OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Turkish galls extract (TGE) on the expression of IgA in serum,urine and renal tissue of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) model rats.METHODS Fifty healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group,IgAN model group,and TGE 75,150 and 300 mg· kg-1 groups,10 rats per group.The model of IgAN rats was established with bovine serum albumin (BSA)+lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+carbon tetrachlorid (CCl4)for 12 weeks.From the 13th week,TGE was ig administrated once a day for 4 weeks.At the end of the 12th and 16th weeks,24 h urine protein was measured by BCA method.At the end of the 16th week,serum and urinary IgA levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),serum creatinine(SCR) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer,and the renal pathological changes were evaluated with an Oxford classification scoring system.The deposition of IgA immune complex in the kidney was observed by immunofluorescence assay.RESULTS At the end of 12th week,24 h urine protein increased in all IgAN groups (P＜0.05),compared with normal control group.At the end of 16th week,24 h urine protein,IgA content in serum and urine,SCr and BUN content in serum,score in Oxford classification of renal tissue and deposition of IgA immune complex in the kidney in IgAN model group were all higher than in normal control group (P＜0.05).Compared with IgAN model group,24 h urine protein,IgA content in serum and urine and SCr content in serum were decreased in all TGE groups (P＜0.05),and BUN content in serum and deposition of IgA immune complex in the kidney decreased in TGE 150 and 300 mg·kg-1 groups (P＜0.05).The score in Oxford classification of renal tissue was decreased in TGE 300 mg· kg-1 group only.CONCLUSION TGE has curative effect on IgAN model rats by reducing serum and urinary IgA and decreasing IgA immune complex deposition.

OBJECTIVE:To supply the reference for benchmarking framework of unit dose dispensing(UDD).METHODS:To introduce the running module and the training mode for UDD pharmacists of the UDD management mode,and the working quality was controlled using 6? management pattern.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The benchmarking framework of UDD is feasible in practice and it can help guarantee dispensing accuracy,improve the quality of pharmaceutical care.

Objective To develop a BP26 recombinant BCG (rBCG-BP26) vaccine,and to observe the effects of rBCG-BP26 on CD4+,CD8+ T cells in immunized mice.Methods The recombinant shuttle vector pMV261-Ag85B-BP26 was constructed by using traditional molecular biological technology.The recombinant strains were obtained by kanamycin resistance screening and PCR identification after electroporation.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of recombinant BP26 vaccine in immunized mice.Safety experiment was carried out in three different groups:the target experiment(rBCG-BP26) group,the positive control(BCG) group and the negative control(PBS) group,15 BALB/c mice in each group.Intradermal inoculations of 100 μl rBCG-BP26 [containing 106 colony forming units(CFU)],BCG,and PBS were carried out,respectively.Signs of mice in each group were observed.After immunization for 10,20,30,and 40 days,body weight was weighed,and tail blood was collected to observe the change of peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by flow cytometry.Results The rBCG-BP26 was successfully constructed.The expression of BP26 protein was detected in the liquid medium and the bacteria cells.The results of safety test analysis showed that there were no significant differences in signs and body weights(F=2.468,0.331,1.520,0.739,all P＞ 0.05),between PBS group[ (19.24 ± 0.54),(21.37 ± 0.66),(22.83 ± 0.62),(25.06 ± 0.37)g],BCG group[ (19.90 ± 0.02),(21.53 ± 1.57),(21.95 ± 0.55),(24.70 ± 0.39)g]and rBCG-BP26 group[ (19.16 ± 0.55 ),(20.89 ± 0.20),(22.15 ± 0.76),(24.60 ± 0.64)g].The results of flow cytometry showed that the percentages of CD4+ T cell level were lower in BCG group(26.70％,33.07％) and rBCG-BP26 group( 13.40％,26.70％) than that of the PBS group(33.85％,29.33％) and the values of CD4+/CD8+ T cells increased in rBCG-BP26 group (0.69％,1.27％,1.57％,1.70％ ) 10,20 and 30 days after immunization.Conclusions Recombinant BCG-BP26 vaccine strain can express brucella BP26 protein efficiently.Furthermore,its virulence is mild,and it can activate CD4+,CD8+ T cells in the body.It can be used as one of candidate vaccine strain against brucellosis.

