Objective To find out the distribution characteristics of drinking water with high arsenic in Dali Prefecture, Yunnan. Methods General investigation plus sampling survey was adopted in the city of Dali and 11 counties. The arsenic content in water was tested by half-quantitative fast reagent-box method. The water samples exceeding the standard(≥0.03 mg/L) were re-tested by silver diethyldithiocarbamate eolorimetric method or mercury-atomic fluorescence spectrometric method. Population and children exposed by high-arsenic were statistically analyzed. Results Arsenic content in 15 180 samples from 2639 villages are screened, of which 14 976 samples were less than 0.01 mg/L, reaching 98.66% (14 976/15 180); 110 samples was no less than 0.05 mg/L, only accounting for 0.72%(110/15 180). Water sources with excessive arsenic was found in 29 villages, in a percentage of 1.1% of all covered villages(29/2639). The samples were constituted of 10 399 portions of well water(well was less than 10 m deep), 3903 from spring, 93 from river water, 69 from hot spring water, 26 from reservoir water and 690 from surface water. And for the samples which arsenic content were ≥0.05 mg/L, 89 samples(0.86%, 89/10 399) were from well water, 15 from spring water(0.38%, 15/3903) and 6 from spring water(8.70%, 6/69). A total of 1 561 553 individuals were investigated, in a percentage of 67.83%(1 561 553/2 302 156) of the whole population, among those 420 513 were children, rating 26.93% of the investigated population(420 513/1 561 553); 27 865 were exposed to arsenic, accounting for 1.78% of the investigated population 27 865/1 561 553; 8993 children were exposed, rating 2.14% of the investigated population(8993/420 513). Conclusions There exists high-arsenic water resources in Dali Prefecture, Yunan, so the local inhabitants are in the danger of high-arsenic exposure. Urgent attention shall be paid for the endemic arsenic including investigation, prevention and control.

In order to solve the adhesion and the softening problems of traditional Chinese medicine extract during spray drying, a new method of adding dehumidified air into spray drying process was proposed, and the storage stability conditions of extract powder could be predicted. Kouyanqing extract was taken as model drug to investigate on the wet air (RH = 70%) and dry air conditions of spray drying. Under the dry air condition, the influence of the spray drying result with different air compression ratio and the spray-dried powder properties (extract powder recovery rate, adhesion percentage, water content, angle of repose, compression ratio, particle size and distribution) with 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 °C inlet temperature were studied. The hygroscopic investigation and Tg value with different moisture content of ideal powder were determined. The water activity-equilibrium moisture content (aw-EMC) and the equilibrium moisture content-Tg (EMC-Tg) relationships were fitted by GAB equation and Gordon-Taylor model respectively, and the state diagram of kouyanqing powder was obtained to guide the rational storage conditions. The study found that in the condition of dry air, the extract powder water content decreased with the increase of air compression ratio and the spray drying effect with air compression ratio of 100% was the best performance; in the condition of wet air, the extract powder with high water content and low yield, and the value were 4.26% and 16.73 °C, while, in the dry air condition the values were 2.43% and 24.86 °C with the same other instru- ment parameters. From the analysis of kouyanqing powder state diagram, in order to keep the stability, the critical water content of 3.42% and the critical water content of 0.188. As the water decreased Tg value of extract powder is the major problem of causing adhesion and softening during spray drying, it is meaningful to aid dehumidified air during the process.
Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humidity ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Powders ; Temperature

OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of Ki-67, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 in simple benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and BPH combined with prostatitis,and to evaluate the effect of inflammation on the development and progression of BPH. METHODS: All specimens were obtained from patients undergoing surgical resection of the prostate. The paraffin section of the specimens was stained with hemotoxyline and eosin, and observed under light microscope to examine the inflammation hispathological changes. Sixteen patients with simple BPH (Group A) and 42 patients with BPH combined with prostatitis (Group B) were included. Immunohistochemical analysis and Western blot were used to examine the expression of Ki-67, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3. RESULTS: The expression of Ki-67 and Bcl-2 was significantly higher in Group B than that in Group A (P<0.05), and caspase-3 expression was significantly lower (P<0.05). There was no difference in Bax expression between the 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Prostatitis can up-regulate Ki-67, Bcl-2 expression, and down-regulate the expression of caspase-3 in BPH. Prostatitis appeared to play an important role in the development of BPH by affecting the proliferation and apoptosis of the prostatic cells.
Aged ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; biosynthesis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; metabolism ; Prostatitis ; complications ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; biosynthesis ; Up-Regulation ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; biosynthesis

