Objective:To analyze and compare the volatile oil in the leaves of Juniperus formosana Hayata from Yuzhong and Lu-qu. Methods:The volatile oil from Juniperus formosana Hayata was extracted by steam distillation, and then identified by gas chroma-tography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS) . Results:The average yield of the volatile oil from the leaves of Juniperus formosana Hayata from Yuzhong and Lugu was 0. 21% and 1. 45%(w/w), respectively. Between the two areas of the volatile oil from the leaves of Juniperas formsana, totally 40 peaks were separated from the volatile oil from Gansu with 38 ones (95%) were identified. Totally 51 peaks were separated from the volatile oil from Xizang with 47 ones (92%) were identified. The maln constituents in the former volatile oil wereα-pinene(44.92%),l-caryophyllene(9.23%),( -)-isoledene(6. 50%),a-caryophyllene(5.60%),myrcene(4.54%) and d-cadinene(3. 37%), and those in the latter were di-epi-cedrene(31. 87%),cyclohexene(15. 28%),γ-elemene(10. 05%), lanceol (5. 80%) and α-pinene(5. 79%). Conclusion:The constituents in the volatile oil in the leaves of Juniperus formosana Hayata from the two different regions are various, and the differences in the yield and compounds are notable. The method provides reference for the establishment of quality standard for Juniperus. formosana Hayata.

Objective:To establish a method to determine the content of chlorogenic acid and rutin in nettle to assess the quality of nettle.Methods:An HPLC method was used with the following chromatographic conditions:CAPCELL PAK C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used with the mixture of 0.4%phosphoric acid and methanol as the mobile phase with gradient elution , the de-tection wavelength was set at 340 nm, the flow rate was 1.0 ml· min-1 and the sample size was 10μl.Results:Chlorogenic acid with-in the range of 2.360-23.600μg · ml-1 showed a good linear relationship (r=0.999 9), and rutin within the range of 6.208-62.080μg · ml-1 showed a good linear relationship (r=0.999 9).The recovery of rutin and chlorogenic acid was 99.20% and 100.40%with RSD of 1.2%and 1.1%(n=6), respectively.Conclusion:The method is fast, effective, simple, accurate and reproducible , which can be used to quantitatively analyze chlorogenic acid and rutin in nettle .

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of calycosin-7-glucoside, genistein, formononetin and medicarpin in Radix Hedysari. Methods: The sample was refluxed with methanol in a water bath. The HPLC was performed on an SunFire C18 column(250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) with acetonitrile-0. 2% H3 PO4 as the mobile phase by gradient elution. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 and the column temperature was at 35℃. The detection wavelength was 240 nm and the sample size was 20 μl. Results:The linear range of calycosin-7-glucoside was 0.035-1.042 μg(r=0.999 6), that of genistein was 0.027-0.821 μg(r=0. 999 7), that of formononetin was 0. 031-0. 941 μg(r=0. 999 9) and that of medicarpin was 0. 025-0. 745 μg(r=0. 999 6). The average recovery of calycosin-7-glucoside, genistein, formononetin and medicarpin was 100. 32%(RSD=1. 87%), 99. 3%(RSD=1. 76%), 100. 5%(RSD=1. 48%) and 99. 2%(RSD=1. 45%)(n=6), respectively. Conclusion:The method shows short analyt-ic time, good stability and promising operation accuracy, which provides the reference for the quality control of Radix Hedysari.

AIM: To establish the method for determination of luteolin and isorhamnetin in Duyiwei Capsules (Lamiophl mis rotata(Benth.)Kudo). METHODS:Yilite-C_(18) column was used.The mobile phase was composed of methanol-water(50∶50),pH was adjusted to 3.0 with H_3PO_4.The flow rate was 0.8 mL?min~(-1) and detection wave-length was set at 360 nm. RESULTS:The linear range of Luteolin was 7.072-35.360 ?g?mL~(-1),(r=(0.999 7)) and the linear range of isorhamnetin was 1.658-8.290 ?g?mL~(-1)(r=0.999 2). The average recovery and RSD of luteolin were 96.3% and 2.7%,respectively. The average recovery and RSD of isorhamnetin were 97.3% and 2.1%,respectively. CONCLUSION:This method is sensitive,accurate and can be used for the quality study of Duyiwei Capsules.