0.05).The positive rate of Uu in biovar 2 show a significant difference(P0.05).(2)The fallopian tubes infected by biovar2 have a high rate(90%)of ciliary adhesion and exuviation.While there is a low rate(10%)for biovarl with ciliary adhesion and exuviation.There was significant difference between the two groups of Uu (P

Objectives To explore a better inhibitory effect of concentration and time of Celastrol on migration of HepG2 cells. Methods HepG2 cells were planted and cultured in 6-well plates. When the adherent cell density reached 70%-80%, cell migration was manufactured by scratch experiment model. Then, cell morphology and cell migration were observed under microscope with different concentrations of Celastrol 5, 1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.01μmol/L and DMSO at 0, 6, 12, 24 h. They were pictured and rates of cell migration and inhibition ratios of all groups were calculated. Results Celastrol inhibited HepG2 cell migration, and its inhibitory effect on the migration velocity was concentration-dependent in a certain range. The higher the concentration of Celastrol, the stronger effect is. Celastrol of the same concentration at different times had different inhibitory effect on cell migrationof HepG2 cells (P<0.05). Celastrol of different concentrations at the same time had different inhibitory effects on cell migration of HepG2 cells (P<0.05);Celastrol of high concentration cause dsevere changes in the cell morphology. Conclusion Celastrol of high concentration causes changes in the cell morphology and cell apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Celastrol inhibits HepG2 cell migration, which is dependent on the concentration and action time. The inhibitory effect of Celastrol on HepG2 cell migration is most obvious under final concentration of 5μmol/L at 6 h.

This study aims to investigate the virological impact of the stalk region and cysteine (C) in neuraminidase (NA) of influenza A/Anhui/1/05 (H5N1) and A/Ohio/07/2009 (H1N1) viruses. The NA of A/ Anhui/1/05 (H5N1), defined as AH N1, lacked 20 amino acids (including C, defined as s20) as compared with NA of A/Ohio/07/2009 (H1N1) (defined as 09N1). We deleted s20 of 09N1 to construct 09N1-s20, and inserted s20 into AH N1 to construct AH N1+s20. To investigate the impact of C on the biological function of NA, we deleted C in 09N1 to construct 09N1-C and inserted C into AH N1 to construct AH N1-C. The pseudo-type viral particle (pp) system was used to evaluate the impact of these mutants on virology. The combination of 09N1-C and 09H1 (defined as 09H1::09N1-C) showed an infectivity 8 times that of the wild type 09H1::09N1, while the infectivity of the combination of AH N1+C and AH H5 (defined as AH H5::AH N1+C) was much lower than that of the wild type AH H5::AH N1. The infectivity of the combination of 09N1-s20 and 09H1 (defined as 09H1::09N1-s20) was 4 times that of the wild type 09H1::09N1; the infectivity of the combination of AH N1+s20 and AH H5 (defined as AH H5:: AH N1+s20) was 1/7 that of the wild type AH H5::AH N1. The co-existence of 09N1-C and AH H5 displayed 6 times the infectivity of AH H5::09N1, while the infectivity of 09H1::AH N1+C was very low. Multimer analysis showed that in the wild type 09N1, the forms of NA were dimer > tetramer > monomer; the major component of NA in 09N1-C was monomer; in 09N1-s20, the forms of NA were monomer > dimer. AH N1 was mainly composed of monomer; in AH N1+s20, the forms of NA were dimer > monomer > tetramer; in AH N1+C, the forms of NA were dimer > tetramer. Deletion of C or s20 from 09N1 did not change the expression of NA. The study suggested that deletion of C from the stalk region of NA in A/Ohio/07/2009 (H1N1) increases infectivity. Insertion of C into NA's stalk region of A/ Anhui/1/05 (H5N1) significantly decreases infectivity. Cysteine deletion in the stalk region is important for the infectivity of A/Anhui/1/05 (H5N1) and A/Ohio/07/2009 (H1N1). It may interfere with the infectivity via changes in NA polymerization.
Amino Acid Motifs ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; chemistry ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; chemistry ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human ; virology ; Neuraminidase ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Virulence

