OBJECTIVE To obtain primary knowledge of drug resistance to aztreonam(ATM) in commonly encounterd Gram-negative bacilli in our hospital thereby to bring the situation under control.METHODS A total of 3 928 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from patients from 2001 to 2005,and drug resistance of these strains to ATM was examined.RESULTS Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Enterobacter cloacae and Acinetobacter spp to ATM was found to be tend increasing from 13%,14%,29% and 40% in 2001 to 28%,29%,40% and 77% in 2005.CONCLUSIONS The percentages of commonly encountered Gram-negative bacilli that are resistant to ATM have been considerably high and tend to increase further.ATM abuse needs to be given appropriate attention to.

Objective To report the clinical outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation for capitellum fractures in adolescents.Methods From January 2010 to January 2015,14 adolescents with capitellum fracture were admitted to our department.They were 12 males and 2 females,aged from 12 to 16 years (13.7 years).By the Dubberley classification,we had 2 cases of type ⅠA,8 cases of type ⅡA,3 cases of type Ⅲ A and one of type Ⅲ B.We summarized their clinical characteristics and injury mechanisms.At the last follow-up,the therapeutic efficacy was assessed by the Mayo elbow function scores,and the ranges of motion of the elbow and forearm on the affected side were recorded.Results The 14 patients obtained an average follow-up of 12 months (from 6 to 18 months).All the cases achieved fracture union within 3 months,but malunion appeared in one.At the last follow-up,the ranges of flexion and extension of the affected elbow averaged 120.6° (from 110° to 135°),and the ranges of lateral rotation of the affected forearm averaged 160.3° (from 150° to 175°).According to the Mayo scores at the last follow-up,the elbow function was rated as excellent in 12 and as good in one.Mild traumatic arthritis occurred in 3 cases.Conclusions Capitellum fractures in adolescents are often Dubberley type A ones without a complicated fracture of the posterior condyle.Usually,the capitellum is impacted by the radial head in the process of elbow extension with valgus stress.After definite diagnosis,open anatomical reduction and reasonable and reliable internal fixation can result in good clinical results.

The interaction between water-soluble CdS and gelatin 5n aqueous solution was explored using fluorescence,infrared (IR)and UV-Vis spectra at pH 12.0 and different temperatures.Results show that the formed complex had a strong ability to quench the fluorescence launched from gelatin.The fluorescence quenching data were analvzed according to Lineweave-Burk double-reciprocal equation and the gelatin had reacted with CdS to form a complex.This kind of static fluorescence quenching goes with non-radiation energy transfer happening within single molecule According to Lineweave-Burk equation,K(285 K:1.07×10~4 L/mol;292 K:9 69×10~3 L/mol;299 K:8.06×10~3 L/mol),the formation constants of the compound at different temperatures and the thermodynamic parameters(△H=-14.18 kJ/mol;△G=-21.98/-22.28/-22.36 kJ/mol;△S=27.36/27.74/27.36 J/K·mol) at certain temperatures were obtained,indicating that the binding force between them is mainly the static in nature.The binding locality was an area of 4.09 nm away from tryptophan residue in gelatin based on F(o)rster's non-radiation energy transfer mechanism.The results provide information for exploring the chemical mechanism of interaction between nanoparticle and this kind of biological macromolecule.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ELISA kit for cholesterol gallstone. Methods The ELISA kit of 33?500 vesicular protein was established by sandwich method, and the concentrations of the protein in gallbladder bile were examined among cholesterol, pigmental gallstone patients and control groups. Results The gallbladder 33?500 vesicular protein (213?70) ?g/ml is much higher in cholesterol gallstone patients than in pigmental gallstone patients (72?55) ?g/ml and control groups (65?52) ?g/ml (F=60.9, P

