Through demonstrating the satisfaction evaluation system of Singapore hospitals,the article analyzed the differences between the satisfaction evaluation system of Singapore and the system made by Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning.It was concluded that the humanized evaluation methods should be highlighted,the conformity of establishment of evaluation system and policy be focused on,staff incentive mechanism be focused on and perfected,and patients' expectation indicator and perceived quality be considered as strategic tools to improve the healthcare system performance.

DNA Mutational Analysis ; Drug Resistance ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Glucocorticoids ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mutation ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; classification ; genetics ; physiology

The effect of dauricine on platelet aggregation and its mechan-ism have been studied in the patients and in rabbits. Dauricine inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP and generation of thromboxane B2 significantly, but had no effect on plasma 6-keto-PGF1a concentrations in the patients. It did not influence the levels of cAMP of platelets and plasma in rabbits. Its property of antipla-telet aggregation may relate to the influence on arachidonic acid metabolism.

Objective:To analyze the effects of essential medicine system on revenue structures at primary med-ical institutions. Methods:Data on revenue status and structures from 58 township health centers in Shanxi Province was collected to analyze changes and trends. Results:Along with growing government investments in primary medical institutions, the essential medicine system has fundamentally realized full coverage. The percentage of essential medi-cine revenue to pharmaceutical revenue rose from 20 . 45% in 2009 to 97 . 03% in 2013 , though the percentage of pharmaceutical revenue to total revenue dropped by 18 . 43%. The percentage of fiscal subsidy revenue in total reve-nue rose from 25 . 77% in 2009 to 54 . 16% in 2013 , though the percentage of business revenue to total revenue dropped in general. Conclusions:The essential medicine system requires the government’s financial support. Essen-tial medicine lists and primary financial aid policies should be further improved;doctor reimbursement and incentive mechanisms should be improved as well and unreasonable doctor service pricing and reimbursement mechanisms should be reformed.

To develop and validate a novel 6-dye STR(short tandem repeat) 25-plex DNA typing system for forensic DNA profiling and databases. In this study, a novel STR 25-plex DNA typing system that includes 24 autosomal STRs (D1S1656, D2S1338, D2S441, D3S1358, D5S818, D6S1043, D7S820, D8S1179, D10S1248, D12S391, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, D22S1045, CSF1PO, FGA, Penta D, Penta E, TH01, TPOX, vWA, D11S4463) and Amelogenin was developed. Validation studies demonstrated the sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility of our novel STR 25-plex DNA typing system. The sensitivity of the STR 25-plex DNA typing system was demonstrated by the ability to obtain complete profiles from as little as 0.125ng of human DNA. Specificity testing was demonstrated by the lack of cross-reactivity to a variety of commonly encountered animal species and microbial pool. For stability testing, full profiles were obtained with humic acid concentration ≤60ng/μL and hematin ≤600μM. For forensic evaluation, the selected 24 autosomal STRs followed the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Since 24 autosomal STRs were independent from one another, PM (Probability matching) was 3.5434×10-28, TDP (Total Probability of Discrimination Power) was 0.999999999999999999999999969863, and CEP (Cumulative probability of exclusion) was 0.99999999375. The new STR 25-plex typing system is sensitive, reproducible, and stable, therefore it is highly applicable for use in national DNA database and can help to facilitate international data sharing.

Objective To detect and analyse the levels of nitrite in marketed milk powder.Methods 6 brands of maketed milk powder were selected in this study.Interferents,such as protein,were removed from milk powder preliminarily by using potassium ferrocynide and zinc acetate.The levels of nitrite were detected by using fluorospectrophotometry method,and compared with na-tional standard(2 mg/kg).Results The levels of nitrite in the 6 brands of maketed milk powder were lower than the national stand-ard limit,had statistically significant differences(P <0.05).Conclusion The levels of nitrite of 6 brands of milk powders do not ex-ceed the national standard.

Objective To investigate the dynamic levels of autophagy after intimal injury of carotid artery. Meth-ods In this study ,40 male SD rats were randomly assigned to operated(n=20)and control groups(n=20). Balloon inju-ry was induced in the left carotid artery in operated groups .Rats in control groups just received carotid artery exposure without injury. Western blot was used to detect the levels of Beclin-1, LC3 and p62 at the third and seventh days. Immu-nofluorescence was used to examine the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 at the third and seventh days. Results The ex-pression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 were increased while the levels of P62 were decreased at the third and seventh days after carotid balloon injury. Beclin-1 and LC3 were present in neointima and medintima. The numbers of both Beclin-1 positive cells and LC3 positive cells were increased at the third and seventh days after carotid injury. The numbers of Be-clin-1 positive cells were 18.60 ± 1.34 in neointima and 6.40 ± 0.55 in medintima at third day, (27.6 ± 2.19 in neointima and 6.40±0.55 in medinitima at the seventh day,(all P=0.000,n=5). The numbers of LC3 positive cells were 10.60±1.52 in neointima and 3.00 ± 0.71 in medintima at third day, (P=0.000,n=5;at the seventh day 21.20 ± 2.49;3.00 ± 0.71,P=0.000,n=5). Conclusions This study domenstrates that autophagy was activated after carotid injury and the chang is dy-namic, which may contribute to neointima formation.

Objective To investigate the features of familiar facial palsy,ophthalmoplegia and dysphagia characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance in a family and to discuss the classification and pathogenesis of the disease.Methods Clinical,electrophysiological,pathological examinations were performed and blood samples were obtained from 5 patients and 26 family members.PCR protocol was used to identify a certain gene. Results In the 5 patients receiving physical examination,all had ptosis,external ophthalmoplegia,facial paralysis,dyphagia,hoarseness,decreased pharyngeal reflex;4 had amyotrophy of muscle of tongue,temporal nuscle,masseter and muscles of distal lower limbs;3 had proximal limb asthenia and distal limbs amyotrophy.Compared to those of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy(OPMD)with similar symptoms and signs,both electrophysiological manifestation and pathological findings of the family members supported the diagnosis of muscular dystrophy,but the(GCG)6(GCA)3GCG in the first exon of PABPN1 mutated neither in normal family members nor in patients.Conclusions This family presents clinical manifestations somewhat resembling to those of OPMD and distinctive to other disorders,but has a totally different genetic background from OPMD.It may be a new subtype of muscular dystrophy.