Objective To compare the effects of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), ultrasonic extraction (USE) and soxhlet extraction (SE), by extraction and determination of pesticide residues in Chinese herbal medicines. Methods Pesticide residues of Chinese herbal medicines were extracted by accelerated solvent extraction, ultrasonic extraction and soxhlet extraction, then the extract were cleaned up by sulfonation treatment, alumina neutral-florisil column and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The extract was separated by HP-5 capillary column and detected by electron-capture detector. Results Extraction efficiency of USE was significantly lower than that of ASE and SE, there was no significant difference between ASE and SE. Pairwise comparison of the recoveries of three purification methods showed no significant difference. Conclusion The extraction efficiency of three methods was ASE>SE>USE. The extraction method should be selected according to the requirement.

Child ; Humans ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux ; therapy

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of microwave ablation in the treatment of small hepatic carcinoma with liver cirrhosis.Methods Altogether 50 patients with small hepatic carcinoma with liver cirrhosis from April 2009 to June 2013 were divided into microwave ablation group (n =26) or resection group (n =24).The microwave ablation group was treated by laparoscopic microwave ablation while the resection group was treated by laparoscopic resection.The time of operation,intraoperative blood loss,length of hospital stay,postoperative complications,postoperative liver functions,and 1-year,2-year,3-year survival rate of each group were observed.Results The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were increased and the albumin (ALB) was decreased postoperatively in both groups,and all recovered in 7 days after operation.The ALT and AST in microwave ablation group were lower than resection group,and the ALB was higher than resection group,with statistical significances (P ＜ 0.05).The operation time in microwave ablation group was (53.5 ± 8.5) min,significantly less than the resection group [(92.9 ± 19.8) min,t =-9.019,P =0.000].The intraoperative blood loss in microwave ablation group was (41.9 ± 17.2) ml,significantly less than the resection group [(131.3 ± 66.0) ml,t =-6.663,P =0.000].The length of hospital stay in microwave ablation group was (7.8 ± 1.0) d,significantly less than the resection group [(10.4 ± 1.3) d,t =-7.742,P =0.000].The rate of postoperative complication in microwave ablation group was 19.2％ (5/26),significantly less than the resection group [45.8％ (11/24),x2 =4.059,P =0.044].The 1-year,2-year,and 3-year survival rates in microwave ablation group were 100％,88.5％,80.8％,respectively,and those in resection group were 100％,91.7％,83.3％,respectively.There were no statistical differences between the two groups (log-rank x2 =0.077,P =0.792).Conclusions Microwave ablation therapy is feasible in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis that located in the special area and endoscopic surgery is not easy to remove.Microwave ablation has advantages of less trauma,simple performance and less complications.

Objective To establish a gas chromatography method for the determination of 50 organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides residues in Zigyphussp. Methods The organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides were extracted from Zigyphussp with solvents of acetonitrile (1%acetic acid) by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) for 5 min at 100℃. Then the extracts were cleaned up by alumina neutral-florisil column and eluted by mixed solvents of ethyl acetate and hexane (15∶85, V/V). The extract was separated by HP-5 and DB1701 capillary dual-column and detected by electron-capture detector. Results The average recoveries and RSD ranged from 71.4% to 110.9%and 1.2% to 14.1% respectively, at three spiked mixed organochlorine and pyrethroid levels. Conclusion The method has good separation and repeatability, and can be used in determination of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in Zigyphussp.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sorafenib in combination with interferon-alpha(IFN-α)as the first-line treatment in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.Methods Since Dec 2007 to Jun 2008,137 legal patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC)were enrolled in the trail from 22 hospitals in China.All the patients continuously received the treatment of sorafenib plus IFN-α untill disease progressed or patients were unable to tolerate.The primary end points were objective response,disease control rate and adverse effects rate.Results This interim analysis was based on the data collected from the study initiation date to 2009/3/20.The overall response rate(ORR),including complete response (CR) and partial response(PR),was 32.8%(45/137).The median follow-up time was 11.9 months,only 25 patients progressed at the cut off time.The most common adverse events were hand-foot skin reaction(48.2%),alopecia(23.4%),rash (20.4%),diarrhea(19.7 0A),fever(16.8%),lassitude(10.2%),etc.The incidence of 3 or 4 grade hand-foot skin reaction was 8.8%.Conclusions Sorafenib in combination with IFN-α as the firstline treatment in patient with advanced RCC could be effective and safe.

