Objective To assess the protective effect of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib on rat liver subjected to bile duct obstruction. Methods Thirty rats were divided randomly into three groups, which were sham-operation group (SO group), bile duct ligation control group (Con group) and bortezomib group (Bor group). All rats in the Con group underwent ligation of the common bile duct, and rats in the Bor group were given bortezomib intrabominally at-1 d, 4 d post-ligation of the common bile duct. All the rats were sacrificed at 7 d post-surgery. ALT, TB and TBA levels were determined. The expression of NF-κB p65 was assessed using immunohistological staining. RT-PCR was employed to detect TNF-α mRNA levels in liver samples. Results There was no significance in the levels of TB and TBA between Con and Bor groups. The ALT revel in the Bor group [(92.4±21.4)μmol/L]was significantly lower than that in the Con group [(145.7 ±33.5) μmol/L], P＜0.05. The positive staining rate of NF-κB p65 subunit in the Bor group showed significant lower value (11.6% ±2.7 % ) compared to that in the Con group (15.5 %±4.3 % ), P＜0.05. The expression ratio of TNF-α mRNA in the Bor group was 1.0± 0. 2, which also significantly lower than that in the Con group (1.3±0.4), P＜0. 05. Conclusion These data suggest that the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib reduces rat hepatocyte injury in the bile duct ligation by mechanisms associated with the inhibition of NF-κB as well as the attenuation of inflammation.

The amino acid contents of five floral sources Chinese honeys (jujube, rape, chaste, acacia, and lungan) were measured using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The results showed that proline was the main amino acid in most of the analyzed samples. Phenylalanine presents at the highest content in chaste honey samples, and the total amino acid contents of chaste honeys were also significantly higher than those of other honey samples. Based on the amino acid contents, honey samples were classified using chemometric methods (cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and discriminant analysis (DA)). According to the CA results, chaste honeys could be separated from other honeys, while the remaining samples were correctly grouped together when the chaste honey data were excluded. By using DA, the overall correct classification rate reached 100%. The results revealed that amino acid contents could potentially be used as indicators to identify the botanical origin of unifloral honeys.

The amino acid contents of five floral sources Chinese honeys (jujube, rape, chaste, acacia, and lungan) were measured using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The results showed that proline was the main amino acid in most of the analyzed samples. Phenylalanine presents at the highest content in chaste honey samples, and the total amino acid contents of chaste honeys were also significantly higher than those of other honey samples. Based on the amino acid contents, honey samples were classified using chemometric methods (cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and discriminant analysis (DA)). According to the CA results, chaste honeys could be separated from other honeys, while the remaining samples were correctly grouped together when the chaste honey data were excluded. By using DA, the overall correct classification rate reached 100%. The results revealed that amino acid contents could potentially be used as indicators to identify the botanical origin of unifloral honeys.

Children usually come to emergency department accompanied with painful conditions and injuries.During the emergence care,additional painful,distressing or unpleasant diagnostic and therapeutic procedures may be required.Emergency doctors are anticipated to provide safe and effective analgesia and se-dation for children.This review summarized recent studies on the following aspects:make sure that children do not experience lengthened or additional pain when coming to emergency medical care;at triage use a com-posite pain assessment tool to assess;aim to provide effective analgesia at the first attempt-use the appropriate drug,dose,and route;choose painless modes of delivery(nasal route,flavoured syrups) if possible;reassess frequently pain scores to make sure that analgesia is effective and allow adequate time for it to work;use non-pharmacological and pharmacological modalities to manage pain;avoid the"routine"use of unnecessary painful invasive procedures;use topical,local and regional anaesthesia together with proper safe procedural se-dation to avoid further pain.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of free-talk language functional cortex mapping methods based on high frequency response in epileptic foci resection.Methods:Twenty patients with intractable epilepsy admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to May 2019 were chosen in our study. According to the different intraoperative mapping methods of language functional region, these patients were divided into test group ( n=10, using free-talk language function localization based on high frequency response [new method]+ electrical cortical stimulation [ECS]) and control group ( n=10, using ECS localization only). The overlap rate of the two methods in the test group were calculated and the postoperative follow-up results of patients in the two groups were analyzed. Results:In 10 patients from the test group, 33 positive loci in the Broca's area and 33 positive loci in the Wernicke's area were detected by new method; at the meantime, 16 positive loci in the Broca's area and 8 positive loci in the Wernicke's area were detected by ECS method, which had a overlap rate of 93.75% (15/16) in the Broca's area and 75.00% (6/8) in the Wernicke's area, respectively, as compared with the new method. In the 10 patients from the control group, 18 positive loci in the Broca's area and 3 positive loci in the Wernicke's area were detected by ECS method. In the test group, 7 patients achieved Engel grading I and 2 patients developed transient language function impairment after surgery; while in the control group, 5 patients achieved Engel grading I and 4 patients developed transient language function impairment after surgery.Conclusion:The new method has a high overlap rate with ECS method; the combination of the two methods can help to decrease the speech function impairment after excision of epileptogenic foci in patients with epilepsy.