Objective To explore the clinical outcome of improved technique of Gamma nail in the treatment of intertrochanteric hip fracture of the elderly patients. Methods From March 2002 to October 2006.39 patients with intertrochanteric hip fracture were operated by improved technique of Gam-ma nail.There were 18 males and 21 females at average age of75.7 years(67_98 years).There were 6 patients with type A1 fracture,24 with type A2 fracture and 9 with type A3 fracture according to AO/ASIF classification.Of all.36 patients(92.3%)had osteoporosis.The operation improvements included the following points:(1)The patients were placed at the lateral decubitus position with the fractured limb on the uppermost,with flexion of knee and hip of 60°.The normal hip and knee were flexed as possible.(2)One-off indirect traction reduction was used after general anesthesia. no requirement of continuous mechanical traction.(3)C-arm image intensifier was employed to obtain normal and lateral projections.Results Of all,35 patients were followed up for a mean period of3 years and 2 months, ranging from 6 months to 5 years and 2 months.Operation data showed incision length of(4.3±1.2)cm,mean opera-tion time of(46±10)minutes,intraoperative bleeding volume of(65±26)ml and intraoperative X-ray exposure of(3.0±2.1)times.Postoperative recovery data showed survival in one-year follow up,with ambulation time of(10.5±3.6)days and fracture union time of(10.9±2.1)weeks.Mean Parker's score wag(6.9±3.2)points 6 months after operation. Conclusions Improved technique of Gamma nail can shorten operation duration,reduce operative trauma and bleeding,reduce X-ray exposure and im-prove success rate of surgery.as facilitates early pest-operative recovery and reduces the perioperative mortality rate of the elderly.

This study was designed to explore the RNA interference technique in inhibition of the expression of the mouse fibrinogen like protein 2 (mfgl2), which has been reported to be involved in the development a variety of diseases including fulminant viral hepatitis. A plasmid named p-mfgl2shRNA,complementary to the sequence of mfgl2 was constructed, while another short hairpin RNA (shRNA)which was a mutated form of the mfgl2shRNA sequences was used as a control. A plasmid named pEGFP-mfgl2 expressing the mfgl2-EGFP fusion protein was also constructed for the screening of the effect of p-mfgl2shRNA on mfgl2 expression. By cotransfection of p-mfgl2shRNA and pEGFP-mfgl2 or pcDNA3.1-mfgl2 expression construct into CHO cells or HeLa cells, the inhibition of mfgl2 expression by mfgl2shRNA was analyzed by direct observation through fluorescent microscopy, FACS, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining. The experiments showed the significant inhibitory effect of p-mfgl2shRNA on mfgl2 expression at 48h post-transfection in both CHO and Hela cell lines with the inhibitory efficiency as high as 80.1%. The study demonstrated that the construct of p-mfgl2shRNA successfully interfered with the mfgl2 expression in vitro.

The gene of mutated TNF-?D4 gene was amplified by overlap PCR and cloned into the prokaryotic expressive vector pBV220.TNF-?D4 contains two changes:substitutions of Pro8Arg,Ser9Lys,Asp10Arg,Ile157Phe,Leu29Ser,Arg31Val and a deletion of the N terminal four amino acids.The recombinant vector pBV220-TNF-?D4 was transformated into E.coli strain DH5?,and the high expression strain was obtained by screening monoclones.The level of expression was about 45% of total cell protein.After purification,the purity of fusion protein was above 90% by HPLC and relative ability was 8 ?107.TNF-?D4 was modificated by mPEG-ButyrALD。After purification,the purity of mPEG-TNF-?D4 was above 85% and relative ability was 8.6?107.The in vivo systemic toxicity of mPEG-TNF-?D4,which is indicated by LD50,is lower than that of rhTNF-?.These results strongly supported for the further study and exploitation of TNF-antitumor drug.

