Objective To observe the influence of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH4-10) in the changes of podocyte proliferation,apoptosis and expression of nephrin and podocin on adriamycin (ADR)-induced podocyte injury and investigate the protective effect of ACTH4-10.Methods All podocytes were randomly divided into following groups:normal control,ADR-induced group and ACTH4-10 intervention group (low,middle and high concentration).Normal control group was not treated,ADR-induced group was induced to set the model of podocyte injury by ADR (1 μmol/L) for 24 hours and ACTH4-10 intervention groups were intervened by 1 μg/L,10 μg/L and 100 μg/L ACTH4-10 for 1 hours respectively,prior to setting the model of podocyte injury.Cell counting kit (CCK-8) was used to detect the multiplication of podocytes and TUNEL apoptosis detection kit was used to detect podocyte apoptosis.Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to examine the expression of nephrin and podocin.Results Compared with control group,podocyte proliferation and expression of nephrin and podocin was decreased significantly in ADR-induced group (P ＜ 0.05),meanwhile podocyte apoptosis was increased obviously (38.14％ vs 5.12％).Compared with ADR-induced group,podocyte proliferation and expression of nephrin and podocin was increased generally with concentration of ACTH4-10.Although podocyte apoptosis rates (20.45％,17.39％,11.02％) were increased in ACTH4-10 intervention group (low,middle and high concentration) while comparing with normal control group,podocyte apoptosis decreased obviously while comparing with ADR-induced group.Conclusions ACTH4-10 can stabilize the expression of nephrin and podocin on slid diaphragm,and has the protective effect on podocyte injury induced by ADR,while the effect depends on the concentration of ACTH4-10.

Objective To investigate the application effect of zoledronic acid on PKP after osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Methods According to different treatment methods, 80 cases of patients from January 2015 to January 2017 in Xi'an City, Hong hui Red Cross hospital diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures parallel PKP were divided into two groups. The patients in the control group were not treated with zoledronic acid, and the patients in the observation group were treated with zoledronic acid.The treatment effect and adverse reaction rate were compared between two groups. Results The treatment effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group, and the improvement of the clinical symptoms of the observation group was better than that of the control group, and the incidence of adverse reactions was lower than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The effect of zoledronic acid treatment on osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures after PKP is remarkable, which can effectively improve the patients' clinical symptoms, less adverse reactions, is widely used in clinical osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures after PKP holds.

Objective To observe whether appropriate intermittent exercise at the ischemic threshold can safely promote collateral circulation in an ischemic area of the myocardium through the increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and its receptor fetal liver kinase-1(Fik-1). Methods A balloon constrictor was surgically implanted in the first obtuse marginal coronary artery(OM1)of miniature pigs.The subjects were divided into 3 groups:a sham-operation group,a pure ischemia group,and an exercise training group.Subjects in the exercise training group performed individualized treadmill programs 30 min daily,5 d per week,for 8 weeks,including 2 two-minute episodes of exercise-induced ischemia.Two pre-exercise episodes of pure ischemia induced by brief OM1 occlusion were also conducted.Only pure ischemia was induced in the pure ischemia group,and the sham-operation group remained sedentary for the experimental period.Relative myocardial blood flow(RMBF)was measured using microspheres.VEGF and Flk-1 expression levels were measured by Western blotting and real time RT-PCR analyses.Cardiac troponin I(ctnI)levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Light and electron microscopy were employed to examine myocardia damage in the ischemic area.Results RMBFs in the exercise training group were significantly higher than those in the pure ischemia and sham-operation groups. RMBFs in the pure ischemia group were significantly higher than those in the sham-operation group.The expression of VEGF and Flk-1 proteins and mRNAs in the exercise training group were significantly higher than those in the pure ischemia and sham-operation groups,and the levels in the pure ischemia group were also significantly higher than those in the sham-operation group.After training,no myocardial damage and no ctnI increase was observed in the pure ischemia group.Microscopy revealed no obvious structural changes. Conclusion Intermittent exercise at the isehemia threshold intension can safely promote coronary collateral formation through upregulation of VEGF and Flk-1 expression in the ischemic myocardial area of a porcine model.

