The preocular tear film has recently been described as a bilaminar structure,including lipid layer and aqueous/mucin gel layer.The lipid layer has two phases,a relatively thick outer layer,containing nonpolar lipids such as wax esters,sterol esters,hydrocarbons, and triglycerides;and a thin polar inner layer,predominantly consisting of phospholipids.It s confirmed that there are differences in meibomian fatty acid composition between healthy and evaporative dry eye patients.Thus,therapies targeted at replenishing or stabilizing the lipid layer are key points to the treatment of evaporative dry eye,either as monotherapy or in conjunction with therapies designed to enhance aqueous production.

Objective To detect the levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI)-1,tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA),urokinase-type plasminogen activator(u-PA)and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor(u-PAR)in induced sputum in patients with asthma and analyze their clinical significances in pathogenesis of asthlna.Methods The induced sputum was isolated from 15 normal subjects(control group),29 patients with acute attack of asthma(attack group)and 26 stable asthma patients(stable group).The levels of PAl-1,t-PA,u-PA and u-PAR were measured by ELISA.Meanwhile FEV1%pred of all groups were evaluated.Results The levels of PAI-1 and u-PAR of induced sputum were significandy higher in at-tack group[(23.32±21.64),(0.766±0.272)μg/L]and stable group[(17.23±9.40),(0.700±0.271)μg/L]than those in control group[(5.99±5.04),(0.516±0.197)μg/L](P＜0.05).As for the induced sputum concentrations of u-PA and t-PA,there were no significant differences among the attack group[(0.287±0.235),(7.68±3.46)μg/L],stable group[(0.251±0.276),(9.88±4.68)μg/L]and control group[(0.239±0.322),(10.35±7.47)μg/L].In stable group,the level of PAI-1 had a negative correlation with the FEV1%pred(r=-0.756,P＜0.01).In stable group,the level of PAI-1 had a positive correlation with the length of disease course(r=0.454,P＜0.05).Conclusion PAI-1 and u-PAR maybe involved in pathophysiologic change of asthma.

Objective To know the blood level and the influencing factors for the children living in the area near highway in the mountain region. Methods From December,2006 to April,2007,one hundred and eighteen children aged 8-12 years (exposed group) living in the area near highway in the mountain region and fifty-one children aged 8-12 years (control group) living in the area far away from the highway were selected by random cluster sampling. Lead level of the soil and crops on the highway-sides (pollution area)and the area far away from the highway (control area) was determined. The basic situation was investigated by the questionnaire, the blood lead level was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The influence of lead on children's intelligence, physical growth and the influencing factors for blood lead level were analyzed. Results The average lead level of the soil [(96.89?15.05) mg/kg] and crops [(0.86?0.29) mg/kg] in the polluted area was significantly higher compared with the control [soil lead: (29.83?1.41)mg/kg,crops lead:(0.17?0.03) mg/kg], and revealed statistical significance respectively (P

Objective To investigate the body burden of lead and the related health effects in the residents living on the highway-sides of the mountain areas in Fujian province,China.Methods Eighty-nine subjects living nearby the highway-sides(exposed group) and 69 subjects far away from the highway(control group) were recruited by stratified random sampling method.Their basic situation and relevant index were investigated with questionnaire;The lead levels of blood and urine were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method and compared;The temperature,pulse rate and blood pressure were taken to analyze the related health effects;and the influence factors of blood lead levels were analyzed by single factor analysis method,rank correlation analysis method and multiple regression analysis method.Results The blood and urine lead level of exposure group([94.19 26.51),(15.36?7.67)?g/L ]were significantly higher than that of the control group[(62.83?13.33),(7.24?4.62) ?g/L;t=8.981 0、7.766 2,P

Objective To examine the white matter microstructure alternations in the patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) with diffusion weighted imaging.Methods 19 patients with GAD and 20 matched healthy controls were assessed using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and exponential apparent diffusion coefficient (eADC) in the regions of interests (ROIs) approach.The ROIs were the white matter of bilateral cingulate and bilateral hippocampus.Results Significantly increased ADC values were found in GAD patients (0.78±0.02,0.79±0.03) with respect to normal controls in the right and left anterior cingulate white matter.Significantly decreased eADC values were found in GAD patients (0.46±0.01,0.45±0.01) in the right and left anterior cingulate white matter.Conclusion Diffuse cingulate white matter alterations on DWI in GAD denote the disruption of white matter integrity.

