Objective To investigate the correlation of oxygen extraction rate (ERO2) with blood lactate clearance rate and cardiac output (CO) in the early stage of post-restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in patients resuscitated from cardiogenic cardiac arrest,and to analyze the relationship between the ERO2 and prognosis.Methods Fourteen patients successfully resuscitated from in-hospital cardiogenic cardiac arrest in the emergency ICU from October 2012 to January 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.These patients were assigned to survival group (n =5) or death group (n =9) as per the outcome at 72 h after ROSC.At admission (0 h),3,6 and 12 h after ROSC,arterial blood and venous blood were drawn to detect ERO2 and lactate clearance rate.Cardiac output (CO) was measured by thoracic impedance method,APACHE Ⅱ scores were assessed,and survival time was recorded.Results The patients in the death group died during the period of 12-72 hours after ROSC.The significantly decreased ERO2 at 6 h and 12 h after ROSC,and decreased blood lactate clearance rate and decreased CO at 3 h,6 h and 12 h after ROSC were found in the death group compared with the survival group (all P ＜ 0.05).The ERO2 at 6 h and 12 h after ROSC was significantly positively related to blood lactate clearance rate (r =0.857,r =0.947,both P ＜ 0.05) and CO (r =0.968,r =0.936,both P ＜ 0.05) at 3 h,6 h and 12 h after ROSC.The ERO2 at 6 h and 12 h after ROSC was significantly negatively related to APPACHE Ⅱ score (r =-0.970,r =-0.973,both P ＜ 0.05);APPACHE Ⅱ scores were significantly negatively correlated with blood lactate clearancerates (r=-0.880,r=-0.899,r=-0.850,all P＜0.05) and CO (r=-0.876,r=-0.922,r=-0.916,all P＜0.05) at 3 h,6 h and 12 h after ROSC.Conclusions The ERO2 at 6h after ROSC may be used to assess the severity and prognosis of patients resuscitated from cardiogenic cardiac arrest.

BACKGROUND:Recent research has shown that transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) migrate to the injured regions and exert their therapeutic effects in cases of intracranial trauma, stroke, inflammation and degenerative disease.The specific mechanisms involved in their migration to lesions are still to be fully elucidated.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of stromal cells derived factor-1(SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4 on the migration of transplanted BMSCs to ischemic brain lesions.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING:The cytological in vivo study was performed at the Central Laboratory, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from February 2008 to February 2009.MATERIALS:Bone marrow samples were obtained from normal or primary affection non-involved bone marrow patients aged 15-40 years at the Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.A total of 72 healthy male Sprague Dawley rats aged 3-4 months were supplied by the Experimental Animal Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.METHODS:Human BMSCs were isolated by combination of gradient centrifugation and different adherent time method.The transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) was induced using intraluminal vascular occlusion in 54 rats, based on the method described by Nagasawa et al.The remaining 18 rats served as sham operation group, only inserted with thread for 10 mm depth.At 2, 4 and 8 days after cerebral ischemia, the expression of SDF-1 in the ischemic brain was determined by real time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in 9 rats from either group.The remaining 36 rat models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion were equally and randomly assigned into a cell transplantation and solution control groups.1 mL human BMSCs(2?109/L cells) or 1 mL phosphate buffered saline were slowly infused through the caudal vein at 24 hours following reperfusion.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression in human BMSCs was determined.SDF-1 mRNA and protein expression following ischemia/reperfusion were detected.Migration of transplanted human BMSCs into the damaged region was observed through immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:RT-PCR showed that human BMSCs were positive for CXCR4 mRNA.Immunocytochemistry revealed that CXCR4 mainly expressed in cell membrane and cytoplasm of human BMSCs.At 2, 4 and 8 days following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, SDF-1 mRNA levels showed an increased tendency, and showed significant difference compared with the sham operation group(P

BACKGROUND: Transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) migrate to the injured regions and exert their therapeutic effects. The specific mechanisms involved in their directional migration to lesions remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and CX3CR1 expression of human BMSCs in hypoxia culture. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The cytology in vitro study was performed at the Central Laboratory, Xingqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from February 2008 to February 2009. MATERIALS: Cells harvested from the iliac heparinized bone marrow were obtained by iliac crest aspiration from healthy adult volunteers, aged 15 to 40 years old, at the Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. METHODS: Bone marrow was obtained by puncture. Human BMSCs were harvested by combination of density and gradient centrifugation and different adherent method. Cells at passage 3 were incubated in a 25 cm2 flask. When 70%-80% confluence was found, cells were incubated at 37 ℃ and saturated humidity in an incubator containing 3% O2, 5% CO2, 92% N2 for 48 hours, and those incubated under normal oxygen as controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphology was examined by phase contrast microscopy. Cell surface markers were tested by flow cytometer. The CXCR4 and CX3CR1 mRNA expression were detected by real-time PCR. The CXCR4 and CX3CR1 protein expression were determined by Western blot assay. RESULTS: All of the cells had a fibroblast-like morphology cultured in vitro and reached 90% confluence at 12-14 days, with the presence of polarity arrangement and whirlpool-shape. Cells were uniformly positive for CD105 (99.38%) and CD29 (99.13%), but negative for CD14 and CD45. Exposure of BMSCs to 3% O2 increased expression of the CXCR4 mRNA and CX3CR1 mRNA, which were respectively 2.130 times and 2.361 times of normal culture; expression of the CXCR4 protein and CX3CR1 protein was respectively 1.69 times and 1.93 times of normal culture. CXCR4 and CX3CR1 mainly expressed in membrane and cytoplasm of human BMSCs. CONCLUSION: Hypoxia (3% O2) can upregulate the expression of CXCR4 and CX3CR1 in human BMSCs, which might be one of the machenisms underlying the migration of BMSCs.