Objective:To investigate the expression of inducible costimulatory ( ICOS) and inducible costimulatory ligand ( ICOSL) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs ) and their clinical relationship with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) patients.Methods:Peripheral blood samples were collected from 85 RA patients and 50 HC in this study.Expression of ICOS and ICOSL on PBMC from the subjects were detected by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction( RT-PCR).The alteration of ICOS and ICOSL were observed after hormone therapy in 15 patients with RA and the relationship between their expression level and patients′clinical manifestations were analysed.Results:The ICOS and ICOSL mRNA level of RA patients′PBMCs were significantly higher than that in HC.The expression level of ICOS on CD4+T cells was higher than than that in HC[(7.08±4.72)% vs (3.01+1.39)%,P<0.0001].The expression of ICOSL on monocytes[(5.77±3.45)%vs (3.64±1.43)%,P<0.05] and B cells [(5.78± 4.52)%vs (3.97±1.63)%,P<0.05] were significantly elevated in RA patients.In RA patients with active disease,however,ICOSL expression on monocytes and B cells were increased as compared with those in inactive RA patients [ ( 5.45 ±3.50 )% vs ( 4.04 ± 1.55)%,P=0.036],[(6.59 ±5.74)%vs (5.63±4.30)%,P=0.016].Furthermore,after receiving immunosuppressive therapy, the expressions of ICOS and ICOSL were notably reduced as compared with pre-therapy levels on PBMCs from patients [ ( 5.45 ±3.50)%vs (4.04±1.55)%,P=0.036],[(6.59 ±5.74)%vs (5.63±4.30)%,P=0.016].Conclusion:The high levels of ICOS and ICOSL expression were closely correlated with the degree of disease and therapeutic response,suggesting that ICOS/ICOSL pathway may play a critical role in pathogenesis of RA.

Objective To explore the optimal diagnosis and treatment strategy of tumors at the foramen magnum,the clinical characteristics were analyzed retrospectively.Methods The clinical data of 58 cases with foramen magnum tumors treated with microsurgery in our department were collected and analyzed retrospectively.And intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring was employed in later 21 cases.Results Gross total resection was achieved in 48 of the 58 cases ; Five of the 10 patients with VA encased by tumors were totally resected.Full resection was achieved in 43 of the last 48 cases.Forty-three of the 47 cases with intradural tumors got complete resection,and total resection was achieved in 3 and 2,respectively,in 9 intra-extradural communicated tumors and 2 extradural ones.Symptoms were significantly improved in 50 cases,worsened in 5 patients,and maintained stable in the last 3 patients.Post-operative symptoms were obviously improved in the later 21 cases with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring employed and the therapeutic effect of the treatment was much better than the former cases.Three patients died postoperatively.Fifty cases got complete follow-up from 6 months to 3 years.Among them,forty-four patients had a KPS score of 80-100,but the other 6 patients less than 80.Conclusion Microsurgical treatment for foramen magnum tumors is effective.Optimal surgical approaches and precise micro-operative techniques are crucial for the tumor removing.It is quite difficult and risky to fully resect the intra-extradural communicated tumors and the ones encasing vertebral artery.Preoperative evaluation should be profound.The application of intra-operative electrophysiological monitoring and the timely management of post-operative complications can improve the prognosis obviously.

Research on the association between maternal periodontal disease and the risk of preeclampsia has generated inconsistent results. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between maternal periodontal disease and the risk of preeclampsia. A literature search of PubMed and Embase was performed to identify relevant papers published before March 2013. Only observational studies that assessed maternal periodontal disease and the risk of preeclampsia were selected. Patients' periodontal status was examined at different time points during pregnancy or after delivery (at 14-32 weeks of gestation, within 48 h prior to or within 5 days after delivery). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for cases and controls. Cases were defined as women with concurrent hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Eleven studies involving 1118 women with preeclampsia and 2798 women without preeclampsia were identified and analyzed. Women with periodontal disease before 32 weeks of gestation had a 3.69-fold higher risk of developing preeclampsia than their counterparts without periodontal disease (OR=3.69; 95% CI=2.58-5.27). Periodontal disease within 48 h prior to delivery was associated with a 2.68-fold higher risk of preeclampsia (OR=2.68; 95% CI=1.39-5.18). Pregnant women with periodontal disease within 5 days after delivery had a 2.22-fold higher risk of preeclampsia than women without periodontal disease (OR=2.22; 95% CI=1.16-4.27). In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that maternal periodontal disease is an independent predictor of preeclampsia.