OBJECTIVE： To improve the dissolubility and dissolution rate of carvedilol.METHODS： Carvedilol solid dispersions were prepared using solvent－ melting and coevaporation methods with PEG－ 6000 and PVP as carriers and in vitro dissolubility was studied in simulated gastric juice.RESULTS： The results of in vitro dissolubility test showed that the higher the carrier－ car ratio,the faster the drug dissolution.The in vitro dissolubility of solid dispersions with PVP as carrier was faster than that of solid dispersions with PEG－ 6000 as carrier.CONCLUSION： Accelerating the rate of in vitro release and improving bioavailability,carvedilol solid dispersion was a promising preparation.

Newborn screening plays an important role in the 3-tiered system of prevention and control for birth defects in China.With the rapid development of newborn screening and diagnosis,quality control system including internal quality control and external quality assessment should be optimized and improved,and attention should be paid to pre-experimental quality control and management of positive patients as well.Widespread application of tandem mass spectrometry in newborn screening and diagnosis for inherited metabolic diseases greatly enhanced the detection capability and efficiency.The rapid development of molecular diagnosis techniques will confront new challenges and troubles.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the techniques, methods and applications of proteomics in leukemia. DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of Medline database between January 2001 and March 2006 was undertaken to identify relevant articles published in English by using the keywords of "proteomics, leukemia". Meanwhile, Chinese articles published from January 2001 to March 2006 were searched in Weipu database, with the keywords of "proteomics, leukemia". STUDY SELECTION: The data were checked firstly, and the articles with repetitive contents were deleted, and then the full-texts of the rest articles in recent 5 years were obtained. Inclusive criteria:①original works about proteomics;②original works about leukemia;③original works about the relation between proteomics and leukemia. Exclusive criteria: repetitive studies and Meta analysis. DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 107 articles about the proteomics and leukemia were collected, and the repetitive or similar studies were excluded, finally 30 articles were involved, including 11 about the proteomics and 19 about the advancement of proteomics and leukemia. DATA SYNTHESIS: Proteomics is a novel science that is aimed to study proteome by various techniques and to analyze the cornpositions, expressions and modifications of protein entirely. The decussation of proteomics, genomics and bioinformatics has formed the mode of the systemic bioresearch. Leukemia, the common malignant tumor in the hematological system, is prone to be multi-drug resistant after chemotherapy, whose mechanism is not clear. Blood proteome consists of all the protein expressed in the hematological system, and investigates the mechanism of proliferation, differentiation and abnormal transformation of leukemic cells, as well as the early diagnosis and treatment of leukemia. Additionally, it illuminates the correlation of protein's expression with the occurrence and development of leukemia, so as to provide the scientific evidences for searching new drugs and diagnosing prognosis. Proteomics will help a lot in elucidating the pathogenesis of leukemia, the prognostic judgment, the choice of chemotherapy drugs, and the individualized treatment. CONCLUSION: Proteomics can provide rationale for the individualized treatment and the prognostic judgment of leukemia.

The corresponding electrocardiographic manifestat of the different culprit vessels in patients with acute myocardial infarct is elaborated and its diagnostic value is discussed.

Objective Measure the epicondyles of the distal femur on magnetic resonance image(MRI), in order to locate presicely the surgical transepicondylar axis(STEA) in total knee arthroplasty(TKA) and to provide theoretical basis for the designing of the size of the femoral component. Methods Totally 78 normal knees of Chinese individuals were studied. The images of coronal, sagittal and traverse sections of the knee were obtained by magnetic resonance image. Measurement included the width of the STEA, distance between the epicondyles and the joint line, anterior posterior width of the medial and lateral epicondyles, posterior condyle angle. Results The width of the STEA averaged(79.55±4.90)mm in males, and femles(71.18±4.22)mm. The distance from the epicondyles to the joint line was correlated with the width of the STEA, so was the anterior posterior width of epicondyles. PCA averaged(4.22±2.07)°. Conclusion The size of the epicondyles in Chinese is significantly smaller than that of the Westerns. The ratio between anterior posterior width of the medial epicondyle and the width of the STEA is 0.84, and is 0.87 between anterior posterior width of the lateral epicondyle and the width of the STEA. The distance from the epicondyles to the joint line is helpful to locate the STEA. The reliability is poor to locate the STEA by touch or PCL.