AIM: To study the cell apoptosis and the change of microstructure and ultrastructure in epididymis with experimental varicocele (EVC) in rats. METHODS: Experimental varicocele model was induced by partial ligation of the left renal vein in adolescent Sprague-Dawley Wistar rats. Apoptotic cells were detected by in situ terminal deoxynucleotityl transferase-mediated dTUP nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique. The corpus epididymis of the rats was prepared for light and electron microscopic observation. The microstructure and ultrastructure of the epididymis were studied. RESULTS: There was certain proportion of apoptosis cells in epididymis cells in control rats. The incidence of apoptosis increased remarkably in experimental group than that in control group (P

BACKGROUND:A novel biodegradable Mg-Zn alloy has been designed,in which the density and the Young's modulus are proximal to human bone,at the same time,it depletes the toxicity of aluminium and rare earth element in commercial magnesium alloys.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cytocompatibility of biodegradable Mg-Zn alloy.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Contrast study was performed in the central laboratory of the Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University between November 2007 and March 2008.MATERIALS:The Mg-6wt%Zn was prepared by School of Materials Science and Engineering of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,with the density was 1.82 g/cm3 and the Young's modulus was 44 GPa.L-929 cells for cytocompatibility test were provided by Chinese Academy of Science Type Culture Collection.Ten male New Zealand rabbits were employed in the hemolysis test.METHODS:The Mg-Zn alloy extraction medium was prepared by serial dilutions with fresh medium to 10%,50% and 100%.The experiments were carried out in a 96-well tissue-culture plate.Simple DMEM culture solution was taken as negative controls,while DMEM culture solution supplemented with 0.64% phenol served as positive controls.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Relative proliferation rate of L-929 cells was determined at 2,4 and 7 days with MTT assay.The cytotoxicity of Mg-Zn alloy was evaluated according to ISO 10993-5:1999.The L-929 cell morphology and growth at 2,4 and 7 days were determined under inverted microscope.Based on ISO 10993-4:2002,hemolysis in vitro was evaluated through measuring erythrocyte lysis and ferrohemoglobin freeing degree with indirect contact method.RESULTS:The number of L-929 cells increased significantly and the morphology was not changed.The growth and morphology of cells in different Mg-Zn extraction medium had no difference from negative control group.Cytotoxicity test showed that biodegradable Mg-Zn alloy did not have obvious toxicity on L-929 cells,and the cytotoxicity of these extracts was in grade 0-1.Hemolysis test suggested that the Mg-Zn alloys did not have obvious hemolysis reaction,and the hemolysis index was 3.4%,which was less than the national standard (5%).CONCLUSION:The Mg-Zn alloys do not have obvious cytotoxicity and hemolysis reaction,which demonstrate that Mg-Zn alloys have good cytocompatibility.

Objective To investigate the degradation of dicalcium phosphate dehydrate-coated Mg-Zn alloy in vivo and bone formation. Methods Left femoral condyles were drilled in 72 New Zealand rabbits, and were randomly divided into experiment group (n＝24, implanted with dicalcium phosphate dehydrate-coated Mg-Zn alloy rods), Mg-Zn alloy control group (n＝24, implanted with Mg-Zn alloy rods) and poly-L-lactide acid rod group (n＝24, implanted with poly-L-lactide acid rods). Serum concentrations of Mg~(2+) were examined 1 d pre-operation, and 1 d, 1 week, 2 weeks, 5 weeks and 10 weeks post-operation in experiment group and Mg-Zn alloy control group. Operation sites were examined by X-rays at 3, 6, 12 and 18 weeks post-operation. After X-ray examination at each time point, 6 rabbits in each group were sacrificed, and subjected to histopathological observation of live and kidney tissues by HE staining. Tissues from condyles of femur were observed by HE staining and 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol rosein staining, and mineral apposition rate of bone was calculated. Results There was no significant difference in the concentrations of serum Mg~(2+) at each time point between Mg-Zn alloy control group and experiment group (P>0.05). X-ray examination revealed gas emerged near the implants 3 weeks after surgery in Mg-Zn alloy control group. However, there was no obvious histological abnormality in liver and kidney tissues. The mineral apposition rate was higher and the degradation of material was lower in experiment group than those in the other two groups. Conclusion Dicalcium phosphate dehydrate-coated Mg-Zn alloy has a favourable biocompatibility, and degrades more slowly in vivo.

Objective To evaluate the health-related quality of life ( HRQL) of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis ( AIS) before treatment. Methods Sixty-two female patients with AIS were evaluated using the Chinese version of Scoliosis Research Society's outcomes instrument 22 ( SRS-22) HRQL questionnaire before treatment. The patients were categorized into thFee groups: a mild deformity group with a major curve Cobb angle less than 30° ( n =14),a moderate deformity group with Cobb angles of 30° to 50° ( n =42), and a severe deformity group with Cobb angles more than 50° ( n =6). Results The severe deformity group scored lowest in the self-image domain.There was,however,no significant difference in the functional activity,pain or mental health domain scores between the three groups. Conclusions The Chinese version of the SRS-22 HRQL questionnaire can be used to assess the HRQL of Chinese AIS patients.AIS patients with a major curve Cobb angle more than 50° have relatively low self-image scores.