Adult ; Congresses as Topic ; Hearing ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Mass Screening

Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on the CD4+regulatory T cells in the patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults(LADA).Methods The CIM+T cells from IADA patients were isolated with anti-CD4-dynal magnetic beads.The expression of Foxp3 mRNA,along with peroxisome proliferators activator receptors gamma(PPARγ)mRNA and TGF-131 mRNA was determined.The effect of rosiglitazone on CD4+T cells was measured,after treated with rosiglitazone for 48 h.Cell viability was assessed by Mtit assay.The proliferation was assayed with 3 H-TdR.Two-color staining(anti-CD4,anti-CD25)flow cytometric analysis was employed to measure the percentage of CD4+CD25+T cells of Deriph eral blood.Resuits PPARγmRNA was expressed in peripheral CD4+T lymphocytes.RosiglitazoBe inhibited phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-induced human CD4+T cell proliferation in dose dependence.The percentage of CD4+CD25+T cells showed no significant change after the peripheral blood culture with 1 μmol/Land 10μmot/L rosiglitazone.10 μmol/L of rosiglitazone induced Foxp3 mRNA expression in vitro (3.27fold,P<0.05),whereas TGF-β1 mRNA expression did not change.Furthermore,only 1 μmol/L of rosiglitazone could promote Foxp3 mRNA expression if adding IL-2(10 U/m1)in cultures(3.48 fold.P

Objective To observe the characteristic features of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) in gouty arthritis (GA) and to assess its value in GA diagnosis.Methods Patients with GA and non-GA who underwent MSUS examination in Chinese PLA General Hospital were enrolled in this study. The synovitis,tenosynovitis,soft tissue swelling,bone erosion,bursitis and ossification were measured by greyscale ultrasound,and the synovial vascularity was measured by power Doppler ultrasound to evaluate the degree of inflammation.Results The ultrasound images of GA were intended to have specific features like tophus,hyperechoic deposition on the surface of the articular hyaline cartilage ( double contour sign ),hyperechoic deposition in the synovium appearing as bright stippled foci,and bright strap in tendons with a significant difference when compared with non-GA group (P ＜ 0.05).The percentage of tenosynovitis and bone erosion in non-GA group was higher than that in the GA group with a significant difference (P ＜0.05 ). Tophus,double contour sign,bright stippled foci or bright stippled foci in tendons together suggested gout with a specificity of 92.4％ and a sensitivity of 60.3％,the AUC of ROC was 0.764 ( P ＜0.05).Conclusion Tophus,double contour sign,bright foci and bright strap detected by MSUS are of diagnostic value on GA and MSUS may be a promising tool in diagnosing GA.

BACKGROUND:The changes of single cytokine before and after transplantation has no clinical significance in the diagnosis of acute rejection, but the joint monitoring of cytokines is better to determine the immune status of transplanted patients. OBJECTIVE:To observe the dynamics changes of Th1/Th2 cytokines before and after transplantation in order to investigate the clinical significance in the diagnosis of acute rejection. METHODS:It was a prospective cohort study. The Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels in the rejection group and non-rejection group were dynamical y monitored with double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before, and 3, 7 and 14 days after transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Before renal transplantation, the Th1 (γ-interferon and interleukin-12) cytokine levels in the rejection group were significantly higher than those in the non-rejection group (P<0.05);the Th2 (interleukin-4 and interleukin-10) cytokine levels in the rejection group were significantly lower than those in the non-rejection group (P<0.05). After renal transplantation, there were no significant changes in Th1 and Th2 cytokines levels of the non-rejection group at different time points;the Th1 cytokine levels in the rejection group were increased rapidly at different time points, and reached a peak before acute rejection, and the Th1 cytokine levels at different time points in the rejection group were significantly higher than those in the non-rejection group;the Th2 cytokines were increased gradual y in the rejection group, and reached a peak before acute rejection, and the Th2 cytokine levels at different time points in the rejection group were stil lower than those in the non-rejection group. The results showed that the Th1/Th2 cytokines in the non-rejection group were kept stably before and after renal transplantation, but not in the rejection group, in which, the Th1 cytokines were increased rapidly before acute rejection and the Th2 cytokines were increased gradual y.

Objective:To establish a simple HPLC method for the determination of warfarin in human plasma and analyze the re-sults of 100 monitoring reports. Methods:Warfarin was extracted from the plasma samples by acetonitrile. The extract was separated on a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C8 column (150 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm)with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0. 1% acetic acid (65∶35) at flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 and detected by a diode array detector. The detection wavelength was at 308nm and the sample size was 20 μl. Results:The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0. 1-5. 12μg·ml-1 . The average recovery and RSD was ranged from 85. 0% to 102. 3% and 1. 2% to 3. 9%(n=6), respectively. Inter-and intra-day RSD were 1. 1%-1. 8% and 1. 6%-2. 9%, respectively. Conclusion:The proposed method is rapid, convenient and accurate in the detection of warfarinin concentration in plasma.