Objective To determine the content of gentiopicroside and to evaluate the quality of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae in Gansu province.Methods The HPLC method was performed on Waters C18 column.Methanol-water(3 ∶7) were used as the mobile phase,the flow rate was at 1.0 mL?min-1 with the detection wavelength being 254 nm.Results For gentiopicroside,the linear range was 1.7352～17.3520 ?g and the average recovery was 97.06 %with RSD=2.5 %.Conclusion The content of gentiopicroside in all of the samples produced in Gansu province is higher than or approach to the standard for Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Objective To evaluate the effect of pronator teres tendon reconstructing the forearm interosseous membrane(IOM)central band on restoring the longitudinal stability of the forearm after Essex-Lopresti injury.Methods A total of ten fresh-frozen adult cadaveric forearms were loaded axially through the humeral and the distal radius.Each forearm was tested as following six steps:radial head excision,radial head plus excision of triangular fibrocartilage complex(TFCC),radial head plus TFCC plus excision of IOM central band,reconstructing central band with pronator teres tendon,metallic radial head prosthesis replacement,central band reconstruction plus radial head prosthesis replacement.The difference of the load exerted to displace the radius to the proximal for 5 mm was compared at different steps by using single-factor analysis of variance.Then,the effect of each step on restoring the forearm longitudinal stability of the forearmwas evaluated.Results There was statistical difference upon load for the radial displacement to the proximal for 5 mm in all six steps,ie,(74.51±15.17)N,(49.23±6.14)N,(17.83±4.73)N,(27.40±3.56)N,(140.25±25.39)Nand(164.21±28.26)N,respectively(P＜0.01).With migration of the radius to proximal for 5 mm,the load for pronator teres reconstruction was 55.66% of radial head plus TFCC,and the load for pronator teres reconstruction plus radial head prosthesis replacement was 559.31% of IOM reconstruction step and 333.56% of radial head excision.Conclusions Reconstruction of the central band with pronator teres tendon is insufficient to restore the longitudinal stability of the forearm after Essex-Lopresti injury.Reconstruction of the central band in combination with metallic radial head prosthesis replacement are beneficial to restoring the longitudinal stability of the forearm.

Objective To characterize 16S rRNA methylase encoding genes associated with aminoglycoaides resistance, gene cassettes of class Ⅰ integrons of the multidrug-resistant Acinetobctcter spp. The sixty one Acinetobacter isolates were collected at the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical Uni versity from July, 2007 to May, 2008. Methods Species identification was confirmed by sequence analysis of the blaOXA-51-like gene and 16S-23S rRNA gene space-region. Antimierobial susceptibility tests were performed by agar dilution method. 16S rRNA methylaae encoding genes and gene cassettes associated with integrons were amplified by PCR method. Results Among the sixty one strains, there were fifty five of Acinetobacter baumannii, three genospecies 3TU, one 13TU, one Aeinetobaeter ealcoacetieus, and one Aeinetobaeter haemolytieus. Forty eight isolates showed high-level resistance to three aminoglyeosides, including amikaein, tobramyein and gentamicin. The armA gene was found in 47 isolates and all isolates were negative for rmtA, rmtB, rmtC and rmtD genes. The Intl gene was found in 27 isolates. The gene cassettes contained arr-3, accA4,ctacCI ,catB8, aadA1 or dfrA12 genes. According to the PFGE DNA patterns, 5 distinct clones of armA-pasitive strains were identified. Clone A and Clone B were the dominant clones, widely distributed among different divisions. Condnsions 16S rRNA methylase encoding gene (armA) distributed widely in muhidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp. The armA gene is not located in class Ⅰintegron. The class Ⅰ integron carries multiple resistant genes associated with aminoglycosides and chloramphenieol resistance.PFGE analysis suggests that armA-pesitive strains are widely spread in our hospitaL Effective infection control measure should be conducted in order to control the outbreak of resistant bacteria.

ObjectiveTo investigate and compare the efficacy, safety, and cost effectiveness in the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures ( OVCFs ) with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and kyphoplasty(PKP). MethodsSeventy-two patients (96 vertebrae) with painful OVCFs were treated by PVP (n ＝34) or PKP (n ＝38) under radiological monitoring. After bone biopsy needle into the compressed vertebra, bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate) was injected in PVP group, and that was inserted followed by the inflation of vertebra to create cavities in PKP group. The fluoroscopy time, total amount of bone cement injected, and cost were recollected respectively. The score of visual analogue scale point( VAS, 10-point scale)was determined at before the procedures, and 24 hours, one week, and one month after the procedures.Pain relief and complications were observed.The Cobb angle and vertebral heights of the anterior, middle, and posterior border were measured pre-and post-operative. ResultsThe two procedures were technically successful in all patients. The follow-up ranged from 1. 0 to 34. 0 months [mean time, (8. 9 ±3.2) months]. The Mean fluoroscopy time of treating per vertebra in PVP group was ( 11. 1 ± 10. 6 ) min, which was significant shorter than that ( 23.5 ± 13. 0) min in PKP group( P ＜0. 05 ).The mean total cost per patient was (5127. 2 ± 502.3 ) yuan in PVP group, which were strikingly lower than that(32 301.4 ±3204. 6) yuan in PKP group (P ＜0. 05).(3)There was no significant difference( P ＞0. 05 ) in average cement volumes in PVP group [ (4. 9 ± 1.1 ) ml]and PKP group [ (5.4 ± 1.7 ) ml]. Pain relief of was observed in 94. 1％ (32/34) of PVP group and in 92. 1％ (35/38) of PKP group. The score of VAS at pre-operation was (8. 3 ±0. 4 vs 7.9 ±0. 8) ,and at post-operative 24 h (2. 9 ±0. 9 vs 2. 8 ± 1. 2),1 week (2.6 ± 0. 9 vs 2.6 ± 1. 1 ), and 1 month (2.6 ± 0. 9 vs 2. 5 ± 1.3 ) were no difference at PKP and PVP group(P ＜0.05). There was significant difference between pre- and post-operative time point in each group. The Cobb angle, anterior and middle height of vertebra was corrected in both PVP and PKP group. In PVP group, the preoperative Cobb angle, anterior and middle height of vertebra was (24. 2 ± 3.8 )°,( 19. 1 ± 1.4) mm, (25. 2 ± 1.0) mm, which was significant different ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) from that of ( 19.4 ±3.9)°, (21.0 ± 1.5) mm, (27.0 ± 1.2) mm at pre-operation.In PKP group,there was significant difference (P ＜ 0. 05 ) in the preoperative Cobb angle, anterior and middle height of vertebra [(25. 1 ±5.0)°vs(10.7 ±2.8)°, (19.5 ± 1.5) mm vs (24.3 ± 1.9) mm, (25.4 ± 1.1) mm vs (29.7 ±1.3) mm, respectively]. As to the above index, the overall correcting effect in PKP was much better than that in PVP( P ＜0. 05 ). Cement leakage occurred in 9 cases in PVP group and 3 cases in PKP group ( P ＜0. 05 ) but no symptoms. There were no major complications during operation in the two groups. Conclusion PVP and PKP are effective and safe in the treatment of painful OVCFs but PVP is more cost effective than PKP.

Objective To evaluate correlation of radial head fracture with forearm interosseous membrane (IOM) injury.Methods Twenty-six patients with radial head fractures were studied prospectively between September 2007 and June 2010.There were 15 men and 11 women,with an average age of 37.6years (range,21-53).According to the Mason classification,there were 7 cases of type Ⅰ,9 cases of type Ⅱ,10 cases of type ⅢL All patients were subjected to forearm X-ray,CT scans and the MR within a week.Clinical and radiographic data of all the patients were collected.Spearman rank correlation statistical analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the radial head fracture and the IOM injury.Results The radial head fractures and IOM injury were directly related.The IOM injury was noted in all type of radial head fracture.The more severity radial head fracture had,the more IOM injury happened.In Mason Ⅰ-Ⅲ fractures,IOM injury was found in 2,4 and 7 cases respectively.The different degree of radial head fracture caused different effects on IOM injury.The severity of radial head fracture was correlated with damage degree of IOM.In Mason type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ fractures,the IOM injury were just partial disruption with distal part of the IOM and did not reach the biomechanically essential central band.In type Ⅲ fractures,central band disruption was found in 3 cases.Conclusion Mason Ⅰ-Ⅲ radial head fractures are associated with forearm IOM injury.There was a positive correlation between radial head fractures and IOM injury.If IOM lesions are suspected,magnetic resonance imaging should be performed,especially Mason Ⅲ fractures.

Next-generation sequencing has yielded a vast amount of cattle genomic data for global characterization of population genetic diversity and identification of genomic regions under natural and artificial selection. However, efficient storage, querying, and visualization of such large datasets remain challenging. Here, we developed a comprehensive database, the Bovine Genome Variation Database (BGVD). It provides six main functionalities:gene search, variation search, genomic sig-nature search, Genome Browser, alignment search tools, and the genome coordinate conversion tool. BGVD contains information on genomic variations comprising ～60.44 M SNPs, ～6.86 M indels, 76,634 CNV regions, and signatures of selective sweeps in 432 samples from modern cattle worldwide. Users can quickly retrieve distribution patterns of these variations for 54 cattle breeds through an interactive source of breed origin map, using a given gene symbol or genomic region for any of the three versions of the bovine reference genomes (ARS-UCD1.2, UMD3.1.1, and Btau 5.0.1). Signals of selection sweep are displayed as Manhattan plots and Genome Browser tracks. To further investigate and visualize the relationships between variants and signatures of selection, the Genome Browser integrates all variations, selection data, and resources, from NCBI, the UCSC Genome Browser, and Animal QTLdb. Collectively, all these features make the BGVD a useful archive for in-depth data mining and analyses of cattle biology and cattle breeding on a global scale. BGVD is publicly available at http://animal.nwsuaf.edu.cn/BosVar.