or slight high-intensity signal on T 2WI, and high-intensity signal on SPIR. Remarkable enhancement was seen in 35/40 (87.5%). Invasion of surrounding organs occurred in 8/40(20.0%)and MRI revealed 6; Meanwhile, MRI revealed lymph node metastasis in 8 out of 12 cases. 32 patients were regarded as resectable before surgery, and 8 patients as unresectable. Four patients were overestimated, the accuracy of preoperative evaluation for the resectability was 87.5%, and the detecting rate of colonic cancer was 100.0%. Conclusion MRI can clearly show the colonic wall thickness, anatomic structure and surrounding anatomy. For the diagnosis of colonic cancer, MRI can not only demonstrate all its morphologic features, such as mass, thickened wall, and invasion of adjacent organs, but also swollen lymph node and metastasis in abdominal cavity. MRI is very helpful in the diagnosis, staging, and respectability evaluation of colonic cancer.

Objective To explore the image quality of gastric cancer improved by dual-energy CT,and to evaluate the clinical utility in staging gastric cancers.Methods 55 patients suspected gastric cancers were included in the study.Patients underwent dual-phasic scans using dual-energy CT with a dual-source scanner.The relationships image quality parameters in 100 kV,120 kV and 70 keV images were evaluated.Image quality parameters comprised mean density,signal-to noise ratio (SNR) and objective noise.The 120 kV and 70 keV images were compared in TNM staging.Results In arterial and portal phase,the attenuation was significantly higher at 70 keV and 100 kV compared to 120 kV images (P＜0.001).In arterial phase,the SNR were higher at 120 kV and 70 keV in comparison to 100 kV(P＜0.01).In portal phase,the SNR were higher at 70 keV in comparison to 120 kV and 100 kV(P＜0.01).Overall accuracy in assessment of tumor invasion of the gastric wall (T stage) was 83.7％ with 70 keV images and 72.1％ with 120 kV images,this difference was not significant (P=0.25);Overall accuracy for lymph node (N) staging was significantly better with 70 keV images(74.4％) than with 120 kV images(62.8％) (P＜0.05).Conclusion The image quality of gastric cancers using dual-energy CT can be improved by optimizing the energy level.The 70 keV images may be used to improve the N-staging accuracy.

Objective To explore the value of dual-source CT monoenergetic-plus imaging in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer. Methods Imaging data of 2 6 cases with pathologically proven early gastric cancer who underwent dual-energy scanning were analyzed retrospectively.Monoenergetic-plus images with energy levels at 40 keV,50 keV,60 keV and 70 keV were reconstructed by using an advanced monoenergetic software (syngo.via.VA30A,Dual energy Mono+).Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR)of the lesion,image noise,overall image quality score and lesion conspicuity score were com pared between different monoenergetic-plus images and conventional polychromatic images at 1 2 0 kVp.Results The CNRs (3 .2 4 ± 0 .7 6 ,2 .9 4 ± 0 .9 2 ,2 .4 7 ± 0 .7 9 ,2 .3 7 ± 0.98 and 1.22±0.40 respectively)and image noises [(32.7±1.82)HU,(25.6±2.61)HU,(20.30±2.1 7)HU,(1 7.03±2.1 5)HU and (18.15±2.12)HU respectively]among 40 keV,50 keV,60 keV,70 keV and 120 kVp groups all had statistical differences (F =24.654 and 227.05,P <0.01).The CNR in 50 keV group was higher than that in 60 keV,70 keV and 120 kVp groups,but similar to that in 40 keV group (P >0.05).The SD value in 50 keV group was lower than that in 40 keV group,but higher than that in other three groups (P <0.05).The overall image quality score (3.08±0.27,3.65±0.49,3.31±0.47,3.23±0.43 and 3.1 5±0.37,respectively) and lesion conspicuity score (4.15±0.67,3.92±0.48,3.27 ±0.45,3.08±0.27 and 3.04±0.20)among the five groups all had statistical differences (Z =25.343 and 70.426,P <0.05).The overall image quality score of 50 keV group was higher than that of the other four groups (P <0.05).Lesion conspicuity score in 50 keV group was higher than that in 60 keV,70 keV and 120 kVp groups and similar to that in 40 keV group (P =0.1 52).Conclusion The 50 keV monoenergetic-plus images can increase the CNR value of early gastric cancer while maintaining the overall image quality.

Objective To study the clinical course and clinicopathological features of para-aortic lymph node metastases in patients with gallbladder cancer.Methods Forty-two patients with gallbladder cancer who underwent radical resection combined with para-aortic lymphadenectomy at the Mianyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2001 to December 2013 were retrospectively studied.The survival rates of the para-aortic lymph node metastasis group were compared with the negative para-aortic lymph node group of patients.Para-aortic lymph node metastasis as well as clinical features were correlated with survival.Results No one died within the perioperative period.The total complication rate was 24.0％,and there was no significant difference between the positive para-aortic lymph node group and the negative group (P ＞0.05).The rate of para-aortic lymph node metastasis on histopathology was 21.4％ (9/42),which was positively correlated with tumor depth of invasion and negatively correlated with the degree of differentiation (P ＜ 0.01).The 1-,2-,and 3-year survival rates of the positive para-aortic lymph node group were significantly inferior to the negative group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Dissection of para-aortic lymph nodes in patients with gallbladder cancer was safe and feasible.Lymphadenectomy did not improve the longterm survival rates of patients with para-aortic lymph node involvement metastases.The extent of lymph node dissection for gallbladder cancer should be decided by intraoperative biopsy.

Objective To study the relationship between the CT features and pathological grade of malignancy of the gastric stro-mal tumors (GST).Methods A retrospective review was performed based on the database of 80 consecutive patients with GST.Age and gender of the patients were recorded,and the CT findings of GST including growth pattern,morphology,tumor site,boundary, mucosa,serosa,ulcer,volume and maximum diameter of the tumor were also measured.The patients were divided into three groups:very low and low risk group,intermediate risk one and high risk one according to the pathology.All parameters were ana-lyzed by one-way ANOVA or Fisher’s exact test.Results The patients in 3 groups (from low risk to high one)were 30,30 and 20 respectively.There were no significant differences in age,gender,location and mucosa among 3 groups(P>0.05).However,the growth pattern,morphology,boundary,serosa,ulcer,volume and maximum diameter of the tumor were significantly different (P<0.05).Conclusion The CT features including growth pattern,morphology,boundary,serosa,ulcer,volume and maximum diameter of the tumor can be used to evaluate the grades of malignancy in GST.

AIM: To study the relationship between prostaglandins and acute pulpitis. METHODS: Rat traumatic pulpitis model was established by pulp exposure. The kinetic pathological changes in dental pulpal tissues and changes of PGE 2?6-Keto-PGF 1? and TXB 2 concentration in dental pulp were observed. RESULTS: After pulpal trauma, the dental pulp showed inflammatory changes and the concentrations of PGE 2?6-Keto-PGF 1? and TXB 2 were increased, which peaked at 6 hour post-trauma. CONCLUSION: Prostaglandins play a significant role in the pathogenesis of pulpitis.