Objective Objective TO investigate the potential association between matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene polymorphisms and risk of ischemic stroke in Western Guangdong population.Methods This hospitalbased case-control study recruited 251 patients with ischemic stroke and 96 controls.Using Multiplex SNaPshot method was used to detect the genotype of MMP-9 gene rs3787268、rs3918241 and rs3918242 polymorphisms.The association between MMP-9 gene polymorphisms and risk of ischemic stroke was analyzed.Results ① There were significant differences in the genotype distribution of rs3787268 between ischemic stroke group and the controls (P=0.042).In the recessive model,the individual risk of A/A genotype was higher (OR=2.21,P=0.046) than that of the G/G+G/A genotype.② Compared with the controls,the genotype and allele distribution of rs3918242 in the ischemic stroke group were significantly different (P=0.007,P=0.038).In the dominant model,the risk of individuals carrying the T genotype was significantly elevated (OR=2.14,P=0.009) compared with individuals with the C/C genotype.③ The genotype distribution of rs3787268 polymorphisms in the LAA but not in no-LAA subgroup was significantly different from that in the controls (P =0.039).The genotype distribution and allele frequency of rs3918242 polymorphisms in the LAA subgroup were significantly different from that of the control group (P=0.009,P=0.047).There was no significant difference in the genotype distribution and allele frequency between no-LAA subtype and the control group.Conclusions The MMP-9 gene rs3918242 and rs3787268 polymorphisms may be the risk factors of ischemic stroke in Han population in the western part of Guangdong province,China.The MMP-9 gene rs3918242 and rs3787268 polymorphisms may be the risk factors of large-artery atherosclerotic stroke.

Objective To investigate the effects of physical and chemical factors in the environment for dried blood sample (DBS) preparation of neonatal screening assay.Methods A total of 60 normal and 120 positive DBS were prepared under control and 10 different conditions.Another 30 normal and 80 positive DBS were prepared under control and 7 different concentration gradients of formaldehyde.The levels of phenylalanine (Phe),glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenease (G6PD),thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and 17α-hydoxyprogesterone (17α-OHP) were tested by time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay or fluorescence assay.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software.Results Compared with the control group,the results of Phe were not significantly different (P ＞ 0.05) when the samples were dried under the formaldehyde sensitive threshold (4.62 to 6.95 ppm for 18 hours).G6PD levels were significantly lowered when the samples were dried under all the conditions except for fast cold drying (2 to 8 ℃ overnight and formaldehyde condition,0.30 to 0.38 ppm for 4 hours or 0.21 to 0.24 ppm for 18 hours).TSH and 17α-OHP levels were lowered obviously when the samples were dried under the conditions of humidity,UV and formaldehyde condition (TSH:0.32 to 0.52 ppm for 4 hours,0.38 to 0.45 ppm for 18 hours,17α-OHP:4.37 to 4.62 ppm for 4 hours,0.38 to 0.45 ppm for 18 hours).The results of Phe,G6PD,TSH and 17α-OHP were not statistically different with the control group when the samples were dried under the fast cold drying and 2 to 8 ℃ overnight.Conclusion The physical and chemical factors in the environment of DBS preparation should be related to the accuracy of neonatal disease screening closely.The necessary control factors including formaldehyde,ethanol,glacial acetic acid,ultraviolet irradiation,heat,humidity and decoration pollution may exhibit significant effects on the preparation of DBS.Fast cold drying and overnight at 2 to 8 ℃ could be available for DBS preparation.

Aim: To establish the metabolic fingerprint and profile of bioactive components in human plasma after sublingual administration of compound Danshen dripping pills. Methods: Human plasma samples were collected at different time intervals. Powerlab tension system was used to measure their ability of expanding blood vessel and column switching system was employed to purify and enrich the components of interest. Results: The plasma sample of 1.5h had the strongest ability for expanding blood vessel, and had five new peaks in the chromatogram. Conclusion: After being identified, the intensity ratio of these 5 peaks was calculated. The diagram called metabolic profile was established to link bioactive compounds with pharmacodynamic action.