Objective To investigate the influence factors of periprostatic nerve block (PNB) anaesthesia.Methods A total of 375 patients who underwent prostate biopsy under PNB were analyzed retrospectively from July 2014 to February 2018.It was evaluated the correlation of the anesthetic efficacy of PNB with age,prostate volume,PSA,body mass index,spouse,degree of education,occupation,diabetes history,operation time,number of cores and clinical stage.A visual analog scale (VAS) were used to assess pain of the patients.Univariate analysis was performed for each factor.Factors found to be significantly different that were further analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis.Results The average VAS score of all patients was 2.5 ± 1.4.Univariate analysis showed that the following factors were associated with the anesthetic efficacy of PNB:age (F =2.262,P =0.029),prostate volume (F =2.529,P =0.011),occupation (F =2.203,P =0.042),operation time (F =2.233,P =0.033),number of cores (F =2.401,P =0.016) and diabetes history (F =2.271,P =0.027).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that prostate volume (t =3.742,P ＜ 0.001),number of cores (t =4.252,P ＜ 0.001) and diabetes history (t =-2.242,P =0.032) were independent factors.The VAS score of patients with large volume prostate was higher than that of small volume prostate.The number of cores was high,and the VAS score was higher.However,diabetic patients had lower VAS score.Conclusions The anesthetic efficacy of PNB was poor in patients with larger prostate volume and more number of cores.However,patients with chronic diabetes had better pain tolerance.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of umbilical cord milking (UCM) on neonatal outcomes after cesarean section.Methods:Chinese and English databases (including CNKI, Wanfang, China Biology Medicine Disc, VIP, Yiigle, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) and ClinicalTrials.gov were retrieved from the inception to July 2023. Randomized controlled trials regarding UCM in neonates from different races who were born by cesarean section were included. The outcomes were postnatal hemoglobin level, hematocrit value, peak serum bilirubin level, phototherapy, cord blood pH value, intraventricular hemorrhage, death, polycythemia, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, and Apgar score. The risk of bias among the included studies was confined to low or possible risk according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool 2.0. RevMan5.3 was used for meta-analysis, and subgroup analysis was performed among neonates with different gestational ages. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the grades of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) framework.Results:A total of 11 articles involving 2 347 neonates (1 322 full-term and 1 025 preterm infants) were included. Meta-analysis results showed that: (1) Compared with the immediate cord clamping, UCM increased the hemoglobin level within 24 h and 48-72 h after birth ( MD=1.40, 95% CI: 1.11-1.70, Z=9.32; MD=0.86, 95% CI: 0.69-1.02, Z=10.02, both P<0.01), hematocrit value within 24 h and 48-72 h after birth ( MD=2.73, 95% CI: 0.18-5.29, Z=2.09, P=0.04; MD=3.57, 95% CI: 2.29-4.85, Z=5.46, P<0.01). However, no significant differences were found in the peak bilirubin level, phototherapy, cord blood pH, and Apgar score at 1 and 5 min (all P>0.05). (2) Compared with delayed cord clamping, UCM increased the hemoglobin level ( MD=0.83, 95% CI: 0.75-0.91, Z=20.11, P<0.01) and hematocrit value ( MD=2.34, 95% CI: 1.25-3.43, Z=4.20, P<0.01) within 24 h after birth, but not in the hematocrit value at 48-72 h after birth ( MD=－0.38, 95% CI:－2.27-1.52, Z=0.39, P=0.70) or the peak bilirubin level ( MD=－0.65, 95% CI:－2.16-1.04, Z=0.69, P=0.49). Sensitivity analysis showed that for full-term neonates born by cesarean section, the peak bilirubin level in the UCM group was significantly lower than that in the delayed cord clamping group ( MD=－1.30, 95% CI:－2.26-0.34, Z=2.66, P<0.01). Still, the incidence of phototherapy, intraventricular hemorrhage (grade Ⅰ-Ⅳ), death, polycythemia, neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, and Apgar score at 1 min and 5 min showed no statistical differences (all P>0.05). Conclusions:UCM could increase the short-term postnatal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in neonates born by cesarean section, which might prevent neonatal anemia in the short term without increasing the adverse neonatal outcomes. Little effects were observed on the peak bilirubin level, phototherapy, polycythemia, etc. More high-quality and large-sample randomized controlled trials are needed in the future.

With the rapid development of organ transplantation in China,the donation after cardiac death (DCD) donor organs are widely used.However,the quality of these organs is relatively poor,so the way to preserve and maintain organ still remains a severe problem.Among them,ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) impairs the organs severely.Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) protects organs from stress conditions,including ischemia-reperfusion injury,and the activation and autophagy inhibition also protects the organs from stress conditions as well.Recent studies showed that ALDH2 can regulate autophagy to inhibit the organ injury during ischemia-reperfusion.Our study aims to discuss the new findings in this mechanism.