Human parathyroid hormone peptide1-34(hPTH1-34) was highly expressed in Escherichia coli by inserting the synthesized hPTH1-34 cDNA into pThioHis, the prokaryotic expression vector. The expressed hPTH1-34 was purified by chelating sepharose immobilized metal ion affinity, reverse and filter chromatographic steps. Its purity was verified above 95% by HPLC. The quality was identified by N-terminal sequencing and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. In vitro analysis showed the adenylate cyclase of ROS 17/2.8 cells was activated by hPTH1-34.

Objective To analyze the recurrence and metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after minimally invasive surgery. Methods 123 patients with NSCLC underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy from January 2008 to December 2013 were enrolled in the study. Their perioperative data and follow-up results were analyzed, and postoperative recurrence and metastasis were recorded. Multivariate logistics regression analysis was performed to investigate the influencing factors of postoperative recurrence and metastasis. Results The median operative time was 165 min (60 ~ 430 min) and the median intraoperative blood loss was 95 ml (20 ~ 3100 ml). Postoperative complications occurred in 15 cases (12.2%). All patients were followed up regularly after discharge, and the median follow-up time was 23.5 months (6 ~ 69 months). During the follow-up period, postoperative recurrence and metastasis occurred in 36 cases (29.3%) and 42 cases (34.1%), including 16 cases (13.0%) patients simultaneously appeared recurrence and metastasis. The ipsilateral lung (52.8%) was the most common site of recurrence, followed by mediastinal lymph nodes (38.9%). Bone (28.6%) was the most common site of metastasis,followed by contralateral lung (26.2%) and brain (19.0%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ, mediastinal lymph node metastasis and low differentiation were independent risk factors of postoperative recurrence (P < 0.05) while stage Ⅱ ~ Ⅲ , number of lymph node metastasis ≥ 3, without postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy were independent risk factors of postoperative metastasis (P < 0.05). Conclusions For patients with NSCLC, recurrence and metastasis after thoracoscopic lobectomy occurred mainly in the ipsilateral lung and bone. TNM staging, mediastinal lymph node metastasis, differentiation degree, lymph node metastases, postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy were related with postoperative recurrence and metastasis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between serum HBsAg concentration and HBV replication level in hepatitis B patients with positive serum HBsAg and HBeAg, and to explore the possibility of using serum HBsAg concentration as a marker of HBV replication level in hepatitis B patients with positive serum HBeAg. METHODS: HBV DNA level and serum HBeAg, HBsAg concentration of 296 patients with positive serum HBsAg and HBeAg were quantitatively detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) and time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRIFA) respectively. HBsAg concentrations were compared among patients with different HBV DNA levels, and HBV DNA levels were compared among patients with different HBsAg concentrations. The correlation between serum HBsAg concentration and DNA replication level were analyzed. The positive, negative predictive values and coincidence rates were speculated by various HBsAg concentrations. RESULTS: If HBV DNA positive was defined as HBV DNA levels no less than 10(5) copy/mL, then 228(77.03%) patients were classified as HBV DNA positive. HBsAg concentration was positively correlated with HBV DNA replication level, but among groups with various DNA replication levels, HBsAg concentration showed no significant statistical difference (P>0.05). If the patients were divided into 2 groups, HBsAg concentration (180 microg/L) was served as the cutoff level, the DNA positive rate of the group with HBsAg concentration no less than 180 microg/L was significantly higher than that with HBsAg concentration less than 180 microg/L (chi(2)=3.998, P<0.05). DNA positive rates and average DNA levels showed no significant statistical differences between the 2 groups, if HBsAg concentrations other than 180 microg/L were used as the cutoff level. Positive predictive values, negative predictive values and the coincidence rates speculated by various HBsAg concentrations as cutoff values did not show any significant statistical difference in estimating HBV replication levels. CONCLUSION To some extent, serum HBsAg concentration is related to HBV DNA replication level in hepatitis B patients with positive serum HBsAg and HBeAg, but it is not feasible to use HBsAg concentration to monitor their HBV replication levels.
DNA, Viral ; blood ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; virology ; Humans ; Virus Replication