Synthetic burn dressing remains the central theme for burn dressing development. The advantages and disadvantages of current available dressings were reviewed. As one of the most successful dressings, the hydrogel burn dressing, its combination with other materials and related progress in researches were presented in detail. Finally, the trend in development of synthetic burn dressing was presented.
Bandages, Hydrocolloid ; Burns ; therapy

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Death, Sudden ; etiology ; Hereditary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase ; deficiency ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mutation ; Oxo-Acid-Lyases ; genetics ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective:To analyze the correlation between simple thyroid nodule and blood lipid and glucose metabolism and iodine nutrition level.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting data of the population undergoing epidemiological investigation in Jinshan District, Shanghai from July to December 2015, to calculate the prevalence of thyroid nodules and analyze relevant functional indicators.Results:Simple thyroid nodules were detected in 603 subjects, with a prevalence of 22.6% (603/2 669). There were 358 female patients with simple thyroid nodules, with a prevalence rate of 26.9%, and 245 male patients with simple thyroid nodules, with a prevalence rate of 18.3%. The prevalence of simple thyroid nodule in female was higher than that in male, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=27.686, P<0.001). In addition, the prevalence of simple thyroid nodules increased with age (13.1% (92/704) and 20.2% (104/514) and 25.1% (145/578) and 24.4% (107/439) and 36.3% (98/270) and 34.8% (57/164), χ 2=83.872,P<0.001). In the ≤30 years group (8.0% (30/704) vs. 18.8% (62/331), χ 2=35.716, P<0.001), >30 to ≤40 years old group (14.1% (37/263) vs. 26.7% (67/251), χ 2=12.683, P<0.001), >60 to ≤70 years old group (26.2% (33/126) vs. 45.1% (65/144), χ 2=10.435, P<0.001), and the 70-year-old group (24.4% (21/86) vs. 46.2% (36/78), χ 2=8.521, P<0.001). The prevalence of simple thyroid nodules in males was lower than that in females. In the simple positive thyroid nodule group, Fasting blood glucose (5.12 (4.80, 5.69) and 5.02 (4.72, 5.48)), total cholesterol (1.24 (0.85, 1.86) and 1.13 (0.77, 1.76)), triglyceride (4.77 (4.09, 5.48) and 4.49 (3.92, 5.16)), low density lipoprotein((2.79 (2.26, 3.36) and 2.63 (2.19, 3.16)), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.41 (1.18, 1.66) and 1.35 (1.13, 1.61)) were higher than those in the negative group ( U values were 554 818, 578 468, 535 622, 556 067 and 567 960, respectively, all P<0.01). The BMI index grade distribution of thyroid nodule positive group was higher than that of negative group, and the difference was statistically significant (3.7% (77/2 066), 50.1% (1 034/2 066), 32.4% (669/2 066), 13.8% (286/2 066), 3.2% (19/603), 43.6% (263/603), 38.1% (230/603), 15.1% (91/603), χ2=9.5201, P=0.023). The prevalence of simple thyroid nodules was significantly lower in the iodized salt group than in the non-iodized salt group (20.7% (436/2 102) vs. 29.5% (167/567), χ 2=19.376, P<0.001). The urinary iodine level in the positive thyroid nodule group was significantly lower than that in the negative group (148.4(100.2, 213.7) vs. 169.5(115.4, 241.75), U=545 129.5, P<0.001). After Logistic regression screening, age ( OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.292-1.908, P<0.001), gender ( OR=1.278, 95% CI: 1.193-1.368, P<0.001), BMI grade ( OR=1.166, 95% CI: 1.022-1.330, P=0.022), total cholesterol ( OR=1.105, 95% CI: 1.005-1.214, P=0.040), iodized salt ( OR=0.689, 95% CI: 0.556-0.854, P=0.001) were independent influencing factors of thyroid nodule. Conclusion:The prevalence of simple thyroid nodules in Shanghai is relatively low. Age, sex, BMI level, total cholesterol and iodized salt are independent factors causing thyroid nodules. In addition, blood glucose level may also be related to the prevalence of thyroid nodules.