Objective To investigate the abnormal situation and the characteristics of body mass index(BMI),blood pressure (BP),blood lipid(BL),and fasting plasma glucose(FPG) in residents of Chongqing.Methods Data of BMI,BP,BL and FPG were obtained from 16 367 residents receiving regular health examination in our Hospital in 2006.Results These metabolic indicators of this group were abnormal:The detection rate was 33.2%(42.5% in male and 17.6% in female)for overweight;7.4%(9.7% in male and 3.5% in female) for obesity;25.4%(30.0% in male and 17.6% in female) for hypertension;,38.9%(41% in male and 35.5% in female) for total cholesterol;26.1%( 34% in male and 12.8% in female) for triglyceride;23.7%(26.8% in male and 18.6% in female) for low-density lipoprotein;8.2%(11.8% in male and 2.2% in female) for high-density lipoprotein;3.2%(3.8% in male and 2.2% in female) for impaired fasting glucose;and 3.2%(3.9% in male and 2.0% in female) for diabetes meUitus.The detection rate of these metabolic disorders was significantly higher in men than those in women,and increased with age,which was significantly higher in people aged 30-40 years than in people aged less than 30 years.Conclusion The levels of BMI,BP,BL and FPG of health examination residents in Chongqing had its unique characteristics,and were abnormal significantly,it was very important to take regularly health examination after 30 yrs old.

Objective To explore the relation between the expression of breast cancer stem cells(BCSCs) related gene CD44 , OCT4 and Twist1 in breast cancer tissues and swelling axillary lymph nodes with the recurrence and metastasis of breast cancer . Methods The genes and antigen expressions of BCSCs relative factors CD44 ,CD24 ,OCT4 and Twist1 in th breast cancer tissue and axillary lymph nodes were detected by the immunohistochemical method and RT‐PCR .Results Totally 14 cases of preopera‐tively and intraoperatively diagnosed breast cancer had axillary lymph nodes metastasis of cancer cells .The over expression of BC‐SCs relative factors CD44 ,OCT4 and Twist1 antigen positive in the breast cancer tissue and axillary lymph nodes were detected by the immunohistochemical method ,while CD24 was lowly expressed;the gene expressions of BCSCs relative factors CD44 ,OCT4 and Twist1 in the breast cancer tissue and axillary lymph nodes were enhanced by the RT‐PCR detection (P<0 .05) ,while CD24 gene was lowly expressed(P>0 .05) .Conclusion The genes and antigen expression of BCSCs related factors CD44 ,OCT4 and Twist1 in the patients with breast cancer complicating swelling axillary lymph nodes are significantly increased ,which might indicate that the BCSCs related factors are related with easily early metastasis and recurrence of breast cancer cells .

The method was established for determination of geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid, pinoresinoldiglucoside, which are three kinds of constituents of Eucommia ulmoides absorbed into the blood components. LC-MS/MS technique was applied to determine the blood components of the bloodstream after administration of E. ulmoides extract. At the same time, HPLC was used for detection of the ingredients content of the blood sample from 23 batches of E. ulmoides. The results showed that geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid and pinoresinoldiglucoside are prototype into the blood in rats after oral administration of E. ulmoides extract, The linear range of geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid and pinoresinoldiglucoside was good, and the average recoveries geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid and pinoresinoldiglucoside were 98.69%, 100.8% and 98.39%, respectively. The method is simple and feasible with good reproducibility.
Animals ; Chlorogenic Acid ; blood ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Eucommiaceae ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; blood ; Iridoid Glucosides ; blood ; Lignans ; blood ; Male ; Plasma ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Jiangzhuo Mixture (JZM) on glucose and lipid metabolism, free fatty acid (FFA) and insulin sensitivity index of sodium glutamate (MSG) induced obese rats.