Newborn screening of inherited metabolic diseases by tandem mass spectrometry is flourishing in our country.With expansion of the coverage and spectrum of diseases, it is important to strengthen the quality management, optimize the performance and reduce the false rate currently, such as quality assurance of the specimens, quality control of the process, quality verification of the test procedure, quality evaluation of the laboratory and quality optimization of the interpretation method. Along with development of the equipment, software and project, promotion of regional collaboration by data and experience sharing will be more critical in the future, and national neonatal screening by tandem mass spectrometry will step into a new stage.

Objective To study the effect of bacillus licheniformis and live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus on chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID). Methods Seventy-two gastric cancer patients with CID were collected and the clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to different treatment methods with 18 cases each. The patients in group A were treated with montmorillonite powder, the patients in group B were treated with montmorillonite powder and bacillus licheniformis, the patients in group C were treated with montmorillonite powder and live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus, and the patients in group D were treated with montmorillonite powder, bacillus licheniformis capsule and live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus. The patients with severe diarrhea in 4 groups were treated with rehydration, maintaining water and electrolyte balance and nutritional support. The Karnofsky performance scale score (KPS score), diarrhea grading before and after treatment and treatment effect were recorded. Results The KPS score after treatment in group A, group B, group C and group D were significantly higher than that before treatment: (70.6 ± 10.6) scores vs. (62.2 ± 12.2) scores, (76.1 ± 7.8) scores vs. (61.7 ± 9.9) scores, (77.2 ± 7.5) scores vs. (61.1 ± 10.8) scores, (83.9 ± 5.0) scores vs. (63.9 ± 10.9) scores. Moreover, The KPS score in group B, group C and group D were significantly higher than that in group A, the KPS score in group D was significantly higher than that in group B and group C, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The diarrhea grading after treatment in 4 groups were improved compared with that before treatment. Furthermore, the diarrhea grading in group B, group C and group D were significantly better than that in group B and group C, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). In group A, there were 2 cases with excellent effect, 10 cases with effect and 6 cases with no effect;in group B, there were 8 cases with excellent effect, 8 cases with effect and 2 cases with no effect;in group C, there were 7 cases with excellent effect, 9 cases with effect and 2 cases with no effect; in group D, there were 9 cases with excellent effect, 9 cases with effect and 0 case with no effect. The treatment effect in group D was significantly better than that in the other 3 groups, and there were statistical differences (Hc = 10.81, P<0.05). Conclusions Bacillus licheniformis and live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus is more effective in the treatment of gastric cancer patients with CID.

OBJECTIVE To obtain primary knowledge of drug resistance to aztreonam(ATM) in commonly encounterd Gram-negative bacilli in our hospital thereby to bring the situation under control.METHODS A total of 3 928 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from patients from 2001 to 2005,and drug resistance of these strains to ATM was examined.RESULTS Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Enterobacter cloacae and Acinetobacter spp to ATM was found to be tend increasing from 13%,14%,29% and 40% in 2001 to 28%,29%,40% and 77% in 2005.CONCLUSIONS The percentages of commonly encountered Gram-negative bacilli that are resistant to ATM have been considerably high and tend to increase further.ATM abuse needs to be given appropriate attention to.

Objective:To investigate the expression of tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?)in the tissues of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)and its clinical significance. Methods:The expression of TNF-? was assessed by immunohistochemical method of SABC in paraffin tissue sections of 41 cases of OSCC and 10 of normal oral epithelia.Results:The expression of TNF-? in OSCC was higher than that in oral normal mucous tissue(P

Objective To evaluate the local control effect of radiotherapy and intravesical chemotherapy following bladder preserving surgery for musculoinvasive bladder cancer. Methods Twenty three patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer were treated by bladder preserving surgery followed by external radiation ( mean dose 52.5 Gy) combined with intravesical mitomycin infusion after bladder preserving operation (study group).For comparison, 29 similar patients received the same treatment without radiation served as control (control group).Results All patients in the study group completed their designed treatment,except two patients whose protocol was interrupted for 3 days and one week due to acute cystitis. The mean follow up duration was 41.6 months. The 3 year local recurrence rates were 18.8% in the study group and 44.8% in the control group(P=0.026).The 3 year distant metastasis rates were 18.2% and 24.1% (P=0.437),and the 3 year overall survival rates were 81.8% and 86.2% (P=0.670),respectively. Conclusion It is demonstrated that adjuvant radiotherapy and intravesical infusion chemotherapy following organ preserving surgical procedure are encouraging by giving favorable local control for musculoinvasive bladder cancer.