Objective To characterize 15 months later the quality of life (QOL) and depression of those with spinal cord injury (SCI) suffered during the Wenchuan earthquake,and to identify the influence factors.MethodsA sample of 27 individuals who sustained SCI during the Wenchuan earthquake were surveyed using face- to-face interviews.QOL was measured using the brief version of the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Assessment instrument.Depression was measured using the patient health questionnaire depression module 9.Stepwise multiple linear regression was employed to determine the factors most closely related with QOL and depression. ResultsStepwise linear regression showed a significant correlation of overall QOL with literacy and age.The younger or illiterate victims showed a lower overall QOL.General health was also associated with ability in the activities of daily living and with pain.Victims with better daily ability and less pain may have had better general health.Depression correlated with literacy and secondary condition.Illiterate patients or patients influenced more by a secondary condition displayed more serious depression than the others.Additionally,social participation was significantly associated with the physical health,psychological health and social relationships domains of QOL.ConclusionThe QOL of long-term SCI victims caused by the earthquake is closely related to age,literacy,pain,participation and physical independence.Depression is associated with illiteracy and secondary conditions.Attention should be paid to these correlations in designing long-term rehabilitation strategies.

Objective To study the feature of brain functional in front gyrus,anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus of patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).Methods 19 patients with GAD and 20 healthy volunteers were scanned on brain using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H-MRS).The levels of Choline (Cho),Creatine (Cr),N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) were measured in the frontal gyrus,anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus of all subjects.The 1H-MRS data were compared between two groups.Results Compared with the healthy matched control,the levels of Cho (7.22 ± 1.99),Cr (5.44 ± 1.68),NAA (12.09 ±2.30)in right frontal gyrus white matter,the levels of Cho(9.89 ±2.40),Cr(8.59 ± 1.71) in right anterior cingulate cortex and the levels of NAA in left anterior cingulate cortex were significantly high (P ＜ 0.05).The ratio of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr were not difference in two groups.In the hippocampus of the patients,the Cho,Cr,NAA,NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratio were not significantly higher or lower than those in control (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The brain substance metabolisms of the patients with GAD are abnormal and asymmetrical between left and right brain,especially occurred in right brain.

Objective:To observe the hypoglycemic effects of Cortex Lycii Radicis (CLR) on alloxan induced diabetic mice.Methods:The alloxan induced diabetic mice were given drug decoction of CLR[2.5g/(kg?d) -1 , or 5.0g/(kg?d) -1 )] for successive 2 weeks, The blood sugar level was determined with GOD method.Results:There were remarkedly differences in the levels of blood sugar between before and after treatment of various groups. ( P

Objective To explore the effectiveness of the timed up and go test (TUGT) and the maximum walking speed test (MWST) in evaluating stroke patients' motor function.Methods Twenty-two stroke patients were assessed using the TUGT and MWST,and the temporal-spatial parameters of their gait were also assessed.The correlations among the TUGT times,walking speed and the gait parameters were quantified using Pearson correlation coefficients.Results The TUGT time was (18.57±7.41) s,significantly correlated with step length and velocity (P＜0.05).Walking speed showed a significant positive correlation with step length,velocity and step length (P＜ 0.05).The TUGT times were negatively correlated with walking speed (r=-0.712,P=0.000).Conclusion The MWST and TUGT both can assess stroke patients' motor function effectively.

Objective To evaluate the dual blood supply of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma using dualinput perfusion CT.Methods A total of 40 patients confirmed with lung cancer pathologically underwent CT perfusion (CTP) scanning.The pulmonary flow (PF),bronchial flow (BF),perfusion index (PI,PI=PF/[PF+BF])and tumor volume,location were measured and recorded by 2 experienced radiologists.The differences in CTP parameters between lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas,the central lung cancers and peripheral lung cancers were analyzed.The correlation between the tumor volume and CTP parameters was analyzed.Interobserver agreements were assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).Results The average of PF,BF and PI of all 40 cases was (54.26± 21.07)ml/ (min · 100 ml),(64.41±22.06)ml/(min · 100 ml) and (43.38±16.07)％,respectively.Tumor histology was consistent with adenocarcinomas in 23 cases and squamous cell carcinomas in 17 cases,lung adenocarcinomas showed lower PI than that of squamous cell carcinomas (t=-2.196,P=0.034).There were 17 peripheral lung cancers and 23 central lung cancers,and the PI of the peripheral lung cancers was higher than that of the central lung cancer (t=2.305,P=0.027).No statistically significant differences were found for BF and PF between two types of lung cancers and central lung cancers and the peripheral cancers (all P＞0.05).Tumor volume was negatively associated with PI (r =-0.39,P=0.01).Good agreement was found between the two observers,the ICC for BF,PF and PI was 0.97,0.93 and 0.91,respectively.Conclusion Dual-input CTP technique can be used to evaluate the differences of blood supply between different pathological types and locations of lung cancer,with PI depending both on tumor size and location.