METHODSSixty-four male MSG rats, 8-10 weeks old, were randomly divided into 4 groups equally, the low dose and high dose JZM group were treated respectively with 10 mL/(kg d) and 20 mL/(kg d) JZM, the rosiglitazone (RGZ) group with water solution of RGE 20 mg/(kg d), while the model group fed only with distilled water 10 mL/(kg d) for control, all by gastrogavage for 7 successive weeks. Levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC), and serum fasting insulin (Ins) were measured before and after treatment. Besides, the level of FFA and the proportion of fat weight to body weight (F/B) were measured and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated after treatment.

RESULTSAfter being treated for 7 weeks, the indexes including TC, FBG, Ins, F/B and FFA were all lower than those in the model group. Compared with before treatment, TC level lowered, FBG and Ins level raised in the two JZM groups and the RGZ group. Comparisons between the three treated group showed a significant lower level of Ins in the RGZ group. Level of ISI was significantly lowered in the 3 groups after treatment (P <0.05), but still higher in the RGZ group than that in the model control group (P <0.05). As for level of FFA, it was 314.81 +/- 110.25 micromol/L in the high dose JZM group and 305.56 +/- 92.33 micromol/L in the RGZ group, which were lower than that in the low dose JZM group (375.00 +/- 219.95 micromol/L, P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONSJZM could decrease the serum levels of TC, FBG, Ins and FFA in MSG rats, and decrease the fat content of organism in rats' growth process. The FFA decreasing action is dose-dependent. But its effect on ISI in MSG rats in the growth stage is insignificant. JZM can not reverse the forming processes of hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance in MSG rats.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; drug effects ; Male ; Obesity ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sodium Glutamate ; adverse effects

Artemisinin is a key anti-malarial drug and few clinically meaningful resistant cases about its application have so far been reported. The World Health Organization (WHO) officially recommended the use of ACT (Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy) as the first line antimalarial application to increase its inhibitory efficacy and prevent the likely resistance development. Based on our current understanding of artemisinin, a set of compounds were selected to study their interaction with artemisinin by using the yeast (S. cerevisiae) model, in the hope that knowledge gained might provide some references for clinical investigations. In this research, yeast strain (BY4742) was cultured in the nonfermentable YPGE solid medium with 4 μmol · L(-1) artemisinin and one of the selected compounds for 48 hours, and the combined drug efficiency was evaluated by the inhibition of yeast growth. The compounds belong to the categories of oxygenants, antioxidants, metal ions, ion chelators and uncouplers. Among them, 0.2 mmol L(-1) FeCl3, 60 μmol · L(-1) BPS, 1 mmol · L(-1) CuCl2, 0.75 mmol · L(-1) VE and 1 mmol · L(-1) VC antagonized the action of artemisinin, while 40 μmol · L(-1) DNP, 0.1 μmol · L(-1) CCCP and 0.25 mmol · L(-1) H2O2 had synergistic effects. These results suggested that redox-active and mitochondria-dysfunctional compounds could affect artemisinin's potency, supporting our prior proposed mitochondrial model for artemisinin's action. This research in addition provided a convenient method to screen likely artemisinin-interacting compounds.
Artemisinins ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; drug effects ; growth & development

The antitussive activity assay for the root extraction of Disporum cantoniense was carried out with coughing mice induced by ammonia liquor. The results showed that the ethanol and water extractions of D. cantoniense possess strong antitussive activity, and the high dose of the former was better than positive control, and then the constituents of the ethanol extraction were separated and purified by various modern chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic data. As a result, eight compounds were isolated and identified as stigmast-4-en-3-one(1), (22E, 24R)-ergosta-5, 7, 22-trien-3beta-ol(2), obtucarbamate A(3), obtucarbamate B(4), neotigogenin(5), azo-2, 2'-bis[Z-(2,3-dihydroxy-4-methyl-5-methoxy) phenyl ethylene] (6),dimethyl {[carbonylbis (azanediyl)] bis( 2-methyl-5, 1-phenylene) j dicarbamate (7) , and quercetin-3-O-pB-D-glucopyranoside(8). All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, and the result of bioactivity-directed isolation showed that compounds 3, 4, and 6 had obvious effect on antitussive activity, and compound 6 had the same level as positive control.
Animals ; Antitussive Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Female ; Liliaceae ; chemistry ; Male ; Mice

OBJECTIVETo study the constituents with the pain-relieving activity from the stem rind of Daphne giraldii.

METHODThe partition of the ethanol extract and chromatographic separation of the fractions were carried out by the monitoring of anelgesic pharmacological activity. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by MS and NMR.

RESULTFour compounds were isolated from the pain-relieving fraction. Three of them were identified as diterpenes, gniditrin (1), gnidicin (2) and daphnetoxin (3). Compound 4 was determined as Z-octadecyl caffeate.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1, 2 and 4 were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Analgesics ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Caffeic Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Daphne ; chemistry ; Diterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry